• 보건행정학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.159-176
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• 1993

The utilization of outpatient care services involves two steps of sequential decisions. The first step decision is about whether to initiate the utilization and the second one is about how many more visits to make after the initiation. Presumably, the initiation decision is largely made by the patient and his or her family, while the number of additional visits is decided under a strong influence of the physician. Implication is that the analysis of the outpatient care utilization requires to specify each of the two decisions underlying the utilization as a distinct stochastic process. This paper is concerned with the number of physician visits, which is, by definition, a discrete variable that can take only non-negative integer values. Since the initial visit is considered in the analysis of whether or not having made any physician visit, the focus on the number of visits made in addition to the initial one must be enough. The number of additional visits, being a kind of count data, could be assumed to exhibit a Poisson distribution. However, it is likely that the distribution is over dispersed since the number of physician visits tends to cluster around a few values but still vary widely. A recently reported study of outpatient care utilization employed an analysis based upon the assumption of a negative binomial distribution which is a type of overdispersed Poisson distribution. But there is an indication that the use of Poisson distribution making adjustments for over-dispersion results in less loss of efficiency in parameter estimation compared to the use of a certain type of distribution like a negative binomial distribution. An analysis of the data for outpatient care utilization was performed focusing on an assessment of appropriateness of available techniques. The data used in the analysis were collected by a community survey in Hwachon Gun, Kangwon Do in 1990. It was observed that a Poisson regression with adjustments for over-dispersion is superior to either an ordinary regression or a Poisson regression without adjustments oor over-dispersion. In conclusion, it seems the most approprite to assume that the number of physician visits made in addition to the initial visist exhibits an overdispersed Poisson distribution when outpatient care utilization is studied based upon a model which embodies the two-part character of the decision process uderlying the utilization.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.548-559
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 소비자 측면에서 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소인 소비자 특성에 따라 소비후 과정이 달라지는 점에 주목하여 쇼핑가치에 따라 만족을 판단하는 과정에 어떠한 차이를 보이고 있는지를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 자료수집은 대학생을 대상으로 설문지 응답방식을 수집하였으며, 총 614부를 최종 자료분석에 사용하였다. 통계분석을 위하여 군집분석, t-test를 실시하였으며, 제시된 인과모형을 검증하기 위하여 공변량구조모형분석을 이용하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.395-408
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of parent-child relationship perceived by university students on value of marriage and partner selection criteria. Questionnaires were distributed to 467 university students with questions covering topics including general personal information and characteristics, parent-child relationship, value of marriage and partner selection criteria. To analysis the data, t-test, ANOVA, and two step cluster analysis was used. The female group A with passive parent-child relationship had high level of negative value of marriage, male group D with active parent-child relationship had high level of romantic and instrumental value of marriage. The male and female passive group considered external condition as a partner selection criteria more than male and female active group does. As a partner selection criteria, passive male group recognized internal condition more than passive and active female group does. and active female group recognized situational condition more than passive male group does. This study reveals that university students' parent-child relationship does have an effect on their value of marriage and partner selection criteria. It is therefore proposed that diversify objectives and education content of family life education should relate not only to individuals' value of marriage but also to their parent-child relationship.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2008

The rapid growth of the Internet has increased the amount of transmission of personally identifiable information. At the same time, with new Internet related technologies, organizations are trying to collect and access more personal information than before, which in turn makes individuals concern more about their information privacy. For their successful businesses, organizations have tried to alleviate these concerns in two ways: (1) by offering privacy policies that promise certain level of privacy protection; (2) by offering benefits such as financial gains or convenience. In this paper, we interpret these actions in the context of the information processing theory of motivation. This paper follows Hann et al.(2007)'s methods to analyze Internet users privacy concerns in Korea and tries to compare the findings. Our research objectives are as follows: First, we analyze privacy concern mitigation strategies in the framework of the expectancy theory of motivation. Subsequently, we show how the expectancy theory based framework is linked o the conjoint analysis. We empirically validate the predictions that the means to mitigate privacy concerns are associated with positive valences resulting in an increase in motivational score. In order to accommodate real-life contexts, we investigate these means in trade-off situation, where an organization may only be able to offer partially complete privacy protection and/or promotions and/or convenience, While privacy protection (secondary use, improper access) are associated with positive valences, we also find that financial gains can significantly increase the individuals' motivational score of a website in Korea. One important implication of this empirical analysis is that organizations may possess means to actively manage the privacy concerns of Internet users. Our findings show that privacy policies are valued by users in Korea just as in the US or Singapore. Hence, organizations can capitalize on this, by stating their privacy policy more prominently. Also organizations would better think of strategies or means that may increase online users' willingness to provide personal information. Since financial incentives also significantly increase the individuals' motivational score of website participation, we can quantify the value of website privacy protection in terms of monetary gains. We find that Korean Internet users value the total privacy protection (protection against errors, improper access, and secondary use of personal information) as worthy as KW 25,550, which is about US 28. Having done this conjoint analysis, we next adopt cluster analysis methodology. We identify two distinct segments of Korea's internet users-privacy guardians and information sellers, and convenience seekers. The immediate implication of our study is that firms with online presence must differentiate their services to serve these distinct segments to best meet the needs of segments with differing trade-offs between money and privacy concerns. Information sellers are distinguished from privacy guardians by prior experience of information provision, To the extent that businesses cannot observe an individual's prior experience, they must use indirect methods to induce segmentation by self-selection as suggested in classic economics literature of price discrimination, Businesses could use monetary rewards to attract information sellers to provide personal information. One step forward from the societal trends that emphasize the need of legal protection of information privacy, our study wants to encourage organizations and related authorities to have the viewpoints to consider both importance of privacy protection and the necessity of information trade for the growth of e-commerce.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2008

