• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.50-56
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• 1983

Scram이 일어난 후 과도 기간 동안 LMFBR 출구공간에 있어서의 유동성층의 영향은 특별한 문제로 제기되고 있다. 이러한 경우에 난류 혼합에 미치는 부력 효과는 설계자에게 중요하다. 난류 유동 방정식에 부력 효과를 갖지 않는 기존 난류 모형의 부력효과를 더하기 위한 연구가 행해졌다. 개발된 부력 난류 유동의 물리적 모형은 SMAC 수치 해석 방법을 통하여 풀어졌다. 개발된 수치 해석 모형이 시험되어졌고, 실험자료와도 비교되었다. 결과는 난류에 대한 부력 효과가 출구공간에서 난류를 강하게 억압하며 성층의 안정도를 상당히 증가시켰다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.59.2-59.2
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• 2014

Radiative transfer models in a spherical, turbulent interstellar medium (ISM), in which the photon source is situated at the center, are calculated to investigate the correlation between the scattered light and the dust column density. The medium is modeled using fractional Brownian motion structures that are appropriate for turbulent ISM. The correlation plot between the scattered light and optical depth shows substantial scatter and deviation from simple proportionality. It was also found that the overall density contrast is smoothed out in scattered light. In other words, there is an enhancement of the dust-scattered flux in low-density regions, while the scattered flux is suppressed in high-density regions. The correlation becomes less significant as the scattering becomes closer to being isotropic and the medium becomes more turbulent. Therefore, the scattered light observed in near-infrared wavelengths would show much weaker correlation than the observations in optical and ultraviolet wavelengths. We also find that the correlation plot between scattered lights at two different wavelengths shows a tighter correlation than that of the scattered light versus the optical depth.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.528-537
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• 1989

The objective of this paper is to investigate effects of the specific heat and the diameter of suspending particles on the heat transfer coefficient of two phase turbulent flow with suspension of solid particles in a circular tube with constant heat flux. Heat transfer coefficients of two phase turbulent flow in pipe with suspension of graphite powder were measured with variations of particle sizes and solid-gas loading ratio. Measured data were compared with predictions by numerical analysis in which the turbulece models are closed on the first order level. Results show that heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing the solid-gas loading ratio and the specific heat of suspending material, however, it decreases as the average diameter of particles decreases below $24{\mu}m$.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

Gaussian dispersion model is the most widely used tool for the ground level air pollution simulation. Though in spite of the convenience there are important problems on the Pasquill- Gifford' stability classification scheme which was used to define the turbulent state of the atmosphere or to describe the dispersion capabilities of the atmosphere which was each covers a broad range of stability conditions, and that they were very site specific, and the vertical dispersion calculation formula on the case of the unstable atmospheric condition. This paper was carried out to revise the Gaussian dispension model for the purposed of increase the modeling performance and propose the revised model, which was composed of the turbulent characteristics in the unstable atmospheric conditions. The proposed models in this study were composed of the profile method, Monin-Obukhove length, the probability density function model and the lateral dispersion function which was composed of the turbulent parameters, $u_*$(friction velocity), $w_*$(convective velocity scale), $T_L$(lagrangian time scale) for the model specific. There were very good performance results compare with the tracer experiment result on the case of the short distance (<1415m) from the source, but increase the simulation error(%) to stand off the source in the all models. In conclusion, the revised Gaussian dispersion model using the turbulent characteristics may be a good contribution for the development of the air pollution simulation model.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.189-198
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• 2011

본 연구는 난류현상의 모형화를 위해 널리 이용되는 k-$\varepsilon$과 k-$\omega$ 난류모형을 비교하는 것이 목적으로, 횡방향 흐름이 무시될 수 있는 U-튜브 모양의 터널형 수로 내 높은 레이놀즈수를 가진 진동 경계층 흐름에 두 난류해석방법을 적용하였다. 난류모형의 적용은 1차원 연직 모형을 통해 이루어지며, 수치 모의 결과, 유속의 분포와 난류운동에너지 (turbulent kinetic energy) 모두에서 두 모형이 매우 유사한 결과를 나타낸다. 이를 통하여, 횡방향 압력경사가 무시될 수 있는 조건에서는 k-$\varepsilon$과 k-$\omega$ 난류모형이 큰 차이를 보이지 않고, 우수한 결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있다. 따라서 직선형 하천 및 하구부, 해안에서의 파랑 흐름 등과 같이 횡방향의 압력경사가 미미한 지역에서의 난류를 수치적으로 해석할 경우, 기존의 풍부한 연구를 통해 매개변수의 검보증이 장기간 이루어진 k-$\varepsilon$ 모형을 이용하는 것이 추천된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2014

