• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.386-394
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 교육대학과 일반대학 사범대에 재학 중인 대학생을 대상으로 온라인 영어수업에 대한 수업만족도를 비교·분석하며 집단 간 만족도 항목에 따른 통계적 유의미한 차이가 있는지를 검증하는 것이다. 또한 이를 토대로 온라인 영어 수업의 효율성 제고를 위한 제언을 하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 2020년 1학기에 온라인 영어 과목을 수강한 교육대학 재학생 54명과 일반대학 사범대 재학생 50명이 연구에 참여하였다. 연구도구로는 온라인 설문지가 활용되었으며 본 연구 주제와 관련된 선행연구를 기초로 5개 항목 50문항의 설문이 제작되어 배포되었다. 수업 만족도의 하부요인은 학습 내용/운영, 학습결과, 수업환경, 학습지원, 효과성으로 분류하였으며 자료 분석은 통계적 유의수준을 .05%로 하여 기술통계와 독립표본 t검정을 실시하였다. 설문결과를 토대로 분석한 내용을 정리 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 온라인 영어 수업을 수강한 교육대학 재학생과 일반대학 사범대 재학생의 수업만족도에 대한 조사 결과 전체 만족도는 일반대학의 평균값이 교육대학에 비해 조금 높은 것으로 나타났다. 다만 두 집단 간 수업만족도에 대한 독립표본 t검정결과 통계적으로 유의미한 값을 보이지는 않았다. 둘째, 수업만족도의 하위요인별 두 집단 간의 차이를 파악하기 위해 독립표본 t검정을 실시한 결과 하위요인 5개 가운데 수업환경, 학습지원, 효과면에 있어서 두 집단 간 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.147-187
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• 2008

온라인 게임에서의 경험을 설명하는 대부분의 이전 연구들이 플로우의 역할을 강조하고 있으며, 플로우의 선행요인과 결과요인을 밝히는데 초점을 두었다. 플로우는 온라인상의 몰입경험을 설명하는데 타당한 것으로 기존 연구에서 검증되었고 성과와 직결된다는 점에서 중요한 변수임은 분명하지만, 쾌락적 경험으로서의 온라인 게임을 설명하는 데 있어서는 부족하다. 이러한 기존 연구의 부족한 점을 보완하고자, 본 연구는 음악과 영화분야에서 연구된 쾌락적 반응 연구를 온라인 게임에 적용하여 온라인 게임에서의 다차원적인 경험과정을 보여주고자 하였다. 또한 기존에 쾌락적 반응에 관한 연구를 보완하여 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응이 감정적 반응에 주는 영향을 검증하였으며, 플로우를 대신해 쾌락적 반응들이 게임 만족에 주는 영향, 게임 만족이 충성도에 주는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 그리고 쾌락적 선호를 조절하거나 매개하는 변수로 알려진 지각된 복잡성에 따른 조절 영향을 확인함으로써, 자극의 차이에 따른 쾌락적 반응의 영향차이를 보지 않았던 기존연구를 확장하였다. 연구결과, 감각적 반응, 상상적 반응, 분석적 반응의 감정적 반응에 대한 유의한 영향, 각각의 쾌락적 반응의 만족에 대한 유의한 영향, 만족의 충성도에 대한 영향이 검증되었다. 그리고 이러한 영향은 지각된 복잡성이 다른 집단 별로 달랐는데, 예상한 바대로 지각된 복잡성이 높은 집단에서는 분석적 반응이 전반적으로 강한 영향을, 그리고 낮은 집단에서는 감각적 반응이 감정과 만족에 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 연구 마지막에는 이러한 결과들에 대한 요약 및 해석, 시사점 및 한계점이 논의되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.362-377
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• 2014

