• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 1980

The purpose of the present study is to find the light intensity which induces maximum gathering rate and to observe the variation of the gathering rate both in daytime and at night by using three species of commercial fishes: filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck et Schlegel), conger eel, Astroconger myriaster (Brevoort) and crucian carp, Carassius oarassius (Linnaeus). An experimental tank $(360L\times50W\times55Hcm)$ was set up in a dark room. An illumination system was attached to one end of the tank to control horizontal, light intensity. Six artificial light sources were prepared by combination of two light bulbs (5W, 150W) and seven filters. During the experiment water depth was maintained 50 cm level in the tank. The tank was marked into six longitudinal sections each being 60 cm long to observe the distribution of fish. The fish were acclimatized in dark condition for 40 minutes prior to the main experiment. Upon turning on the light, the number of fish .in each section was counted 40 times every 30 seconds, and the gathering rates were obtain from the average number of fish in each section. In filefish the light intensity inducing maximum gathering rate was 0.7 lx(0.5-1.1 lx), and there nab little difference between day and night. Gathering rate varied propotionally to the length of illumination time. In conger eel the light intensities inducing maximum gathering rate were 1.9 lx(1.2-2.9 lx) in daytime and 5.2 lx (3.2-7.7 lx) at night. Thus, there was a considerable difference between day and night, but the gathering rate remained almost unchanged regardless to the length of illumination time. In crucian carp gathering rate did not show a definite pattern hut fluctuated irregularly. The gathering rate, however, was slightly higher at 16.21 lx, and there was little difference between day and night.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.19-26
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a novel illumination system for parking lots constructed underground. We design and implement this system using microwave sensors and dimming control of LED fluorescent lamps so that we can obtain lighting efficiency of the illumination scheme. We construct an effective illumination system in the aspects of performance and cost, resulting in energy-saving and electricity reduction. Recently conventional energy-saving method applied to old underground parking lots mainly relies upon turning off the half of total number of lamps installed in the parking lot. Sometimes there are some lots that have infrared sensor to be used to turn on/off the fluorescent lamps to realize these operations smoothing. The other schemes utilize timer to control lighting time of the fluorescent lamps. These conventional schemes are forcing to turn off a part of lamps installed so that we cannot apply them in a systematic way. Moreover they will be most inefficient when we leave them alone to be continuous consumers. The lighting control system proposed in this paper can recognize objects through microwave sensors and inform the appropriate lighting time, furthermore we can adjust brightness of LED lamps following the surroundings using dimming control scheme so that we can epochally improve the illumination system for underground parking lots. According to our sophisticated test experiments, we can maximally obtain 81.9% of energy-saving effectiveness using the system proposed in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 1990

'The Joobang' is a cooking book written purely in Korean which came from a Mr. Lee. It is unknown when and by whom this book was written, but it is inferred from red pepper mentioned in this book and from Korean-writting type that the book was written around in the mid-nineteenth century. The contents of 'the Joobang' consist of thirty seven items in all : sixteen items of rice alcoholics, five side dishes, eleven Tucks(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) and five processed materials. Cereals for making rice alcoholics were regular rice and sticky rice. In the first brew, rice alcoholics is made all from regular rice, and in the second brew, fifty six percent of regular rice and forty four percent of sticky rice was made use of. For five items of alcoholics forming 31.3% of alcoholics, flour was added, in which case the proportion of leaven to cereals was lower. There were four types of processing cereals in brewing rice alcoholics Jee-ae-bop(steamed rice, 60.9%), thick gruel with cereals ground and completely cooked(8.7%), thick gruel with cereals ground and half cooked (26.1%) and GooMung Tuck(doughnut-shaped rice cake, 4.3%). The comparison of the materials for brewing rice alcoholics and of the types of processing cereals presented in the seven cooking books purely in Korean(Umsik Deemeebang, JoobangMoon, Umsikbo, Sool-mandununbop, Kyuhap chongseo. The Kims' Joobangmoon and The Lee's Umsikbup) showed us the following facts ; Yihwajoo (rice alcoholics brewed around the blooming time of pear trees) and Kwahajoo(rice alcoholics which passed the summed time) were most often introduced and commonest, and the materials for brewing and the types of processing little changed over times. The materials for side dishes were all animal food, and vegetable food was little used for side dishes. Red pepper was used for seasoning. It is a problem of Korean traditional cooking that there were no units of measuring for side dishes. The main materials for Tuck(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) were sticky rice, regular rice and honey. There was a variety of terms for the process, from which we can see that the procedures of making Tuck(rice cakes) and Guaja(cookies) were very complicate. Processed materials were chiefly made of sticky rice and the material of firewood(oak trees) and the strength of fire(fire burning vigorously and fire turning to ashes) were described.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.12 no.4 s.31
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

