• 대한화약발파공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한화약발파공학회 2004년도 발파기술워크샵
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• pp.77-95
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• 2004

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2010

도심지 특성상 주변구조물에 근접한 발파로 발생되는 지반진동은 인체에 간접피해와 구조물에 물적피해를 줄 수 있다. 설계단계 또는 시공 전 민원발생 시 구조물의 피해정도를 평가하는 방법으로는 단순 진동파형을 정량적으로 표현하는데 가장 접근성이 좋은 시추공 발파시험이 주로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구는 소량의 폭약으로 인위적인 진동에너지를 발생시키는 발파시험에 전자뇌관 기폭시스템을 처음 적용하였다. 전기뇌관 시추공 발파와 전자뇌관 시추공발파의 뇌관 지연시차 상관관계, 시험장소의 터널본선과 유사 암층에 시설된 구조물에서 측정한 PPV와 서로 다른 매개 층을 포함한 터널상부 지상도로에서 측정한 PPV의 상관관계, 기존 연구결과 얻어진 시추공발파 및 터널발파 PPV와의 상관관계를 비교 분석하여 시추공 발파의 유용성과 뇌관 지연시차의 중요성을 언급하고자 한다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.287-296
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• 1994

Safety-related structures of power plants have to be protected against the effects of possible hazards and natural phenomena. Earthquakes are considered a major dynamic design loading as a requirement of plant design, but the effects of blast-induced vibratons are not. Due to the difficulties of obtaining construction site for new plants, following ones are inevitably being built in the site adjacent to existing power plants. Therefore considerable thought has been recently given to the dynamic loading generated by blasting works near the plants. In this paper, discussed is applicability of existing vibration standards and industrial codes to the blasting works near safety related structures. Also evaluated are the parameters for the safe vibration limits such as measure of vibration level, frequency consideration, structure response, propagation equation, etc.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2020

노천채광에서 경제적인 채광을 위한 채광장 형성은 매우 중요하며, 대규모 채광을 위한 발파작업은 사면의 안정성에 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 이에 대한 고려가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 사면설계와 발파 조건을 달리하면서 사면 안정성에 미치는 영향 인자의 기여율을 검토하였다. 설계인자는 암반의 물성, 사면각도, 벤치높이이며, 발파 조건은 장약량과 거리를 달리하여 반영하였다. 사면의 안전율은 3차원 모델링을 통해 전단강도감소기법으로 산출하였으며, 기여율은 암반사면의 물성이 94.8%로 다른 설계인자들에 비해 상대적으로 높았으며, 사면각도 0.89%, 벤치높이 0.58%, 발파는 3.73% 정도의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 사면과 근접거리에서의 발파는 사면의 안정성에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 1995

NATM as method of tunneling has been applied to construction of domestic subway, roads, rail way, water way etc. Accordingly, we have NATM's many drafts and constructional results, but many problems and accidents have occurred under construction of tunnel using NATM for shortage of technical data. Poorness of constructional improvement, systemic inconsistency etc. Especially, everyone was shocked at Gupo's train wrecking accident lately. The purpose of this thesis is presentation of means for setting technical problems, by looking into Gupo's train wrecking accident and home records that applying NATM in tunneling failed, to minimize future safety accidents we find that the general problems of home fifteen sites having occured accidents is badly geological survey, nonconfirmationi of base rock's state, formal measuring management, shortage of specialists, systemical discrepancy and that disregarding NATM's rules makes general problems. The results of this study are Summarised as follows : 1. We advise repletion of design standards to practice crosshole test for confirming connected rock base on vertical section of tunnel. 2. We advise to practice pre0boring and pre-grouting for a weak layer difficult in applying NATM. 3. We advise systemic improvements that field servicer can construct tunnel of his own free will considering base rock's state at tunnel . 4. We advise that specialist, who can make a conduct and supervise above mentioned items as well as measuring management, should be posted at field.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.9-22
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• 2006

