• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2012

목 적: 호흡에 의한 장기의 움직임이 큰 흉부와 상복부에 위치한 종양의 토모테라피 치료 시 움직임을 최소화하기 위해 노력으로 호흡 조절 시스템을 적용하지만 여러 제약이 따라 이용이 제한적이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 토모테라피 치료 시 효율적인 호흡 조절을 위한 ABCHES system의 적용 가능성 및 유용성을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에서 흉부와 상복부에 위치한 폐와 간, 쓸개, 췌장에 토모테라피 치료를 받은 5명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 환자에게 ABCHES를 사용하여 자유 호흡법과 얕은 호흡법을 각각 교육한 후 치료 계획용 4D-CT를 실시하여 총 10개의 4차원 단층촬영영상을 획득 하였다. 한명의 전공의는 각 영상의 최대 흡기, 최대 호기, 호흡의 중간 위상, Average CT이미지에서 육안적으로 보이는 종양과 주변 정상장기를 그렸으며 MIM에서 선량체적 히스토그램과 종양의 움직임에 대한 정량적 분석을 실시하였다. 자유 호흡과 얕은 호흡 상태에서 장기의 움직임은 총 여섯 방향에서 평가하였고 주변 장기에 조사된 방사선량을 비교하였다. 결 과: 5명의 환자 중 호흡 조절 장치인 ABCHES를 이용하여 자유 호흡과 얕은 호흡 상태에서 장기의 움직임이 5 mm 이상 움직인 호흡은 자유 호흡이 12번인 반면 얕은 호흡에서는 2번으로 감소되었다. 선량 체적 히스토그램을 통한 비교 분석 결과 두 호흡간 치료 체적과 종양조직 주변 정상 장기 2개의 평균 선량 값과 정상조직에 방사선이 조사되는 용적에서 ABCHES를 이용한 얕은 호흡이 자유 호흡에 비해 모두 낮은 치료 결과 값을 확인 할 수 있었다. 결 론: ABCHES를 사용하여 규칙적이고 정확한 얕은 호흡을 함으로써 토모테리피 치료 시 유용성과 호흡에 따른 종양의 움직임을 최소화 할 수 있음을 확인 하였고, 주변 정상조직에 불필요하게 조사되는 방사선을 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권10호
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• pp.440-444
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• 2014

Purpose: Febrile seizures are induced by fever and are the most common type of seizures in children. Although numerous studies have been performed on febrile seizures, their pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that cytokines may play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures. The present study was conducted to identify potential links between serum interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$), and febrile seizures. Methods: Ninety-two patients with simple or complex febrile seizures (46 patients per seizure type), and 46 controls with comparable age, sex, and severity of temperature were enrolled. Results: The median concentrations of serum IL-$1{\beta}$ in the simple, complex febrile seizure, and control groups were 0.05, 0.1, and 0.67 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001). Moreover, the median concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$ in the simple, complex febrile seizure, and control groups were 2.5, 1, and 61.5 pg/mL, respectively (P=0.001). Furthermore, there were significant differences between the case groups in serum IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: Unlike previous studies, our study does not support the hypothesis that increased IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ production is involved in the pathogenesis of febrile seizures.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2015

Background: Cancer has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing cancer burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the cancer incidence. Ginseng is known for its potential to treat various ailments in human beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of Panax ginseng against chemical-induced skin carcinogenesis in mammals. Methods: Skin tumors were induced in Swiss albino mice by a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ($100{\mu}g/100{\mu}L$ acetone) and, 2 wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% acetone) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16 wk). Hydroalcoholic ginseng root extract at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the periinitiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. Results: Ginseng root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in tumor incidence, cumulative number of tumors, tumor yield, and tumor burden, as compared to the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, vitamin C, and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with ginseng root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that P. ginseng has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce cancer in mammals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2793-2796
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• 2014

