• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2023

This study is to determine the regulation of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) by edaravone in mice with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). C57BL/6J mice were reared in a hypoxic chamber. HPH mice were treated with edaravone or edaravone + L-NMMA (a NOS inhibitor). Lung tissue was collected for histological assessment, apoptosis analysis, and detection of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and NOS3. The levels of serum TNF-α and IL-6 were also measured. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) in pulmonary arterioles. Edaravone treatment improved hemodynamics, inhibited right ventricular hypertrophy, increased NOS3 expression, and reduced pathological changes, pulmonary artery wall thickness, apoptotic pulmonary cells, oxidative stress, and the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and α-SMA in HPH mice. L-NMMA treatment counteracted the lung protective effects of edaravone. In conclusion, edaravone might reduce lung damage in HPH mice by increasing the expression of NOS3.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.2984-2996
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• 2023

A 100 kW thermal power pool-type light water reactor and Pu(Be) as a fast neutron source were used to determine the appropriate carrier for irradiating boron-containing samples with neutron beams. The tested materials (carriers) were subjected to neutron beams in the reactor's tangential channel. The geometrical arrangement of experimental facilities relative to the neutron beam trajectory, as well as the effect of sample thickness on the count rate, were investigated. The majority of the detectable charged particles emitted by the neutron beam's interaction with tested materials and the detector's detecting layer are protons (recoiled hydrogen) and particles generated in nuclear reactions (protons and alpha particles), respectively. Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM) software was used to do theoretical calculations for the range of expected released particles in various materials, including human tissue. The results of measurement and calculation are in good agreement. According to experiments and theoretical calculations, the number of protons emitted by tissue-like materials may commit a dose comparable to that of boron capture reactions. Furthermore, the range of protons is significantly larger than that of alpha particles, which most probably changes dose distribution in healthy cells surrounding the tumor, which is undesirable in the BNCT approach.

• 방사선산업학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.489-499
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• 2023

Isoegomaketone(IK), isolated from the radiation-induced mutant cultivar of Perilla frutescens var. crispa, is a major phytochemical compound that has attracted attention in pharmacological research. In this study, we demonstrated that IK exerts anti-inflammatory and protective effects on human mast cells and in an atopic dermatitis mouse model. IK inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8 expression in human mast cells (HMC-1) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate(PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI). IK significantly reduced the PMACI-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK, but not p38. IK also inhibited the PMACI-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. Oral administration of IK in atopic dermatitis mouse model ameliorated skin inflammation severity, as measured by skin thickness and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels such as TNF-α, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-13. These results might suggest that IK is a potent therapeutic agent against skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Objectives This study was designed to evaluate the healing effect of Cordyceps Militaris (CM) on collagen II-induced arthritis rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (normal, control, positive control, CM with low/medium/high dosage each). Type II collagen mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (with 1:1 v/v) was injected subcutaneously, and the mixture was injected in a same manner one week after the first injection to boost arthritis. Arthritis index, paw thickness and von Frey test were conducted to observe physical changes. hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to observe knee cartilage. The levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of interleukin (IL)-1𝛽, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-𝛼) in spleen were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that occurs on multiple joints and can lead to temporary shape change of bones or organ failure in severe cases. Here, we aimed to determine the effect of CM extract on rheumatoid arthritis by measuring paw thickness, arthritis index, conducting von Frey test and H&E staining, and evaluating the level of IL-1𝛽, IL-6, TNF-𝛼. As a result, paw thickness, arthritis index significantly decreased in low concentration group, hind leg became less sensitive in all expermental groups. Also, histological analysis showed that the damage of knee cartilage was prevented in all experimental groups. The level of mRNA of IL-1𝛽, IL-6, and TNF-𝛼 in spleen was analyzed to decide the effectiveness of CM extract. IL-1𝛽 did not show significant change, but IL-6 and TNF-𝛼 showed significant decrease in at least one of the experimental groups. Conclusions CM showed protective effect on knee tissue destruction and improved the physical conditions of the leg involving arthritis. Also, it showed that CM has anti-inflammatory effect on specific cytokines inducing rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the therapeutic potential of CM for the treatment rheumatoid arthritis, and set the foundation for the further studies.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.191-199
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• 2008