Two hundred and sixty Korean soybean landrace accessions were analyzed for polymorphism at 92 simple sequence repeat(SSR) loci. The 995 identified alleles served as raw data for estimating genetic diversity and population structure. The number of alleles at a locus ranged from three to 27 with a mean of 10.4 alleles per locus. $F_{ST}$ values estimated by analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) using SSR data set were 0.018, 0.027, and 0.016 for usage, collection site and maturity groups, respectively, indicating little genetic differentiation. The model-based clustering analysis placed the accessions into three clusters(K=3) with 0.0503 of $F_{ST}$, indicating moderate genetic differentiation. Duncan's Multiple Range Test at K = 3 on the basis of 18 quantitative traits revealed that one cluster was mainly differentiated from the other two clusters by seed related traits and the other two clusters were differentiated from each other by biochemical traits. Genetic structure of Korean soybean landraces was differentiated by model-based clustering and supported by their phenotypic traits in part. This preliminary study could be the first step towards more efficient germplasm management and utilization of soybean landraces and helpful in association studies between genotypic and phenotypic traits in Korean soybean landraces.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.252-266
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형을 확인하고 이와 관련된 요인들을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2014년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이차분석 하였다. 음주, 흡연, 운동 및 영양 변수를 이용하여 19세 이상 성인을 대상으로 군집분석하였고, 이 유형들과 인구사회학적 특성 및 건강상태의 연관성을 확인하기 위해 SPSS WIN 22 복합표본 설계 모듈을 이용하여 카이제곱 검정과 다항로지스틱 분석을 실시하였다. 한국 성인의 건강행태군집 유형은 흡연군, 식습관군, 건강 관심군, 수동적 태도군 그리고 음주군의 총 6개 유형으로 분류되었고 수동적 태도군의 빈도가 26.0%로 가장 높았다. 건강행태 군집의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 분류된 군집과 건강행태변수를 이용해 판별분석한 결과 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 건강행태 군집은 성, 연령, 교육 수준, 직업, 소득 수준, 결혼 상태 및 지역 규모등 인구 사회학적 특성별로 분포가 달랐으며, 고혈압 및 당뇨와 같은 일부 만성질환의 유무별로도 다른 것으로 나타났다. 인구사회학적 특성, 지역, 고혈압 및 당뇨는 수동적 태도군 보다는 나머지 건강행태군집에 속하는 것과 유의한 연관을 보이는 변수였다. 본 연구 결과는 건강행태를 개별적으로 접근하기 보다는 군집으로 접근하는 것의 유용성에 대한 근거 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.39-56
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• 2018