Background: Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is a highly aggressive tumor with median survival of approximately 14 months. Management consists of maximal surgical resection followed by post-operative chemoradiation with concurrent then adjuvant temozolamide. The standard radiotherapy dose is 60Gy in 2-Gy fractions recommended by the radiation therapy oncology group (RTOG). With the vast majority of tumor recurrences occurring within the previous irradiation field and the poor outcome associated with standard therapy, regimens designed to deliver higher radiation doses to improve local control and enhance survival are needed. In this study, we report a single institutional experience in treatment of 68 consecutive patients with GBM, treated with resection, and given post-operative radiotherapy followed by concurrent and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: Of the 80 patients who entered this study, 68 completed the treatment course; 45 (66.2%) males and 23 (33.8%) females with a mean age at diagnosis of $49.0{\pm}12.9$ (21-75) years. At a median follow up of 19 months, 39 (57.3%) patients had evidence of tumor progression and 36 (52.9%) had died. The median over all survival for all patients was 16 months and progression free survival for all patients was 6.02 months. All potential prognostic factors were analyzed to evaluate their effects on overall survival. Age ${\leq}50$ year, concurrent and adjuvant chemotherapy and extent of surgery had significant p values. We found lower progression rate among patients who received higher doses of radiotherapy (>60Gy). Higher radiation doses improved progression free survival (p=0.03). Despite increasing overall survival, this elevation was not significant. Conclusions: This study emphasize that higher radiation doses of (>60Gy) can improve local control and potentially survival, so we strongly advise prospective multi centric studies to evaluate the role of higher doses of radiotherapy on GBM patient outcome.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권21호
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• pp.9385-9390
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• 2014

Introduction: Human adiponectin (ApN) is a 30 kDa glycoprotein of 244-amino acids which is extensively produced by adipocytes. ApN acts via two receptors, namely adiponectin receptor-1 (Adipo-R1) and adiponectin receptor-2 (Adipo-R2). Studies have shown the presence of Adipo-R1 and Adipo-R2 expression immunohistochemically in human colorectal cancers (CRCs). However, only a few studies exist which investigated effects of adiponectin receptor expression on CRC characteristics. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to explore Adipo-R1/-R2 expression in human colorectal cancers and any association with clinicopathological characteristics and survival. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 58 colorectal cancer patients with tumor resection and a control group of 30 subjects with normal colon mucosa. Results: Positivity for Adipo-R1/-R2 expression was significantly more common in the control group in comparison to the patient group (both p<0.001). There was no significant association between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics including age, sex tumor location, pTNM stage, Duke's stage, metastasis, histological differentiation, perineural invasion, venous invasion sex, lymphatic invasion, cancer-related mortality, tumor size and recurrence. Adipo- R1/-R2 positivity was also not significantly linked to progression-free or overall survival [p values (0.871, 0.758) and (0.274, 0.232), respectively]. Conclusions: Although significantly reduced Adipo-R1/-R2 expression was found in colorectal cancer patients, it had no influence on survival.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6507-6512
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• 2015

Background: Vaspin and Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) are new adipokines mainly produced by adipose tissue. Considering that medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a malignant neuroendocrine tumor, and to date the relationship between serum levels of vaspin and RBP4 with MTC has not been studied, in this matched case-control study we evaluated their possible significance to this tumor type. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 patients with MTC (21 males and 24 females) and 45 healthy persons as a control group (24 males and 21 females) were selected. The two groups were matched for age, sex and body mass index. Serum Vaspin and RBP4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods in both groups. Also, weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated too. Results: In total, patients with MTC had significantly higher serum vaspin levels compared to the controls (0.52ng/ml vs. 0.45ng/ml, P=0.0241). However, no significant difference was found in serum RBP4 concentrations between the patients with MTC and the controls ($15.2{\pm}2.55{\mu}g/ml$ versus $15.1{\pm}3.34{\mu}g/ml$, p>0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that serum RBP4 levels in MTC patients are not significantly different from those found in healthy individuals and did not correlate with MTC. On the other hand, higher levels of serum vaspin are associated with an increased risk of MTC. Thus Vaspin may be a novel and promising biomarker for diagnosis or confirmation of MTC in conjunction other specific tumor markers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7413-7417
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• 2014