폐암 환자에서 폐의 앞쪽, 폐의 중간부위, 폐의 뒤쪽, 그리고 몸의 mediastinum 부위의 위치에 따라 광자선 에너지 6 MV와 10 MV를 사용하여 세기조절방사선치료를 계획하여 에너지에 따른 PTV와 폐와 척수에 조사되는 선량분포와 Dose Volume Histogram (DVH)의 특성을 비교 검토하였다. 본원이 보유하고 있는 폐암 환자 치료용 방사선치료기는 120 다엽 콜리메이터가 부착된 선형가속장치(Varian 21 EX-s, USA)이며, 광자선 에너지는 6 MV와 10 MV가 출력되며, 방사선치료 계획은 역방향치료계획이 가능한 ECLIPSE 시스템(Varian, SomaVision 6.5, USA)을 사용하였다. 폐암 환자들의 planning CT는 3 mm 두께로 단층촬영 영상을 획득하였으며, 획득한 단층촬영 영상은 Varis 시스템으로 전송하여 ECLIPSE 시스템에서 치료계획을 시행하였다. 세기조절방사선치료법의 방선선치료계획은 종양의 부위에 따라 다양한 각도를 사용하였고, 빔의 개수도 종양의 크기와 위치에 따라 다양하게 하였다. 폐암 환자에서 종양의 위치에 따라 10 MV와 6 MV의 에너지에 대한 선량분포 특성을 비교해 본 결과 폐암에서 종양의 위치에 관계없이 최대선량에서 10 MV 에너지가 6 MV 에너지에 비해 1.2% 적게 나타났으며, MU에서도 10에서 25 정도의 MU 감소 효과가 있었다. 폐에 조사되는 방사선량은 V20이 30% 미만은 만족하고 있지만 10 MV 에너지에 비해 6 MV 에너지에서 0.1%에서 0.5% 정도 적게 조사되었다. 척수에 조사되는 방사선량은 10 MV 에너지에 비해 6 MV 에너지에서 0.6%에서 2.1% 정도 적게 조사되었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2014

Background Cutaneous malignant melanoma has a poor prognosis. The detrimental effect of incisional biopsies on the outcome of malignant melanoma has been debated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence and type of biopsy on the prognosis of malignant melanoma. Methods The medical records of 109 malignant melanoma patients treated at Tokushima University Hospital from 1983 to 2007 were reviewed. After excluding 28 cases with stage 0 disease or incomplete data, 81 cases were analyzed in detail with respect to patient sex, age, tumor site, clinical stage at diagnosis, presence of ulceration or lymph node metastasis, and prognosis. The five-year survival and five-year disease-free survival rates of patients who underwent incisional or excisional biopsies were compared with those who did not undergo a biopsy. Results The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.19. The mean age was 61.3 years (range, 19-93 years). The most common site was a lower extremity, and the most common clinical stage was stage II. No significant differences in clinicopathological features, five-year survival rates, and five-year disease-free survival rates were observed among the three groups. Conclusions The presence and type of biopsy neither affected the metastatic rate nor the prognosis of malignant melanoma. The use of incisional biopsies is not encouraged because tumor thickness cannot be measured accurately. However, they may be helpful for confirming the diagnosis if an excisional biopsy cannot be performed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권8호
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• pp.1128-1136
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 참도박 에탄올 추출물(GEHEE)의 항염증 효과를 알아보기 위해 lipopolysaccharide에 의해 활성화된 대식세포로부터 분비되는 염증매개인자들의 발현량과 마우스 모델을 이용한 귀 부종 및 조직학적 관찰 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과 염증을 유발하는 대표적 물질인 NO 및 사이토카인[interleukin(IL)-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ 및 tumor necrosis factor $receptor-{\alpha}$]의 분비량이 GEHEE 농도 의존적으로 유의적 감소를 보였다. 또한 전사인자인 nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$의 활성과 인산화효소인 mitogen-activated protein kinases(p38, JNK 및 ERK)의 발현량이 억제됨을 확인함에 따라 염증작용 기전에서 이들의 활성 억제가 NO 및 사이토카인 분비량 조절에 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. 동물모델을 이용한 실험에서는 croton oil로 부종을 유발한 마우스 귀 조직에 GEHEE를 처리하였을 때 항염증제인 prednisolone 처리구와 유사한 수준으로 경피 및 진피의 두께가 감소한 것을 확인하였으며, 조직 내 침윤되는 mast cell의 수도 현저히 억제됨을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 참도박 에탄올 추출물의 항염증 효능을 가진 기능성 소재로의 이용 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2009

