• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2020

Purpose: Recent studies have indicated that applying different inclination angles and suspension devices could be a useful way of performing exercises that include the co-activation of the trunk muscles. Present study was to examine the influences of changes in the inclination angle during trunk muscle activity while engaging in a bridge exercise with a suspension device. Methods: 18 healthy, physically active male volunteers completed three trunk inclination angles (15°, 30°, and 45°) for bridge exercise variations. The surface electromyography responses of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and rectus femoris (RF), as well as the subjective difficulty (Borg RPE score), were investigated during these bridge exercises. Results: The bridge with a 45° inclination angle suspension significantly increased the muscular activities of the RA and RF and increased the Borg RPE scores (p<0.05). The bridge with a 15° suspension significantly elevated the ES activities when compared to the other conditions. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that a higher inclination angle could not activate the overall trunk muscles during the bridge exercise. The RA and RF produced greater activation during the bridge exercise with the higher inclination angle. On the other hand, the activities of the erector spine were greater during the bridge exercise with the lower inclination angle. The present study suggests that applying a low trunk inclination angle for the supine bridge exercise is suitable for activating the erector spine muscles.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.65-69
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to verify effects of trunk inclination, side deviation using combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities on 20's generation with malalignment syndrome. Methods : 15 subjects with malalignment syndrome participated this study. We measured 2 factors(trunk inclination, side deviation). combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities were used intervention method for malalignment syndrome subjects. Experience during was 6 weeks. Results : The trunk inclination was significantly decreased. The value was from 0.87 to 0.43(p=0.27). The side deviation was too. The value was decreased 1.62(p=0.044). Conclusion : The results of this study indicate that the use of combined PNF patterns of upper and lower extremities for malalignment syndrome people was positive effect.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.44-57
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study is to analyze the activities of muscles importantly functioning when walking with different inclinations and speeds of a treadmill, in order to provide basic data on walking exercise using a treadmill. Method: The selected subjects of this study were 16 men and women who had lower extremity injury. A treadmill was used to provide the activation of muscle, and the electromyography was used to analyze the muscle activity variables. The Biodex was used to measure the value of maximum isometric contraction. The inclinations of the treadmill were 0%, 5% and 10%, respectively, and its speeds were 2Km/h. 3Km/h, 4Km/h, 5Km/h, and 6Km/h, respectively. Result: For quadriceps femoris muscle and trunk muscle, there were significant differences in muscle activity when different speeds were applied at 0%, 5% and 10% inclinations.(p<0.05) The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 9.78% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.32% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of erector spinae muscle was 24.93% at 0% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 24.84% at 0% inclination and 3km/h, whereas it was 23.99% at 0% inclination and 4km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of vastus medialis muscle was 11.89% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 10.65% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. The activity of rectus femoris muscle was 10.26% at 10% inclination and 2km/h speed, whereas it was 9.77% at 10% inclination and 3km/h, which was slightly lower. Conclusion: It was found that the activities of trunk muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle increase as the inclination and the speed of a treadmill increase during treadmill walking.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.13-17
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To determine the normative data for the correlation of spinal, pelvic parameters with foot pressure in the young subjects. Methods: The subjects of this study were 39 patients in healthy adults. The Formetric-III was used to measure of spinal alignment. The pedoscan was used to measure of foot pressure. The correlation of trunk imbalance, trunk inclination, lateral deviation with foot pressure. The foot pressure measurement was consisted of maximal/mean pressure, weight contribution. Result: There was a negative correlation of trunk inclination with Max_R. There was a negative correlation of trunk inclination with Max_R. There was a positive correlation of trunk imbalance with Max_L. There was a positive correlation of lumbar lordosis with Mean_R_front, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of lumbar lordosis with Lt., Rt. in distribution There was a negative correlation of pelvic tilt with Mean_R_front, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a positive correlation of pelvic tilting with Rt. weight distribution, Lt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of pelvic torsion with Lt. weight distribution, Rt. posterior weight distribution. There was a negative correlation of pelvic rotation with Lt. weight distribution, Lt. posterior weight distribution. Conclusion: The data obtained from the study may be used for future studies related to correlation of the spinal, pelvic deviation with foot pressure.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.411-419
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study determined the effects of elastic bands in coordinative locomotor training on the body alignment of elementary school baseball players. Methods: Thirty subjects were recruited for this study and separated into two groups: the coordinative locomotor training group with elastic bands (n=15) and the non-training control group (n=15) were five times a week for eight. The trunk inclination, trunk imbalance, kyphotic angle and lordotic angle were used to evaluate body alignment. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in trunk inclination, trunk imbalance, kyphotic angle and lordotic angle (p<0.05). Conclusion: Coordinative locomotor training impacted postural alignment in elementary school baseball players.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.115-123