Multibeam Echosounder system is the latest technology of a hydrographic survey utilized in producing an electronic nautical chart, obtaining a DEM with high precision, making a moving image by Swath surveying a wide area. As a fundamental study for improving the precision of MBES, we compared and analyzed measurements of DGPS and Motion sensor, and studied for the dynamic characteristics of vessel's movements. DGPS was installed in front and in the rear and on both side or the vessel and surveyed. The receiving precision of surveyed GPS results was obtained to the satisfactory extent that was possible to valuate the accuracy of Motion sensor as 0.0016$^{\circ}$ of the roll value and 0.0009$^{\circ}$ of the pitch value. The relationship between the values of heading, pitch, and roll in Motion sensor and the data of DGPS was proportional correlation. In addition, it is considered that deviations by elements like rapid turning and vibration of the vessel will be occurred, although the correlation of each deviation according to each amount or change is proportional. It is suitable that GPS installs in the central line of the vessel that is less affected than other places by waving because the amount of change in the tide level obtained from GPS survey and the value of heave are similar with the values taken by Motion sensor, and the velocity of GPS is different from installed places. The accuracy of the final result from MBES could be affected by the values of gyro and Motion sensor inputted to MBES processor because there were intervals of 15s and 13s of receiving time in gyro and Motion sensor respectively compared with the real-time measurements of DGPS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.120-138
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• 2006

A city evolves over time. It grows, transforms, and sometimes degrades. Chuncheon is at a turning point from a city souggling with regulations regarding clean water supply and a military encampment to a masterpiece city with a sustainable vision. The city is getting ready to restructure itself to become a world-famous culture and tourism complex expanding its physical boundary across the Camp Page site and absorbing Jungdo as a major tourist attraction. The landscape in the future blueprint of Chuncheon will play a great role in restructuring urban form. The regenerated in will have a new networked open space system as well as re-evaluated landscape resources. The hybrid theoretical practice called 'landscape urbanism' burgeoning in the fields between 'landscape architecture' and 'urbanism' can guide us in considering the terms of the relationship between a city and landscape when we design a future city Landscape urbanism is considered to be an effective framework by which we can diagnose the current status of a landscape in our contemporary urban design practice in Korea. This paper tries to provide a different perspective from the viewpoint of landscape urbanism to decipher the hidden implications of the social agreement on the role of landscape in urban structure by re-reading eight design proposals presented for the ChunCheon G5 international design competition based on the main principles of landscape urbanism. The G5 design competition is a great opportunity to test out new ideas on a city, demonstrating the relative values among various urban-design professional realms. First, this paper provides an overview of the main ideas of landscape urbanism based on the literature review and case studies. Second, framework categories are suggested in order to extract the explicit and implicit ideas on the landscape. Third, eight proposals are reviewed according to the suggested categories to situate the current landscape design of Korea within the mainstream of contemporary practice of landscape urbanism. Based on the review of eight proposals, the following diagnostic conclusions are made; first, the ideas of landscape urbanism have not been actively introduced in large-scaled urban landscape projects in Korea like Chuncheon G5. Second, it remains to be a big task for landscape professions to be able to participate in design consortiums on an equal footing. Third, In order to introduce and reify the ideas of landscape urbanism in Korea, it is inevitable and critical to test the ideas in both academic fields and professional practices to find the appropriately adjusted model of landscape urbanism.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.223-265
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• 2002