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been of particular concern since they are present both in the vapor and particulate phases in ambient air. In this study, a simple method was applied to determine the vapor phase PAHs, and the performance of the new method was evaluated with a conventional method. The simple method was based on adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC/MS analysis, which is generally applied to the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air. A combination of Carbotrap (300 mg) and Carbotrap-C (100 mg) sorbents was used as the adsorbent. Target compounds included two rings PAHs such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and acenaphthene. Among them, naphthalene was listed as one of the main HAPs together with a number of VOCs in petroleum refining industries in the USA. For comparison purposes, a method based on adsorption sampling and solvent extraction with GC/MS analysis was adopted, which is in principle same as the NIOSH 5515 method. The performance of the adsorption sampling and thermal desorption method was evaluated with respect to repeatabilities, detection limits, linearities, and storage stabilities for target compounds. The analytical repeatabilities of standard samples are all within 20%. Lower detection limits was estimated to be less than 0.1 ppbv. In the results from comparison studies between two methods for real air samples. Although the correlation coefficients were more than 0.9, a systematic difference between the two groups was revealed by the paired t-test (${\alpha}$=0.05). Concentrations of two-rings PAHs determined by adsorption and thermal desorption method consistently higher than those by solvent extraction method. The difference was caused by not only the poor sampling efficiencies of XAD-2 for target PAHs and but also sample losses during the solvent extraction and concentration procedure. This implies that the levels of lower molecular PAHs tend to be underestimated when determined by a conventional PAH method utilizing XAD-2 (and/or PUF) sampling and solvent extraction method. The adsorption sampling and thermal desorption with GC analysis is very simple, rapid, and reliable for lower-molecular weight PAHs. In addition, the method can be used for the measurement of VOCs in the air simultaneously. Therefore, we recommend that the determination of naphthalene, the most volatile PAH, will be better when it is measured by a VOC method instead of a conventional PAH method from a viewpoint of accuracy.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-197
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 Saito Noboru(재등 승(齋藤 昇)) 교수에 의해 실천 연구되었던 등산학습법 - 학습 요소 사이의 관계 및 전체 학습 내용의 체계적, 구조적 관계를 파악할 수 있도록 학습구조차트를 활용한 학습 방법 - 을 초등학교 저학년과 고학년 학생들에게 적용하는 실험 수업을 통해, 등산학습법이 학습자의 수학 학습에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of the structured preoperative teaching on post-operative recovery and to observe the effects of an structured preoperative teaching on the adult surgical patient's ventilatory function ability, the length of hospital stay, the number of analgesics within a 72 hour postoperative period, the length of early ambulation. The research question investigated in this study was: What would be the effects of a structured preoperative teaching upon the adult surgical patients postoperative recovery? This study was based on a sample of 40 patients who were scheduled for abdominal surgery. They were asssigned alternately to experimental and control group. Among 40 subjects, 20 were placed in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Preoperative ventilation function testing of control and experimental subjects was done the evening before surgery and before the patient received the structured preoperative teaching. A structured preoperative teaching was given to the subjects in the exporimental group only by writer. Postoperative testing was done the 5th postoperative day. The data were collected over a period of two months, from Aug. 8 to Oct. 31, 1983. For the analysis of the data and test for the hypotheses, the t-test with mean difference was used. The results of this study regarding the four-hypotheses were as follows: 1. Experimental group which received structured preoperative eaching will have more increase to-cough and deep breathe as measured byhis forced vital capacity(FVC), forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1), maximal voluntary volume 15 (MVV 15) than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The ventilation function ability was more increase in experimental group than in control group, the mean difference was statistically significant at 0.01 level. Hypotheses 1 was supported. 2. Experimental group with structured preoperative teaching will have more reduced the length of hospital stay than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The length of hospital stay of the experimental group and control group were 11.90 days and 16.05 days respectively. However, the difference was. not statistically significant at .05 level. Therefore the hypothese 2 was not supported. 3. Experimental group with structured preoperative teaching will have more reduce the number of analgesics within a 72 hour postoperative period than control group. The number of analgesics within a 72 hour' postoperative period of experimental group and control group were 1.65 times and 2.4 times. The difference was not statically significant at .05 level. Therefore, the hypotheses 3 was not supported. 4. Experimental group with structured preoperative. teaching will have more reduce the length of early ambulation than control group without structured preoperative teaching. The length of early ambulation of experimental group and control group were 2.2 days and 3.5 days respectively The difference was statistically signficant at 0.05 level. Thus the hypothess 4 was supported.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2019