Since trusting in other consumers may refer to having similar needs and preferences on fashion goods with them, interpersonal trust can be a reliable and practical criterion for market segmentation online. Therefore, this study aims to identify fashion online consumers based on interpersonal trust. This study segments fashion consumers based on interpersonal trust and experience and describes characteristics of each segment by examining demo-psychographic and behavioral variables as well as clothing consumption values. An online survey was conducted to collect data from 426 adult consumers who had bought fashion goods from their patronized e-tailer in the past one month. They completed a self-administered questionnaire inquiring about interpersonal trust, trust in e-tailers, purchase intentions, clothing consumption values, and their purchasing behavior online. Two-step cluster analysis generated four segments: distrustful doers, trusting doers, inactive trusters, and distrusters. They exhibited different characteristics in gender, online experiences, interpersonal trust, clothing consumption values, trust in the e-tailers, and attitude toward the e-tailers. Providing a new effective segmentation base, this study suggests that fashion marketers identify customers with a high level of trust in other customers and develop an encouraging environment that customers can interact with others in order to increase the effectiveness of trust. Because customers with a higher level of interpersonal trust are likely to have stronger trust in e-tailers with, more favorable attitude and purchase intention, and highly perceive the value of clothing consumption than those who have a lower level of interpersonal trust.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1090-1099
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 베이비부머의 사회활동 유형 별 삶의 만족도의 차이를 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 1955년에서 63년에 태어난 남녀 베이비부버 1,115명을 대상으로 하여 2011년 8-10월에 성별과 지역에 따른 할당표본을 하였다. 연구의 결과, 첫째, 베이비부머의 사회활동 유형은 3집단으로 나타났다. 36.8%가 속한 소극적 사회참여형은 소득활동이나 시민단체활동은 전혀 하지 않고 종교활동이나 가정내 활동을 하는 경우는 소수가 포함되었다. 주로 여성이 많고 후기베이비부머가 많고, 학력수준이나 가정소득이 다른 군집에 비해 낮으며 삶의 만족도 중간정도이다. 둘째. 33.8%가 속한 활동적 사회참여형은 소득활동을 포함하여 모든 사회활동에도 적극적이다. 여성이 많고 후기베이비부머가 많다는 점은 소극적 사회참여형과 유사하나 학력이나 가정 내 월평균 소득, 삶의 만족도 수준이 다른 군집에 비해서 가장 높다. 셋째, 29.4%가 속한 경제활동 중심형은 소득활동에는 참여하지만 문화활동, 시민단체활동, 교육활동, 혼자 시간보내기 등의 사회활동에는 참여하지 않는다. 전기와 후기베이비부머의 분포나 학력의 분포, 가정내 월소득은 다른 군집의 중간 수준이지만, 다른 군집과는 달리 남성이 많고 삶의 만족도 수준은 가장 낮다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 유형별로 베이비부머의 사회활동참여와 삶의 만족도를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.47-68
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• 2011

Values are lasting beliefs that are at the center of human behavior and not be often changed. Different values make different behaviors, and similar values form similar behaviors. Consumers' values affect not only the cognitive process but also behaviors in a powerful and comprehensive way. There have been many studies regarding prediction of consumer patterns and identification, measurement methods of values. This is because if we can accurately measure the value system, it can be used in many areas of marketing such as market segmentation, new product development, and advertisement. In case of seafood, it is also necessary to make marketing strategies by segmenting consumers based on their value systems. The objectives of this study are as follows: First, it is to find out the connection process from the properties of seafood products that consumers consider important, to the benefits, and finally to the values they pursue by applying the means-end chain theory, using the Laddering method. Second, using a two-step cluster analysis, we aim to segment seafood markets based on consumers' values and investigate characteristics of segmented markets. Based on objectives, it is expected that this study would provide informations on seafood consumers and help to establish seafood marketing strategies for producers and distributors. Analytical results of the value system using a means-end chain theory indicated that there were seven complete links, that is, ladders among fresh seafood products. In case of processed seafood products, there were total 9 complete ladders. The empirical analytical results of market segmentation according to the values showed fresh seafood products were divided into three groups. In case of processed seafood products were segmented into two groups.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1455-1462
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine green consumer behavior (green product purchasing behavior and green consumption life) affected by demographical characteristics, and cognition degree of green life (cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems). It's also to promote strategy and suggest effective activation plans for the vitalization of green consumer behavior. To carry out the task, verification of credibility, multiple regression analysis, two-step cluster analysis, and multinomial logistic analysis were used. The results are as follows: First, the factors that effect green product purchasing behavior were gender, age, cognitive of a green indicator, carbon points system, electricity peak hour system, and seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Second, the factors that effect green lifestyle were gender, age, carbon grade indicator system, cognition of a green system, and the seriousness of environmental damage due to lifestyle. Third, the comparative group characteristic analysis showed low rates for careless green consumer behavior groups compared to the passive green consumer behavior groups in cognition of a green indicator, green system, and environmental problems. For active green consumer behavior groups, the analysis showed high rates in cognition of carbon grades, eco-labeling, electricity peak hour system, and environmental damage due to lifestyle. In order to encourage green consumer behavior, it's evident that cognition of a green indicator, a green life catalyst system, and environmental problems need to be improved through strategic education and continuous encouragement.