길이가 대단히 짧은 터널을 제외하고는 터널을 시공하는 경우 일반적으로 인위적인 환기시스템이 필요하다. 특히 장대터널의 경우 굴착 진행에 따라 적절한 환기시스템을 조합해서 사용하는 것이 효과적이다. 터널 연장이 4,580m인 능동터널은 본래 송기식을 사용하는 것으로 설계를 했지만, 굴착이 진행됨에 따라 송기식만으로 환기하는 데에는 한계가 예상되어 별도의 방식 검토를 수행하였다. 굴착중 터널의 소요환기량을 산정하고 이 소요환기량과 선택가능한 여러 가지 경우의 환기조합방식을 사례볕로 구성한 뒤 환기량과 유동성을 해석하고 비교함으로써 경제적으로도 우수한 최적의 환기조합안을 도출하였다. 환기시스템을 결정하기 위하여 각 환기시스템에 대한 경제적 효율성 평가를 수행하였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1532-1548
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• 2008

The tunnel type spillways is under construction to increasing water reservoir capacity in Dae-am dam. The tunnel outlet was planned to be made after installing slope stabilization system on natural slope there. Generally, the tunnel outlet is made perpendicularly to the slope, but in this case, it had to be made obliquely to the slope for not interrupting flow of river. Because of excavation in condition of natural slope caused to deflecting earth pressure, the outlet couldn't be made. So, artificial ground made with concrete that it was constructed in the outside of tunnel for producing the arching effect which enables to make a outlet. We were planned tunnel excavation was carried out after artificial ground made. Artificial ground made by poor mix concrete of which it was planned that the thickness was at least 3.0m height from outside of tunnel lining and 30cm of height per pouring. Spreading and compaction was planned utilized weight of 15 ton roller machine. In order to access of working truck, slope of artificial ground was designed 1:1.0 and applied 2% slope in upper pert of it for easily drainage of water. In addition to, upper pert of artificial ground was covered with soil, because of impaction of rock fall from upper slope was made minimum. The tunnel excavation of the artificial ground was designed application with special blasting method that it was Super Wedge and control blasting utilized with pre-percussion hole.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.197-208
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• 1996

Due to the constraints in pre site-investigation for tunnel, it is essential to redesign the support structures suitable for rock mass conditions such as rock strength, ground water and discontinuity conditions for safe tunnel construction. For the selection of optimum support, it is very important to carry out the rock mass classification and in-situ measurement in tunnelling. In this paper, in a mountain tunnel designed by NATM in hard rock, the selectable system for optimum support has been studied. The tunnel is situated at Chun-an in Kyungbu highspeed railway line with 2 lanes over a length of 4, 020 m and a diameter of 15 m. The tunnel was constructed by drill & blasting method and long bench cut method, designed five types of standard support patterns according to rock mass conditions. In this tunnel, face mapping based on image processing of tunnel face and rock mass classification by RMR carried out for the quantitative evaluation of the characteristics of rock mass and compared with rock mass classes in design. Also, in-situ measurement of convergence and crown settlement conducted about 30 m interval, assessed the stability of tunnel from the analysis of monitoring data. Through the results of rock mass classification and in-situ measurement in several sections, the design of supports were modified for the safe and economic tunnelling.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

최근 국내 터널현장에서 기계식 장전장비를 활용한 벌크에멀전 (bulk emulsion) 폭약의 수요가 증가되면서 국내 암반 및 주변여건에 적합한 발파의 합리적인 설계기준이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재까지 국내에서 기계식 장전장비를 활용한 벌크에멀젼 폭약을 적용하여 시공한 사례 중 굴진효율 및 여굴량이 양호한 발파결과를 근거로 암반등급별 최적 비장약량과 영역별 적정 장약량을 검토하였다. 또한, 조건을 만족하는 발파결과를 분석하여 RMR 암반분류와 벌크에멀젼 폭약의 최적 비장약량과의 상관식 $({\Upsilon}= 0.669 + (0.0154{\times}RMR),\;r=0.81)$을 얻었고, 영역별로 천공장 변화에 따른 적정 장약량 범위를 산출하였다.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 1994

This is a Double-Track Railway tunnel in typical Tae-Gu black and gray shale forming part of the No.1 Line of the Tae-Gu Subway. The main fault zone at tunnel is a moderately to highly weathered and closely jointed zone, 0.5 m wide with associated paralled jointing which is slickensided and fractured. After excavation by blasting, the soft rocks should need to be reinforced with optimal supporting pattern which might be better redesigned through the consideration of the results of in-situ rock measurements at the field. Performances fo the field tests included Point Load Test, Schmidt Hammer Test, and field joint measurement gave the detail data for the optimum support design and safe excavation of the No.1 Line of Tae-Gu Subway at the No.1-7 consturction site adn the safety of this redesigned supports system was analysed by the FDM program FLAC.