본 연구는 고등학생을 대상으로 한 '건강한 커플관계'교육이 관계형성능력과 결혼 가치관에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 연구자가 개발한 '건강한 커플관계'교육을 2018년 9월 1일부터 11월 3일까지 8주간 두 개의 고등학교 수업에 각각 실행한 후 그 효과를 분석하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학생을 위한 '건강한 커플관계'교육은 가정과의 교과역량인 관계형성능력을 향상시키는데 효과가 있었다. A그룹(S고등학교)은 '의사소통', '갈등해결' 영역과 '관계형성능력' 전체의 점수에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 인원수가 적어 Wilcoxon 부호-서열 검증을 실시한 B그룹(세종시 캠퍼스형 공동 교육과정)은 '관계형성능력'의 전체 및 하위 영역(의사소통, 자기이해, 갈등해결, 공감)의 점수가 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 모두 향상되었다. 둘째, 고등학생을 위한 '건강한 커플관계' 교육은 고등학생의 결혼 가치관에 일부 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. A그룹(S고등학교)에서는 '결혼 가치관'이 유의미하게 긍정적으로 변화하였지만, B그룹(세종시 캠퍼스형 공동 교육과정)에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 결론적으로 '건강한 커플관계'교육은 고등학생들이 건강한 커플관계 형성을 위한 지식과 기술을 습득하고 자신의 삶과 연결하여 깊이 있게 탐구해 봄으로써 가정과 교과역량인 '관계형성능력'을 함양하고 결혼에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓혀 긍정적인 가치관을 형성하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

최근 발전하는 초박막 자기 시료의 정확한 자기 모멘트 측정을 위하여 저자기 모멘트 표준 시료를 제작하였다. 정밀한 저자기 모멘트 표준시료를 제작하기 위해서 자력계를 미리 자기잡음으로부터 차폐시켰고, 시료준비과정에서 강자성 불순물을 고려한 시료의 순도, 절단 방법, 시료의 모양과 두께 등을 고려하였다. 본 연구에서는 SQUID 자력계를 이용한 자기 모멘트 측정에 적합하게 $4mm{\times}6mm$ 면적을 갖는 Al, Ti과 W로 된 판상형 시료 3 개를 준비하였다. Pd 금속의 경우는 이미 잘 보정된 실린더형 시료를 사용하였다. 준비된 세 개의 판상형 시료의 경우 50,000 Oe 이내의 자기장영역에서 자기이력현상이 관측되지 않았고 모두 양호한 선형성을 보였다. 290K에서 310K까지의 온도영역에서 Ti, Al, W의 자기모멘트 값의 변화는 각각 0.7%, 1.5%, 0.1% 이내로 작았다. 본 연구에서 준비된 각각의 시편에 대해 자기모멘트 값을 결정하였으며, round robin test를 통하여 측정값의 신뢰도를 확인하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 표준시료는 저자기 모멘트 측정에 편리하고 적합하게 활용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1973

With the object of the study id every possible correlation between daily food intake and growth rate of primary school students, aged eleven years old, the author distributed prepared questionnaires through 200 children of 5th grade in both sexes in K private primary school, Seoul. Specific object of this study were included following three points: such as daily food intake records for six days. daily food intake records for six days. school records of sample children at the end of 4th grade. physical growth index calculated by means of weight and height of sample children at the first part of the 5th grade. CR. t. F. test as well as percentage calculations were included for statistical analysis. The result of this study were as follows: 1. For the living circumstances a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were two to three. b) Approximately 50%of the children were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and about 35% of children were weaned at the age of 7 to 12 months. c) Thirty to forty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time due to early school time in the morning. d) Monthly average expenditure for daily food reached 20 to 29% out of total income. e) The most favorit foods reflect as follows: The most favorit main dish is boiled rice mixed with other careals and side dish beaf. Fruits and juice are more popular snack among whole children. 2. Nutrition survey a) The calcium and thiamine were the most limited factors out of daily nutrients consumption. b) The total calory intake were composed of carbohydrate 63%, protein 16% and fat 21% respectively. c) The total food intake were composed of 20 to 24% of animal source of foods and 76 to 80% of plant source of foods (vegetables, grains, fruits) d) The total protein intake were composed of 46% of animal protein and 54% of others. e) The grain stuffs consumed in the largest quantity at the level of 50% out whole food groups. f) Twenty four percent of total food intake came from snack between meal time. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) The correlation between the calory intake and plysical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. b) The correlation between the protein intake and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. c) The correlation between the meal time and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of 0.02

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.267-284
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• 1999

