• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.4013-4026
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• 1996

A numerical simulation has been carried out for the jet impinging on a flat plate and a semi-circular concave surface. In this computation finite volume method was employed to solve the full Navier-Stokes equation based on a non-orthogonal coordinate with non staggered variable arrangement. The standard k-.epsilon. turbulent model and low Reynolds number k-.epsilon. model(Launder-Sharmar model) with Yap's correction were adapted. The accuracy of the numerical calculations were compared with various experimental data reported in the literature and showed good predictions of centerline velocity decay, wall pressure distribution and skin friction. For the jet impingement on a semi-circular concave surface, potential core length was calculated for two different nozzle(round edged nozzle and rectangular edged nozzle) to consider effects of the nozzle shape. The result showed that round edged nozzle had longer potential core length than rectangular edged nozzle for the same condition. Heat transfer rate along the concave surface with constant heat flux was calculated for various nozzle exit to surface distance(H/B) in the condition of same jet velocity. The maximum local Nusselt number at the stagnation point occurred at H/B = 8 where the centerline turbulent intensity had maximum value. The predicted Nusselt number showed good agreement with the experimental data at the stagnation point. However heat transfer predictions along the downstream were underestimated. This results suggest that the improved turbulence modeling is required.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.409-418
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• 2014

Simulation of flow past a complex marine structure requires a fine resolution in the vicinity of the structure, whereas a coarse resolution is enough far away from it. Therefore, a lot of grid cells may be wasted, when a simple Cartesian grid system is used for an Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). To alleviate this problems while maintaining the Cartesian frame work, we adopted an Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) scheme where the grid system dynamically and locally refines as needed. In this study, We implemented a moving IBM and an AMR technique in our basic 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes solver. A Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to effectively treat the free surface, and a recently developed Lagrangian Dynamic Subgrid-scale Model (LDSM) was incorporated in the code for accurate turbulence modeling. To capture vortex induced vibration accurately, the equation for the structure movement and the governing equations for fluid flow were solved at the same time implicitly. Also, We have developed an interface by using AutoLISP, which can properly distribute marker particles for IBM, compute the geometrical information of the object, and transfer it to the solver for the main simulation. To verify our numerical methodology, our results were compared with other authors' numerical and experimental results for the benchmark problems, revealing excellent agreement. Using the verified code, we investigated the following cases. (1) simulating flow around a floating sphere. (2) simulating flow past a marine structure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2004

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a solid-liquid separation process that uses fine rising bubbles to remove particles in water. Most of particle-bubble collision occurs in the DAF contact zone. This initial contact considered by the researchers to play a important role for DAF performance. It is hard to make up conceptual model through simple mass balance for estimating collision efficiency in the contact zone because coupled behavior of the solid-liquid-gas phase in DAF system is 90 complicate. In this study, 2-phase(gas-liquid) flow equations for the conservation of mass, momentum and turbulence quantities were solved using an Eulerian-Eulerian approach based on the assumption that very small particle is applied in the DAF system. For the modeling of turbulent 2-phase flow in the reactor, the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ mode I(liquid phase) and zero-equation(gas phase) were used in CFD code because it is widely accepted and the coefficients for the model are well established. Particle-bubble collision efficiency was calculated using predicted turbulent energy dissipation rate and gas volume fraction. As the result of this study, the authors concluded that bubble size and recycle ratio play important role for flow pattern change in the reactor. Predicted collision efficiency using CFD showed good agreement with measured removal efficiency in the contact zone. Also, simulation results indicated that collision efficiency at 15% recycle ratio is higher than that of 10% and showed increasing tendency of the collision efficiency according to the decrease of the bubble size.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2017

The present paper describes the flow analysis of the flows around the multicopter for the selection of optimal position of air data sensor. For the flow analysis, the commercial fluid dynamics solver, STAR-CCM+ was used with polygon mesh and k-w SST turbulence modeling options. For the simulation of each rotating 4 propellers, unstructured overset mesh method was used. Hovering, forward flight, ascending and descending flight conditions are selected for the analysis and airspeed and flow angle errors were investigated using the CFD results. Through the flow field analysis, sensor location above one propeller diameter distance from the propeller rotating plane showed airspeed error less than 1m/s within the typical flight conditions of multicopter except descending.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-174
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• 2013

The effect of modifying the shape of a high-performance EMU train on the aerodynamic drag is studied here using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) based on three dimensional Steady-state Navier-Stokes equation and two equation turbulence modeling. FLUENT 12 and Gambit 2.4.6 are employed for a numerical simulation of the aerodynamic drag of a streamlined-shape train as well as a proto type train. The characteristics of the aerodynamic drag of trains in tunnels are analyzed in a comparison with these characteristics in an open space. The contribution of the aerodynamic drag of each case is also investigated to establish principal pertaining to drag reduction for urban trains in tunnels. The aerodynamic drag of a streamlined train was reduced to 9.8% relative to a proto-type train with a blunt nose and a protruding roof facility and underbody shape: the running resistance is expected to be reduced by as much as 4% at a running speed of 80km/h.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.656-661
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• 2010

