• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.665-674
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• 2016

We designed and fabricated a semiconductor optical amplifier-integrated dual-mode laser (SOA-DML) as a compact and widely tunable continuous-wave terahertz (CW THz) beat source, and a pin-photodiode (pin-PD) integrated with a log-periodic planar antenna as a CW THz emitter. The SOA-DML chip consists of two distributed feedback lasers, a phase section for a tunable beat source, an amplifier, and a tapered spot-size converter for high output power and fiber-coupling efficiency. The SOA-DML module exhibits an output power of more than 15 dBm and clear four-wave mixing throughout the entire tuning range. Using integrated micro-heaters, we were able to tune the optical beat frequency from 380 GHz to 1,120 GHz. In addition, the effect of benzocyclobutene polymer in the antenna design of a pin-PD was considered. Furthermore, a dual active photodiode (PD) for high output power was designed, resulting in a 1.7-fold increase in efficiency compared with a single active PD at 220 GHz. Finally, herein we successfully show the feasibility of the CW THz system by demonstrating THz frequency-domain spectroscopy of an ${\alpha}$-lactose pellet using the modularized SOA-DML and a PD emitter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1653-1668
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• 2005

Assembly of hybrid mesophases through the combination of amphiphilic block copolymers, acting as structuredirecting agents, and silicon sources using low acid catalyst concentration regimes is a versatile strategy to produce large quantities of high-quality ordered large-pore mesoporous silicas in a very reproducible manner. Controlling structural and textural properties is proven to be straightforward at low HCl concentrations with the adjustment of synthesis gel composition and the option of adding co-structure-directing molecules. In this account, we illustrate how various types of large-pore mesoporous silica can easily be prepared in high phase purity with tailored pore dimensions and tailored level of framework interconnectivity. Silica mesophases with two-dimensional hexagonal (p6mm) and three-dimensional cubi (Fm$\overline{3}$m, Im$\overline{3}$m and Ia$\overline{3}$d) symmetries are generated in aqueous solution by employing HCl concentrations in the range of 0.1−0.5 M and polyalkylene oxide-based triblock copolymers such as Pluronic P123 $(EO_{20}-PO_{70}-EO_{20})$ and Pluronic F127 $(EO_{106}-PO_{70}-EO_{106})$. Characterizations by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy show that the mesoporous materials all possess high specific surface areas, high pore volumes and readily tunable pore diameters in narrow distribution of sizes ranging from 4 to 12 nm. Furthermore, we discuss our recent advances achieved in order to extend widely the phase domains in which single mesostructures are formed. Emphasis is put on the first synthetic product phase diagrams obtained in $SiO_2$-triblock copolymer-BuOH-$H_2O$ systems, with tuning amounts of butanol and silica source correspondingly. It is expected that the extended phase domains will allow designed synthesis of mesoporous silicas with targeted characteristics, offering vast prospects for future applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.44-49
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• 1974

reactance modulator composed of multi-stage phase modulator utilizing VVC diodes as variable reactance elements and an oscillartor-modulator, utilizing a VVC diode as a tuning element, coupled to a crystal resonator through an artificial λ/4 network are introduced and their characteristics as FM modulator are compared mutually from the practical view points. especially, to get high modulation sensitivity of reactance modulators using VVC diodes, making a multi-stage modulation distortion characteristics of multi-stage modulator was necessary. The harmonic moj\dulationdistorion characteristics of multi-stage reactance modulator is analized in detall. Multi-stage reachance modulator is preferable to maintain sufficiently stable carrier frequency over the wide range of temperature and a mobile-transceiver was made through this method. On the other hand, FM-Quartz oscillator using a VVc diode is suitavle for handy-talkies of good quality were made through this method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

In this paper, the metamaterial transmission line (TL) based on the complementary spiral resonators (CSRs) and interdigital structure is presented for reducing the phase noise of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The metamaterial TL is realized by adopting the array of the CSRs etched on the ground plane and the interdigital transmission line on the signal plane. The interdigital TL on the signal plane has been used to obtain higher Q value than the conventional TL without the interdigital structure. The resonance properties and inherent saturation of Q value of the proposed metamaterial TL have been analyzed by varying the width of the TL on the signal plane, dimensions of the CSRs, current directions between the CSRs, number of the unit cell-pair of the CSRs, and whether or not there is the interdigital structure in this paper. The phase noise and tuning range of the proposed VCO are -127.50~-125.33 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 5.744~5.852 GHz.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