The purpose of this study are 1. Evaluate the degree of knowledge of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean(VBAC) of Korean nurses. 2. To gather and develop educational material for VBAC. The sample was surveyed Korean Nurses knowledge about VBAC, from November 1998 through March 1999. For the data analysis, the SPSS computer program percentage and frequency were used for descriptive statistics. The x2 and the t-test were used to compare the results of the two sample groups. Open questions asked in the survey were sorted out by content, then displayed in chart form. For the education material, the Internet was the main source of information. Information on the Internet was provided by professional doctors and prenatal educational nurses. The results of the survey are as follows: 1. Out of 97 Nurses 15.3% answered that cesarean deliveries do not need to be performed after previous cesarean sections : however. 46.4% answered that cesarean sections must be performed after previous cesarean sections. 2. Of the nurses surveyed 14% had no knowledge or had never heard of VBAC. 3 Nurses did not have questions from patients concerning VBAC was 34.7%. This led to the conclusion that patients either do not have knowledge about VBAC or patients have no interest in the trial of labor. 4, Nurses indicated that their information about VBAC originated from other people's experiences (31%), Nursing School (25%), Media information (9%), and through literature review (6%). This data led to the conclusion that the knowledge about VBAC may not be extensive enough to counsel and guide patients who are willing to endure the trial of labor. 5. Nurses preferred hospital education programs to develop their knowledge concerning VBAC. Based upon survey, the conclusion was made that General Nurses and Maternity Nurses did not have knowledge about VBAC success rates and the possibility of a trial of labor. In order for nurses to help patients make decisions concerning VBAC, nurses have to gam more knowledge through hospital educational programs. Further more, the study suggests that through hospital educational programs, the possibility and importance of VBAC must be emphasized to nurses who work in maternity areas. Second, through prenatal educational programs, the possibility and importance of VBAC must be explained and emphasized to patients who had previous cesarean sections. Third, the clinical pathways of VBAC need to be developed. Fourth, each hospital needs to develop multi-disciplinary teams, consis-ting of obstetricians, risk management/quality management, staff registered nurses, and the director for perinatal services. This team can review cesarean section rates and help to increase the practice of VBAC.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.349-357
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study, for the reasons of observing the changes when using bonding agent with Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy and using VM13 and Vintage MP ceramic which have the disparity in coefficient of thermal expansion, it is carried out to evaluate the characteristics of the bonding agent through the analysis of the interface between metal and ceramic and the analysis of bond strength by variable. Methods: The surface treatment was performed on the two kinds of alloy(Ni-Cr alloy and Co-Cr alloy) specimens, which were sandblasted and were treated with bonder application. The metal-ceramic interfaces were analyzed with EPMA in order to ionic diffusion, and the shear test was performed. Results: As a result of observation of metal-ceramic interfacial properties, it was observed that Cr atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group B. It was also seen that Cr, W atoms were spread from the alloy body to the ceramic floor in the specimen of Group S. In consequence of observing Shear bond strength, it was calculated that the specimen of BSV was 27.75(${\pm}11.21$)MPa, BSM was 27.02(${\pm}5.23$)MPa, BCV was 30.20(${\pm}5.99$)MPa, BCM was 27.94(${\pm}10.76$)MPa, SSV was 20.83(${\pm}2.58$)MPa, SSM was 23.98(${\pm}3.94$)MPa, SCV was 32.32(${\pm}4.68$)MPa, and SCM was 34.54(${\pm}10.63$)MPa. Conclusion: In the metal-ceramic interface of Bellabond plus sample group, diffusion of Cr atoms was incurred and diffusion of C Cr atoms and W atoms in the sample group of $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ was observed. Using bonding agent showed the higher bond strength than using the sand blasting treatment. In the Bellabond plus alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength, but didn't show statistically significant differences (p>0.05). In the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys, the specimen group with the use of binding materials showed higher shear bond strength and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). In terms of VM13 ceramic, it was in the Bellabond plus alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed, but there's no statistically significant differences(p>0.05). In terms of Vintage MP ceramic, it was in the $Starloy{(R)}\;C$ alloys that the high shear bond strength was showed and statistically significant differences(p<0.05). Metal-ceramic to fracture of the shear strength measurements and an analysis of all aspects of military usage fracture of the composite, respectively.