Lead-alloys are very attractive nuclear coolants due to their thermo-hydraulic, chemical, and neutronic properties. By utilizing the HELIOS (Heavy Eutectic liquid metal Loop for Integral test of Operability and Safety of PEACER$^2$) facility, a thermal hydraulic benchmarking study has been conducted for the prediction of pressure loss in lead-alloy cooled advanced nuclear energy systems (LACANES). The loop has several complex components that cannot be readily characterized with available pressure loss correlations. Among these components is the core, composed of a vessel, a barrel, heaters separated by complex spacers, and the plenum. Due to the complex shape of the core, its pressure loss is comparable to that of the rest of the loop. Detailed CFD simulations employing different CFD codes are used to determine the pressure loss, and it is found that the spacers contribute to nearly 90 percent of the total pressure loss. In the system codes, spacers are usually accounted for; however, due to the lack of correlations for the exact spacer geometry, the accuracy of models relies strongly on assumptions used for modeling spacers. CFD can be used to determine an appropriate correlation. However, application of CFD also requires careful choice of turbulence models and numerical meshes, which are selected based on extensive experience with liquid metal flow simulations for the KALLA lab. In this paper consistent results of CFX and Star-CD are obtained and compared to measured data. Measured data of the pressure loss of the core are obtained with a differential pressure transducer located between the core inlet and outlet at a flow rate of 13.57kg/s.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

In the present study, the model-scale Propeller Open Water (POW) tests for the propeller of 176K bulk carrier and 8600TEU container ship were conducted through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. In order to solve the incompressible viscous flow field, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RaNS) equations were employed as the governing equations. The γ-Reθ(gamma-Re-theta) transition model combined with the SST k-ωturbulence model was introduced to describe the laminar-turbulence transition considering the low Reynolds number of model-scale. Firstly, the flow simulation developing over a flat plate was performed to verify the transition modeling, in which the wall shear stresses were compared with experiments and other numerical results. Then, to investigate the effect of the model, the CFD simulation for the POW test was performed and the simulated propeller performance was validated through comparison with the experiment conducted at Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3310-3316
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• 2022

Owing to the rising concerns about the safety of nuclear power plants (NPP), it is essential to study the venturi scrubber in detail, which is a key component of the filtered containment venting system (FCVS). FCVS alleviates the pressurein containment byfiltering and venting out the contaminated air. Themain objective of this research was to perform a CFD investigation of different configurations of a circular, non-submerged, self-priming venturi scrubber to estimate and improve the performance in the removal of elemental iodine from the air. For benchmarking, a mass transfer model which is based on two-film theory was selected and validated by experimental data where an alkaline solution was considered as the scrubbing solution. This mass transfer model was modified and implemented on a unique formation of two self-priming venturi scrubbers in series. Euler-Euler method was used for two-phase modeling and the realizable K-ε model was used for capturing the turbulence. The obtained results showed a remarkable improvement in the removal of radioactive iodine from the air using a series combination of venturi scrubbers. The removal efficiency was improved at every single data point.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.149-149
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• 2020

하천에서 물 흐름이 보와 댐과 같은 수공구조물을 지날 때 일반적으로 흐름상태에 다양하고 급진적인 변화가 발생한다. 특히 흐름이 구조물을 지나면서 사류(supercritical flow)로 변하고 다시 상류(subcritical flow)로 복원되면서 일어나는 도수(hydraulic jump) 현상은 수위의 급변화, 흐름 에너지 소산, 변동성이 강한 압력 분포 등이 특징이다. 이러한 흐름 특성들은 보나 여수로와 같은 수공구조물 자체의 성능뿐만 아니라 이들 수공구조물의 하류에서 발생하는 국부세굴로 인해 구조물의 안정성에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 수공구조물을 설계할 때는 이들 구조물을 통과하는 흐름의 비정상 난류 흐름 특성을 정확하게 해석하여 반영하여야 한다. 이 연구에서는 k-omega SST 난류 모형과 자유수면의 급격한 변동을 해석하기 위한 하이브리드-VOF(hybrid volume of fluid)기법을 이용하여 도수현상을 수치적으로 재현하고자 한다. 기존 CFD(computational fluid Dynamics) 모델링에서는 자유수면 변동의 영향을 고려하기 위해 VOF 기법을 많이 사용하였다. 하지면 전통적인 VOF 기법은 다상흐름(multiphase flow)을 오직 부피분율(volume fraction)의 함수로만 고려하며 모의함으로써 강한 수면변동뿐만 아니라 공기연행(air entrainment)를 동반하는 난류 흐름을 모의하는데는 한계가 있다. 이 연구에서 이용하는 Eulerian 기법인 하이브리드 VOF 기법은 물과 공기의 각 상에 대하여 흐름 특성들을 개별적으로 계산하기 때문에 공기연행을 포함한 급변류 흐름에서 전통적인 VOF 기법보다 적용성이 우수하다. 이와 같은 난류모형과 자유수면 포착기법을 이용하여 3차원 비정상 난류 흐름 수치모형을 구축하여 수공구조물 주변에서 발생하는 강한 공기연행과 난류 특성를 보이는 급변류를 수치적으로 재현한다. 이 연구는 계산된 수치해석 결과를 기존 수리실험 결과와 비교하여 수치모형의 적용성을 평가하고 도수 현상에서 발생하는 독특한 흐름 특성을 제시한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3B
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• pp.231-237
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• 2009

This study presents a numerical model to simulate density currents developing two dimensionally. The ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ model is used for the turbulence closure. Elliptic flow equations are solved by the finite volume method. In order to investigate the applicability of the numerical model, discontinuous density currents are simulated numerically. The vortices due to the instability at the interface are simulated, showing a good agreement with the experimental visualizations in the literature. It is also investigated that the transition from slumping phase to inertial phase occurs when a bore generated at the end wall overtakes the front. However, the propagation of the density current is retarded compared with the experimental results. Two-dimensional modeling seems to have an effect on underestimating the front velocity of the density current.