In United States black mothers have consistently been treated as national outsiders, as women whose children, although ostensibly entitled to full citizenship, are in practice rarely provided with equal protection within the nation′s borders or under its laws. From the time he began writing in the aftermath of the failures of national Reconstruction, the African American public intellectual and political activist W. E. B. Du Bois realized that a truly effective anti-racist politics would also have to contend with the particular ways in which U.S. racism targeted black mothers. In short, he understood that an effective anti-racism would necessarily have to be a form of anti-sexism. This article examines the myriad ways in which Du Bois attempted to reconstruct the relationship between race and reproduction in the interest of producing anti-racist, anti-nationalist, as well as internationalist thinking. In so doing it treats the various representations of black maternity and child birth that Du Bois created, and elaborates on the rhetorical and political function of these representations in combating the racialization of national belonging on the one hand, and in articulating universal black citizenship, or what this article theorizes as racial globality on the other. The article begins by considering Du Bois′s attempts to transcend ideas about the racialized reproductive body as a source of national belonging within the United States, particularly his efforts to contest the idea of the reconstructing nation as a white nation reproduced exclusively by white women. Through analysis of Du Bois′s depiction of the birth and death of his son in his monumental work The Souls of Black Folk (1903) it demonstrates his reluctance to build an anti-racist politics founded on the idea that belonging within the nation is something that can be bestowed by one′s mother. The article proceeds by turning to Du Bois less well-known romantic novel, Dark Princess (1928) in which, by contrast, he depicts the birth of a "golden chi1d" who belongs not only within the United States, but within the world. This child, the son of an African American man and an Indian Princess, is cast as a messenger and messiah of a utopian alliance between pan-Asia and pan-Africa. In exploring the relationship between these two reproductive portraits, the article moves from a discussion of Du Bois′s critique of the ideological construction of the U.S. as a white nation reproduced by white progenitors, to an examination the literary figuration of a b1aek mother out of whose womb a black diasporic anti-imperialist alliance springs. In contrast to previous scholarship, which has tended to focus on the critique of U.S. racial nationalism that Du Bois expressed in his early work, or on the internationalism that he later embraced, this article pays close attention to how Du Bois′s anti-nationalist and internationalist politics together subtended by subtle, but constitutive, sexual politics.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.39
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• pp.179-220
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• 2008

The notion of the 'court' is most unique to ICC arbitration. This paper focuses on what the court is and how it works and what the role and the duties of the Court under the ICC arbitration imply for the KCAB International Arbitration Rules. The Court is an administrative body that administers arbitrations taking place under the ICC Rules of Arbitration. The Court consists of 126 members from 88 countries around the world. Court members participate in decision-making process by way of attending the committee sessions and plenary sessions. At the Court's committee sessions, the Court fixes advance on costs; reviews the prima facie existence of arbitration agreements; fixes the place and language of arbitration, and the number of arbitrator(s); confirms and approves arbitrators; scrutinizes draft awards, determines the costs of arbitration; decides on extensions related to Terms of Reference, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. At the Court's plenary sessions, the Court performs only two responsibilities: the challenge or replacement of arbitrators or the scrutiny of draft awards. The Court is required to scrutinize draft awards involving states or state entities, drafts with huge amounts in dispute or complex technical or legal questions, and as well as draft awards to which a dissenting opinion has been attached. Turning to the KCAB International Arbitration Rules, Article 1(3) provides that the KCAB shall establish an International Arbitration Committee. Further, it is provided that the KCAB shall consult with the said Committee with respect to challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators pursuant to Article 1(3). The notion and role of the International Arbitration Committee was originally adapted from the Court to ICC arbitration, but its role was quite reduced in the process of enactment of its Rules. Accordingly, I examined the detailed roles of the Court to ICC arbitration in this paper and hereby suggest that the KCAB International Arbitration Rules shall be amended in the following ways: The Secretariat of the KCAB shall: fix advance on costs at the first stage and the costs of arbitration at the final stage of the proceedings; determine the number of arbitrators; review the prima facie of existence of arbitration agreement; confirm arbitrators; decide extensions related to time table, draft awards and correction and interpretation of the awards. I, also, suggest that the arbitral tribunals shall fix the place of arbitration and the language of arbitration and make a final decision on the validity of arbitration agreement. With regard to the International Arbitration Committee, it is desirable for its Rules to empower the Committee to recommend any prospective arbitrator and to review and decide challenge and replacement/removal of arbitrators.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2002