This paper presents a tunable band pass filter (BPF) for multi bio-signal detection. The bandwidth can be controlled by the bias current of transconductance (gm), while conventional BPF exploited switchable capacitor array for band selection. With this design technique, the die area of proposed BPF reduced to at least one tenth the area of conventional design. The simulation results show the high cut-off frequency tuning range of from 100Hz to 1Khz. The circuit was implemented with a 0.18um CMOS standard technology. Total current consumption is 1uA at the supply voltage of 1V with sub-threshold design technique.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

Dithering scheme has been widely used to improve the resolution of DCO(Digitally Controlled Oscillator) in conventional ADPLLs(All Digital Phase Locked Loop). In this paper a new resolution improvement scheme is proposed where a simple DAC is employed to overcome the problems of dithering scheme. A 2.4GHz LC-based DCO has been designed in a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process with an enhanced frequency resolution for wireless local area network applications. It has a frequency tuning range of 900MHz and a resolution of 58.8Hz. The frequencies are controled by varactors in coarse, fine, and DAC bank. The DAC bank consists of an inversion mode NMOS varactor. The other varactor banks consist of PMOS varactors. Each varactor bank is controlled by 8bit digital signal. The designed DCO exhibits a phase noise of -123.8dBc/Hz at 1MHz frequency offset. The DCO core consumes 4.2mA from 1.2V supply.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.13-19
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• 2004

The VCO(Voltage Controlled Oscillator) with low phase noise and high reliability is implemented using nonlinear design, and its phase noise characteristics are compared with that of Lesson's equation. The microstripline coupled with dielectric resonator is realized as a high impedance inverter to improve the phase noise, and the qualify factor of resonator circuit can be transferred to active device with the enhanced the loaded quality factor. The worst case and part stress analyses are achieved to obtain the high reliability of VCO. The developed VCO has the oscillating tuning factor of 0.56MHz/V for the control voltage range of 0$\~$12V This VCO requires the DC power of 160mW. The phase noise characteristics exhibit good performances of -96.51dBc/Hz @ 10KHz and -116.3dBc/Hz @ 100KHz, respectively. And, the output power of 7.33 dBm is measured.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.231-237
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• 2016

This paper presents a multiband low phase noise CMOS VCO with wide frequency tunability using switched bondwire inductor bank. The combination of bondwire inductor and CMOS switch transistor enhances frequency tunability and improves phase noise characteristics. The proposed multiband VCO operates from 2.3GHz to 6.3GHz with phase noise of -136dBc/Hz and -122dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency, respectively. Switched bondwire inductor bank shows high quality factor(Q) at each frequency band, which allows better tradeoff between phase noise and power consumption. The proposed VCO is designed in TSMC 0.18um CMOS process and consumes 7.2 mW power resulting in figure of merit(FOM) of -189.3dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from 6GHz carrier frequency.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2009

Electrospinning process is the useful and unique method to produce nanofibers from metal precursor and polymer solution by controlled viscosity. In this study, the NiZn ferrite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning with a aqueous metal salts/polymer solution that contained polyvinyl pyrrolidone and Fe (III) chloride, Ni (II) acetate tetrahydrate and zinc acetate dihydrate in N,N-dimethylformamide. The applied electric field and spurting rate for spinning conditions were 10 kV, 2 ml/h, respectively. The obtained fibers were treated at $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 h to remove the polymer. Finally, the NiZn ferrite fibers were calcined at $600^{\circ}C$ for 3 h and annealed at $900{\sim}1200^{\circ}C$ in air. By tuning the viscosity of batch solution before electrospinning, we were able to control the microstructure of NiZn ferrite fiber in the range of $150{\sim}500\;nm$ at 770 cP. The primary particle size in $600^{\circ}C$ calcined ferrite fiber was about 10 nm. The properties of those NiZn ferrite fibers were determined from X-ray diffraction analysis, electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and magnetic measurement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.1543-1551
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• 2011

Dithering scheme has been widely used to improve the resolution of DCO(Digitally Controlled Oscillator) in conventional ADPLLs(All Digital Phase Locked Loop). In this paper a new resolution improvement scheme is proposed where a simple DAC(Digital-to-Analog Converter) is employed to overcome the problems of dithering scheme. The frequencies are controled by varactors in coarse, fine, and DAC bank. The DAC bank consists of an inversion mode NMOS varactor. The other varactor banks consist of PMOS varactors. Each varactor bank is controlled by 8bit digital signal. The proposed DCO has been designed in a $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process. Measurement results shows that the designed DCO oscillates in 2.8GHz~3.5GHz and has a frequency tuning range of 660MHz and a resolution of 73Hz at 2.8GHz band. The designed DCO exhibits a phase noise of -119dBc/Hz at lMHz frequency offset. The DCO core consumes 4.2mA from l.2V supply. The chip area is $1.3mm{\times}1.3mm$ including pads.