배경: 양성 기형종은 대부분은 무증상이지만 적은 빈도에서 늑막, 심외막, 폐실질, 기관지 내로 파열 되어 심한 증상 유발과 함께 치료가 어려워 술 전 파열여부에 대한 정확한 진단이 수술적 치료에 있어서 중요하다. 따라서, 이 연구에서는 파열된 양성 기형종의 임상적 증상, 영상학적 소견과 수술적 소견에 대해서 알아보고 파열되지 않은 기형종과의 차이를 알아 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 24명의 완전 절제된 양성 기형종의 환자를 후향적으로 조사하였다. 수술 전 임상 증상, 흉부 CT 소견, 수술 소견과 수술 성적의 차이를 파열된 군과 파열되지 않은 두 군에서 비교하였다. 특히 흉부 CT 소견에서는 종괴 크기, 피막 두께, 종괴의 위치, 분엽 정도, 균일성, 종괴 내용물, 주위 장기와의 관계 등을 조사하였다. 결과: 총 24명의 환자에서 수술 소견 결과, 7명의 환자(29.2%)가 파열된 양성 기형종으로 진단되었다. 15명(62.5%)의 환자에서 술 전 흉통, 기침 등의 증상이 있었으며 파열된 양성 기형종에서 증상이 심하고 빈도가 높았으나 통계적으로 차이는 없었다(p=0.37). 흉부 CT 소견에서는 두 군간에 종괴의 크기, 피막 두께, 종괴의 위치, 분엽정도, 균일성에는 차이가 없었다. 하지만 석회화 정도와(p=0.04), 종괴 주변 소견으로 폐경화, 폐허탈의 빈도가 파열 양성 기형종에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(p=0.03). 파열된 양성 기형 종에서 수술적 접근은 모두 흉골 절개 또는 개흉술을 통해서 이루어 졌으며 동반된 폐절제 건수도 많았다. 결론: 술 전 흉부 CT는 파열된 기형종을 정확하게 진단할 수 있었고, 종괴 내에 석회화가 존재하거나 폐병변이 동반된 경우 파열된 기형종의 확률이 높았다. 따라서, 술 전 임상 소견 및 흉부 CT 소견에 의한 정확한 진단은 적절한 수술적 시기를 정하거나 접근 방법을 정하는 데에도 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

약물의 방출 경향을 제어할 목적으로 폴리비닐피롤리돈 (PVP) 또는 염화나트륨을 함유한 항암제 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine)/poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) 웨이퍼를 직접 압축성형 방법에 의해 직경 3 mm와 두께 1 mm의 조건으로 제조하였다. 생체외 방출실험에서 BCNLT/PLGA 웨이퍼로부터 약물 방출거동은 웨이퍼에 함유된 첨가제에 의해 조절할 수 있었다. BCNU의 초기 방출량과 방출속도 및 기간은 염화나트륨 또는 PVP의 첨가에 외해 변화하였다. 9L gliosarcoma세포를 이용한 생체 외 항암 활성 실험에서 첨가제가 함유된 웨이퍼로부터 방출된 BCNU를 처리한 세포의 생존율을 분석하여 평가했고, 그 결과 지속적으로 9L gliosarcoma세포의 성장을 억제함을 확인하였다. 9L gliosarcoma세포에 대한 첨가제 함유 BCNU/PLGA 웨이퍼로부터 방출된 BCNU 약효 검색을 통하여 웨이퍼로부터 BCNU가 지속적으로 방출되어 9L gliosarcoma세포의 생존과 증식을 효과적으로 억제함을 확인하였다. 특히, 첨가제 함유 BCNU/PLGA 웨이퍼의 지속적인 성장 억제는 첨가제를 함유하지 않은 웨이퍼의 것보다 더욱 효과적이었다. 또한 염화나트륨 함유 BCNU/PLGA 웨이퍼가 PVP 함유 BCNU/PLCA 웨이퍼보다 세포 증식 억제 효과가 뛰어남을 보였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Purpose: Clinical stage of gastric cancer is currently assessed by computed tomography. Accurate clinical staging is important for the tailoring of therapy. This study evaluated the accuracy of clinical N staging using stomach protocol computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and November 2012, 171 patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative stomach protocol computed tomography (Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju, Korea). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated cN staging using axial and coronal computed tomography images, and cN stage was matched with pathologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for clinical N staging and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results: The overall accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for cN staging was 63.2%. Computed tomography images of slice thickness 3.0 mm had a sensitivity of 60.0%; a specificity of 89.6%; an accuracy of 78.4%; and a positive predictive value of 78.0% in detecting lymph node metastases. Underestimation of cN stage was associated with larger tumor size (P<0.001), undifferentiated type (P=0.003), diffuse type (P=0.020), more advanced pathologic stage (P<0.001), and larger numbers of harvested and metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001 each). Tumor differentiation was an independent factor affecting underestimation by computed tomography (P=0.045). Conclusions: Computed tomography with a size criterion of 8 mm is highly specific but relatively insensitive in detecting nodal metastases. Physicians should keep in mind that computed tomography may not be an appropriate tool to detect nodal metastases for choosing appropriate treatment.