In order to examine the directional suitability of the axis direction of the fishing gear against the current, the experiments were carried out at the bamboo weir in Samchunpo water area from January, 2000 to September, 2001 The results of the study are as follows: In the experimental fishing gear constructed in the "V" shape, the range between two reference piles located at the entrance was 2.5m. The direction of bamboo weir′s axis was 355.5$^{\circ}$ The length of the left wing and those from the reference pile to the starting point of a curve were 106.0m, 7.5m, respectively. The length of the right wing and those from the reference pile to the starting point of a curve were 79.0m, 10.0m, respectively. Depths around the left and right stone wall that drove the steel pile were 5.0~6.5m and 6.5~9.5m, respectively. Also, depths on the bamboo weir′s axis and around the sack were 7.0~8.0m and about 8.0m, respectively. The maximum height of stone walls at the point of the left wing, the right wing and around the sack on the bamboo weir\` axis were 3.0m, 4.7m and 4.0m, respectively, Widths of stone walls at the point of both of the wings and around the sack on the bamboo weir\`s axis were 10.0~l4.0m, 22.0~25.0m, respectively. The averaging current direction on ebb tide was measured two times and it was 169.2$^{\circ}$ but the direction had about a 6.3$^{\circ}$ difference from the bamboo weirs axis. The maximum current speed appeared two to three hours later from the time of high tide and the current speed over 80.0cm/s lasted during about two Hours on the ebb tide In the case of a straight type wing In the bamboo weir, the eddy out of the left wing was comparatively big and the current on the right side from the bamboo weir′s axis had a tendency in turning to the right wing side. But in the case of a curve type wing, the eddy and tendency reduced significantly. It was thought that the experimental fishing gear was set suitably from the result of this simulation.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.614-622
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality change of "Tabor" tomatoes during long-term exportation periods. Hydroponics tomatoes were harvested at the turning stage, sorted, and box packed and then packaged in nylon film with a pallet. The packaged pallet was filled with a gas composition (5% $O_2$, 1% $CO_2$, and 94% $N_2$) and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. The quality changes in weight loss, firmness, color, acidity, soluble solids, and microorganism growth were measured every 7 day interval. During the initial storage, the pallet-scale MAP showed slightly higher weight loss and firmness changes when compared to the conventional pallet. The total color change (${\Delta}E$) during ripening was delayed 10% under MAP storage. Acidity, soluble solids and phenolic compound contents decreased with increases in storage time regardless of the storage method; however, the quality changes of tomatoes were delayed in the MAP pallet. Furthermore, the decay rate of the pallet-scale MAP stored for 14 days was less than that of the conventional pallet, and the number of microorganisms was approximately 30% lower in the pallet-scale MAP, showing a positive effect on marketability. These results suggested that the pallet-scale MAP of tomatoes could ensure higher quality and longer storage periods than conventional pallet storage.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.11
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• pp.79-108
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• 2007

"Printing is an Art of reproduction & a Technique of However printing has extended its limitation from a genre of reproduction itself and now it stands on the turning point as an art such as painting or sculpture which expresses artist's originality. Early Printing has had relations in depth with press printing in terms of information recording, preservation, and transmission. It was acknowledged value in a way of information satisfaction different from how it is valued as a pure art today. But, later printing has transferred its function from a mean of reproduction to pure art due to the development of printing skills and photography invention. It can be said that the concept of modern printing is taking over its genealogy as a creative work not as just printing. Also its expression capability is widen to dimensional printing and high-tech multimedia from original tradition techniques. As we discussed above, modern painting is very open to various changes. This modern painting aspect can be seen as an extended interpretation of 'board' concept. This dissertation raises a question why monotype and monoprint couldn't secure its position in printing history in spite of numerous artists' tryouts in its way. Monotype and monoprint fundamentally based on intaglio technique in its history. Yet, its systematic study hasn't been worked out. This is because of the lack of recognition of monotype and monoprint's originality as printing. Especially in monoprint, it has known as an early stage in copperplate printing process which is an attempt to solve the technique limitation or trial work for edition. Likewise the reason why monotype and monoprint remains at the edge of printing border ambiguously is because of conceptual, technical characteristics which are against traditional printing. In traditional printing, the concept of board is important as a method of reproduction. Different from the fact, monotype and monoprint accept the form of medium 'board' conceptually out of limited condition as mentioned. Thus monotype and monoprint hasn't stand out for several reasons until late 20th century when it started come out to public as people starts to have interests that works from famous artists are actually based on monotype and monoprint. This dissertation likes to step into the monotype and monoprint theoretically which is not well known in domestic and try to study the meaning of monotype and monoprint as a printing medium which is also hasn't been considered sincerely. For this study the process follow as below. First, look into how monotype and monoprint has a concept and history. Next, check differences through comparison with traditional printing and how printing can be understood in what aspects at the same time. After, verify how monotype and monoprint have influence on the acceptance of extended concept of 'board'. This study will show the expressional possibility of monotype and monoprint which has already known as 'tableau printing' in today's situation where adventurous experiments of printing medium are going on with the development of technology.