In this study, flow characteristics around the hull form of KLNG are investigated by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations of the turbulent flows with the free surface around KLNG have been carried out at Froude number 0.1964 using the FLUENT 6.3 solver with Reynolds stress turbulence model. Several GEOSIM models are adopted to consider the scale effect attendant on Reynolds number. Furthermore, a full scale ship is calculated and the result is compared with the numerical results of GEOSIM models. The calculated results of GEOSIM models and the full scale ship are compared with the experiment data of MOERI towing tank test and Inha university towing tank test. Moreover, wake distribution on the propeller plane of the full scale ship is estimated using the numerical results of GEOSIM models. The prediction result is directly compared with the simulation result in full scale.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1479-1489
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• 2004

The effect of fluctuation of Equivalence Ratio (ER) in a turbulent reactive field has been studied in order to check the global combustion characteristics induced by the local fluctuation. When the flow is premixed on a large scale, closer examination on a small scale reveals that local fluctuations of ER exist in an imperfectly premixed mixture, and that these fluctuations must be considered to correctly estimate the mean reaction rate. The fluctuation effect is analyzed with DNS by considering the joint PDF of reactive scalar and ER, followed by modeling study where an extension of stochastic mixing models accounting for the ER fluctuation is reviewed and tested. It was found that models prediction capability as well as its potential is in favor to this case accounting the local ER fluctuation. However, the effect of local fluctuation did not show any notable changes on the mean global characteristics of combustion when statistical independence between the reactive scalar and ER field is imposed, though it greatly influenced the joint PDF distribution. The importance of taking into account the statistical dependency between ER and combustible at the initial phase is demonstrated by testing the modeled reaction rate.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.440-452
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• 1990

Comprehensive numberical computations have been made for four turbulent swirling jets with and without recirculation to critically evaluate the accuracy and universality of several exising turbulence models as well as of the modified k-.epsilon. model proposed in the present study. A numerical scheme based on the full Navier-Stoke equations ha been developed and used for this purpose. Inlet conditions are given by experiments, whenever possible, to minimize the error due to incorrect initial conditions. The standard k-.epsilon. model performs well for the strongly swirling jets with recirculation while it underpredicts the influence of swirl for weakly swirling jets. Rodi's swirl correction and algebraic stress model do not exhibit universality for the swirling jets. The present modified k-.epsilon. model derived from algebraic stress model accounts for anisotropy and streamline curvature effect on turbulence. This model performs consistently better than others for all cases. It may be because these flows have a strong dependence of stresses on the local strain of the mean flow. The predictions of truculence intensities indicate that this model successfully reflect the curvature effect in swirling jets, i.e. the stabilizing and destabilizing effects of swirl on turbulence transport.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2007

A second-moment closure is applied to the prediction of a homogeneous turbulent shear flow laden with mono-size particles. The closure is curried out based on a 'two-fluid' methodology in which both carrier and dispersed phases are considered in the Eulerian frame. To reduce the number of coupled differential equations to be solved, Reynolds stress transport equations and algebraic stress models are judiciously combined to obtain the Reynolds stress of carrier and dispersed phases in the mean momentum equation. That is, the Reynolds stress components for carrier and dispersed phases are solved by modelled transport equations, but the fluid-particle velocity covariance tensors are treated by the algebraic models. The present predictions for all the components of Reynolds stresses are compared to the DNS data. Reasonable agreements are observed in all the components, and the effects of the coupling of carrier and dispersed phases are properly captured in every aspects.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

The objective of the present work is to improve numerical predictions of unsteady turbulent swirling flows in the draft tubes of hydraulic power plants. We present Large Eddy Simulation (LES) results on a simplified draft tube consisting of a straight conical diffuser. The basis of LES is to solve the large scales of motion, which contain most of the energy, while the small scales are modeled. LES strategy is here preferred to the average equations strategies (RANS models) because it resolves directly the most energetic part of the turbulent flow. LES is now recognized as a powerful tool to simulate real applications in several engineering fields which are more and more frequently found. However, the cost of large-eddy simulations of wall bounded flows is still expensive. Bypass methods are investigated to perform high-Reynolds-number LES at a reasonable cost. In this study, computations at a Reynolds number about 2 $10^5$ are presented. This study presents the result of a new near-wall model for turbulent boundary layer taking into account the streamwise pressure gradient (adverse or favorable). Validations are made based on simple channel flow, without any pressure gradient and on the data base ERCOFTAC. The experiments carried out by Clausen et al. [1] reproduce the essential features of the complex flow and are used to develop and test closure models for such flows.