• 무역상무연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.129-153
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• 2004

What can easily be concluded is that the Orgalime's General Conditions will be preferred by contractors to the Silver Book. However, it is probable that for some projects the Orgalime's General Conditions will not be acceptable to employers without significant amendment, particularly to such matters as design obligations, limitation of liability, force majeure and possibly the extension of time provisions. It is doubtful, however, whether the Orgalime's General Conditions will prove to be an alternative to the Silver Book. For projects for which the Silver Book was intended, the Orgalime's General Conditions will usually be unacceptable to employers and leaders. Notwithstanding this, the Orgalime's General Conditions is a welcome addition to the ever-growing suite of international contracts. And I strongly suggest that we must prepare our "General Conditions for Turnkey Contracts", etc. reflecting our law and practices as soon as possible.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2011

2004년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지 국내 턴키 대안입찰의 적격자 선정방식은 통합설계심의방식에서 기술위원회와 평가위원회를 이원화한 공개토론방식을 도입 운영하여 왔으나, 제도 운영상에서 나타난 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 정부는 2010년 현재 설계심의분과위원회를 크게 중앙, 지방, 특별 설계자문위원회의 분과위원으로 구성하여 운영하고 있다. 그러나 평가과정의 객관성 및 적정성 확보, 대형건설업체의 수주편중현상 그리고 과다경쟁 등이 여전히 문제점으로 제시되고 있다. 이에 이 연구는 일괄 대안입찰공사 설계심의 및 평가에 대한 투명성과 공정성을 제고하고 업무담당자의 심의 평가업무를 효율적으로 운영할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 기존 공개토론방식의 턴키 대안입찰제도가 건설산업에 미치는 영향, 심의 운영제도, 설계심의 개선사항 및 운영상의 문제점을 분석하여 개선 보완하여 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제54권
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• pp.189-209
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• 2012

This Work intends to study on some issues of business and law in relation to Contract for Turnkey Base System. The continuing advance of export system of the plant with the importance for efficient and effective management emphasizes the need for business and legal approach to uniform international model contract. ICC Model Contract for Turnkey Supply of Industrial Plant by ICC covers a particular category of turnkey contract, i.e. contracts for the supply of a plant or production line to be erected within facilities which already exist or which are constructed by the purchaser. Furthermore, the application of the ICC Model Contract for Turnkey Supply of Industrial Plant leaves much to be desired from a business and legal point of view. Therefore, there would appear to be room for compromise between the supplier and purchaser in respect to make a contact for Turnkey supply of industrial plant.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.718-719
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• 2015

As a recent global trend, the majority of plant projects are delivered through EPC or EPC-turnkey contracts, where a contractor's liability is more complicated because of the mega size scale and financing method. Previous researches have been lacking a practical usability for project members for liabilities of contracts. Those were focused on solving the claims or schedule calculation issues only. The objective of the present study was to develop a validation process for LDs (liquidated damages) in contractor's liabilities with various case studies and expert judgments. As summarized in this paper, the processes and tools were developed with project life cycle process. The project preparation phase includes 3 step check lists to determine the Go or No-go for projects. In progress phase, contractors should focus on the response strategies for claims with liabilities. The study concludes that those developed processes and tools will help to manage risk of LDs for the contractors in the overseas projects.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제25권
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• pp.3-40
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• 2005

Many Korean construction companies have been performing a variety of overseas construction projects since the 1970s. It is unfortunate that in many cases they have had to suffer big losses caused by errors and defects in the design and construction of the projects. In the author's opinion, however, there were losses that could have been avoided if they had understood better the feature and content of the particular construction contract. Few lawyers and scholars in Korea have been interested in the research and study of international construction contracts. This is mainly because they do not have access to practical sources outside of Korea for them to research and study since the contracts undertaken have been dealt with by law firms in other jurisdictions to which the disputes apply. This article is aiming primarily at the introduction of the issues which the practitioners are likely to confront in the process of reviewing and performing the international construction contract. In some cases solutions are sought about these issues based upon the FIDIC standard terms and conditions, the actual experience of practice, and UNIDROIT Principles, etc. It is reasonable to say that all the issues related to the international construction contract cannot be covered in a short article like this. The author wishes this article could induce subsequent studies on international construction contracts for further research. It has to be noted that from time to time Korean construction practices have been compared to the international ones for better understanding. This article mostly includes cases where the Korean construction companies go overseas for their projects, while there are some cases where foreign developers and financial investors participated in domestic projects in which international construction contracts forms were adopted. A few precedent domestic writings about international construction contracts seems to lack emphasis on the points that there are several standard construction contract forms and that they are different. The differences are mainly in accordance with who bears the design responsibility, how the owner has to make progress payments to the contractor and who the funding source for the project is. This article tries to make it clear that there are significant differences between the standard contract forms, e.g. a simple construction form, a design-build form and an EPC/turnkey form of contract. Again, the author hopes that this article can arouse the interest in the international construction contracts from both academic and practical fields, so that many subsequent advanced articles can help our construction industry become much more competitive in the world through awareness of the methods of procurement and administration of the contracts.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2022