Background: Development of gastric cancer (GC) is a multistep process that requires alterations in the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, occurring over several decades. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is involved in cell-cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair. One of the most important regulators of p53 is MDM2, which acts as a negative regulator in the p53 pathway. Based on the key role of p53 and MDM2 in tumor suppression, polymorphisms that cause change in their function might affect cancer risk. We therefore elevated associations of the polymorphisms of p53 (R72P) and MDM2 (SNP309) with GC in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 104 patients with gastric cancer and 100 controls were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from fresh gastric samples. Genotyping of the p53 and MDM2 genes was performed using allele specific PCR (AS-PCR). Results: There was no significant difference between the p53 codon 72 polymorphism distribution in control and patient groups (p=0.54), but the G allele of MDM2 was found to be over-represented in patients (p=0. 01, Odds Ratio=2. 08, 95% Confidence Interval= 1.37-4.34). Conclusions: The p53 R72P seems not to be a potential risk factor for development of GC among Iranian patients, but our data suggest that MDM2 SNP309 might modify the risk related to GC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권17호
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• pp.7141-7148
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• 2014

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an important malignancy throughout the world; early detection is an important criterion for achieving high cure rate. Out of the many reported markers for OSCC, this study validated the efficacy of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) in differentially diagnosing premalignant oral lesions and OSCC. Also, the study aimed to correlate the levels of salivary and serum TNF-${\alpha}$ with clinicopathologic factors. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental laboratory study was designed. Serum and salivary samples from 100 subjects in each group of healthy control, premalignant disease (PMD) and OSCC were collected for the study following appropriate exclusion and inclusion criteria. Serum and salivary level of TNF-${\alpha}$ was analysed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The data obtained were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. Results: Increased level of both serum and salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ was observed in OSCC subjects compared to healthy control and PMD group. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and area under curve values showed high specificity and sensitivity for salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ in differentiating OSCC from PMD and healthy controls. There was significant increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ level in moderately and poorly differentiated lesion compared to well differentiated lesion and in stage IV of clinical stage. A positive correlation was observed only with histological grading of OSCC and TNF-${\alpha}$. Conclusions: Salivary TNF-${\alpha}$ is proved to be superior for detecting OSCC. Increase in TNF-${\alpha}$ with histological grading and clinical staging suggests a role in prognosis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory activities as well as single oral dose toxicity of fermented Rhus verniciflua extract (FRVE). In order to examine anti-tumor activity of FRVE, the sarcoma 180 cells were treated with FRVE at various concentrations (0.03, 0.3, 3 and 30 mg/mL) in microtetrazolium (MTT) assay. In MTT assay, all the cells treated with FRVE at various concentrations have shown a significant difference compared with control (p < 0.05). In xanthine oxidase inhibition assay to examine the antioxidant activity, the xanthine oxidase inhibition rate of FRVE at 1.5 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL was $85{\pm}15.01%$ and $99{\pm}16.02%$, respectively. Nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells showed that FRVE showed a significant anti-inflammation effect at 3 mg/mL (p < 0.05). In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs, body weight gains, feed and water consumptions. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) of FRVE was found to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that FRVE might have useful as a material for functional food and/or animal pharmaceutics.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.294-303
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• 2007

Objectives : We are aimed to identify anti-tumor effects of realgar on some kinds of cancer cells through molecular biologic methods. Materials & Methods : We used 5 kinds of cancer cell lines: lung cancer cells(A549). stomach cancer cells(KATO) and neuroglioma cells(SUN-1118. U-87MG, U-373MG). We injected the boiled extracts of realgar $50{\mu}g$. $100{\mu}g$ to cultural media( ml )for 24 hours. We measured the killing effects on 5 kinds of cancer cells through inverted and fluorescence microscope, the suppressive effects on viability of those cells via XTT assay and the effects on the revelation of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins related to apoptosis by western blotting. Results : In the changes of morphology, the extracts of realgar showed more significant killing effects on all cancer cells. especially KATO, SNU-1118, U-87MG, U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In XTT assay, the extracts of realgar showed more suppressive effects on viability of all cancer cells, especially KATO and U-373MG, than the control group with dose dependence, which was statistically significant. In the revelation of proteins related to apoptosis, the extracts of realgar increased the level of Bax and decreased that of Bcl-2 in all cancer cells with dose dependence. Conclusions : We identified that realgar had more anti-tumor effects on stomach cancer and neuroglioma than on lung cancer in the experiments above. However, these basic experiments were performed in vitro. We hope the anti-tumor effects of realgar will be practically identified through more progressive research.