최근 세계 건설시장은 2025년까지 연 평균 4.8%씩 성장할 것으로 예상하고 있으며, 이에 따른 해외건설 리스크도 증가할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 특히, 국내 건설업체들은 EPC(Engineering, Procurement, Construction)/Turnkey 사업에 집중적으로 참여하였지만, 계약적 리스크에 대응하지 못한 결과, 2013년부터 수조원대의 해외사업 손실을 입은 경험이 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 지금까지 EPC/Turnkey의 계약적 핵심 리스크 세부조항 도출에 대한 연구는 많지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국제컨설팅엔지니어링연맹(FIDIC)에서 발행한 2017년 Silver Book 계약조건을 대상으로 핵심 리스크 세부조항을 연구하였다. 이를 위해서 국제건설계약 경험이 10년 이상인 30인의 전문가를 패널로 구성하여 FIDIC Silver Book 21개 조항 170개 세부조항을 델파이 설문조사를 실시하여 62개의 주요 리스크 세부조항을 도출하였다. 또한, 최종적으로 FMEA(Failure Mode and Effect Analysis)기법을 활용하여 RPN(Risk Priority Number)을 산정하였으며, Critical Risk 범위에 속하는 25개의 핵심 리스크 세부조항을 도출하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통하여 실무관점에서는 해외건설사업에서 입찰 및 계약체결 단계에서 주의 깊게 검토해야 할 계약조항들에 대해 참조할 수 있게 해주고, 학문관점에서는 해외건설 EPC/Turnkey 사업에서 사용되는 계약분야에 대해 어떤 방식으로 연구해야 할지의 방향성과 기초적 지식을 제공하고 있다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.233-235
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• 2012

Continually having growed up overseas construction market for new Nuclear Power Plant(NPP), the exports of Korean Reactor emerges as the key task of National Nuclear Business. The objective of this study is to strengthen the competitiveness of Korean Reactor through the improvement of Construction Project Contract & Delivery System for NPP. This study suggests the method for increasing Korean Reactor's competitiveness of exports by analyzing the business environment of foreign market and comparing Contract & Delivery System between domestic and foreign.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2008

The uncertainty of software projects makes a big gap between the initial schedule/expense and the final one. Moreover, it is difficult for a project manager to reschedule and re-budget for reflecting the effects of changes in the software development. In this paper, we suggest EVM (Earned Value Management) to control the schedule and the expenses of an on-going software development project. In order to apply EVM to a software project, we consider turnkey contracts and propose the way to calculate the earned value for the software development. Finally, we illustrate our method with the case of N-company. We expect our EVM help to analyze and to predict the final schedule and the expense of a software development project.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.1153-1160
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• 2016

해외건설공사와 관련된 리스크에 대해서는 많은 연구들이 있었으나, 계약조건의 내용을 토대로 한 리스크 인자도출이나 분석은 없었다. 건설공사에서의 권리와 의무가 계약내용에 따라 발생한다는 가장 기본적인 사실을 고려할 때 계약적 권리와 의무를 규정하고 있는 계약조건의 내용에 따른 리스크의 인식과 대응은 해외건설공사의 성공적인 수행에 필수적인 요소이며 따라서 계약조건을 기반으로 한 리스크 인자도출은 중요하고도 핵심적인 가치를 가질 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구를 통해 계약시 유념하여야 할 핵심 계약적 리스크 인자들을 발굴함으로써 해외건설공사 입찰이나 계약시 많은 실무적인 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2014

최근 한국의 대규모 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률은 저하되고 있는 것으로 파악된다. IT 서비스 프로젝트의 수익률을 저하시키는 가장 큰 이유는 프로젝트와 관련된 여러 위험 요인들이 프로젝트의 일정 지연 및 비용 초과를 초래한 것으로 파악 된다. 이러한 일정 지연 및 비용 초과 현상을 방지하기 위해서는 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 계약 체결 전에 식별하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 왜냐하면 발주사와 개발사간 계약 조건 협상 시 식별된 위험 요인들을 제거할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 특성으로 인해 프로젝트 수행 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 계약 위험 요인들을 사전에 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 체크리스트를 제시하고, 이를 실제 금융 산업의 IT 서비스 프로젝트에 적용하여 그 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 적용 사례를 분석한 결과 IT 서비스 프로젝트의 위험 요인들을 식별하고 제거하는데 본 연구에서 제시된 체크리스트가 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.