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate of pain and spine shape in elementary school students. The aim of this study was to prevent pain and spinal misalignment is to provide basic data and the need for regular screening for elementary school students. METHODS: This study had a survey research about pain and spine shape by using questionnaires and Formetric 4D. Subjects were 301 Elementary School Students RESULTS: In the presence or absence of pain and the presence of pain was in a high proportion and many of them indicated the back as a pain area, As a result of the spine shape contour, pelvic tilt was normal and trunk inclination was asymmetric as well as thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were diminished. There was a significant difference in relationship of trunk inclination according to pain CONCLUSION: The asymmetric of trunk inclination influenced the pain, In contrast, the pain did not influence thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis in diminished. but, the diminution in thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis are potential sources of pain. Regular checkups are necessary to prevent elementary school students from a change of spine shape and a pain, Moreover, education of maintaining normal posture should be followed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.308-314
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of gluteal taping on pelvic alignment, trunk stability, and balance during sitting posture in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Methods: Thirteen children with unilateral cerebral palsy (six females. seven males; mean age 8.5) participated in this study. All participants were evaluated before and after gluteal taping using an Inclinometer for pelvic lateral inclination, trunk impairment scale (TIS) for trunk stability, and modified functional reaching test for balance during sitting. The collected data were analyzed using a paired t-test. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1) Statistically significant decreases in the angle of pelvic lateral inclination were observed after gluteal taping in children with unilateral CP (p<.05). 2) Statistically significant increases in TIS score were observed after gluteal taping (p<.05). 3) Statistically significant increases in the range of reaching during sitting were observed after gluteal taping (p<.05). Conclusion: : In conclusion, this study showed that gluteal taping improves pelvic alignment, trunk stability, and balance during sitting in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Further studies will be required to determine the short- and long-term effects of gluteal taping on improving postural symmetry, trunk stability, and balance.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.89-93
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the effect of integrated patterns (IPs) of PNF on individuals with malalignment using upper extremity and lower extremity patterns simultaneously. This information was then compared to the effect of bowling exercises on malalignment. The study population included individuals in their twenties with malalignment in their posture. Methods: Individuals with malalignment (40 participants in total) were divided into 2 groups based on trunk inclination and side deviation. In one group, IPs of PNF were used as interventions, while the other group used bowling exercises. This process was completed over the course of four weeks. The IP group used two patterns simultaneously: flexion-adduction-external rotation and extension-abduction-internal rotation. These patterns were used in the upper and lower extremities and were crossed diagonally. Results: The trunk inclination decreased in the IP and the bowling group. In the IP group, the degree of inclination decreased from 0.94 to 0.33. The side deviation also decreased to 1.53 (p < 0.05). In the bowling group, the two measured values decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the bowling exercises used in the bowling group, the results of this study indicate that the use of IPs had a significant effect on trunk inclination and side deviation for malalignment posture patients. Individuals can easily improve malalignment using IPs of PNF (for example, at home or at their office), which suggests that they are not required to seek assistance from a fitness or bowling center, which may save them time.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.405-410
• /
• 2013

Purpose: Most studies have reported that the abdominal muscle thickness differs according to gender but none of these studies reported a gender difference in the thickness of the multifidus and erector spine. The spinal alignment is affected by the left and right balance in the trunk muscle. The aim of this study was to identify the trunk muscle symmetry according to gender and the correlations of the trunk muscle thickness with spinal alignment. Methods: Forty three subjects(27 males and 16 females) were enrolled in this study. The trunk muscle thickness was measured by ultrasonography. The trunk muscle, which consisted of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique abdominis (EOA), internal oblique abdominis (IOA), transverse abdominis (TrA), erector spine (ES), and multifidus (MF), was measured. The spinal alignment was measured by Formetric-III 3D analysis. The dependent variables of the spinal alignment were the trunk imbalance, trunk inclination, lateral deviation, and surface rotation. Results: The muscle thickness of the EOA muscle increased more significantly in the right side than the left side (p<0.05). Each left and right difference in the muscle thickness between the male and female group showed a significant difference (p<0.05) except for the TrA thickness. Significant positive correlations were observed between the ES and lateral deviation and between the TrA with trunk imbalance. Conclusion: These results suggest that asymptomatic men have a greater trunk muscle thickness than women but there was no difference between the left and right in healthy adults. The trunk muscle thickness of ES, TrA is related by the spinal alignment.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.243-248
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The transverse abdominis and themultifidus muscle are located in the core. They surround one's trunk and help in body stabilization. Specifically, they control spine articulation to maintain posture and balance. Therefore, weakened deep muscle in the trunk may cause spinal malalignment. This study aims to compare the correlation between the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle and the spine alignment among college students in their 20s. Methods: This study measured the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle of 42 healthy college students in their 20s using ultrasonic waves. The thickness of the muscle was measured for the length of the cross-section except for fascia. The thickness of the left and right muscles was measured, and the mean value was calculated. As the thickness of the transverse abdominis can increase because of pressure during exhalation, it was measured at the last moment of exhalation. Spinal alignment was measured by the kyphosis angle, lordosis angle, pelvic tilt, trunk inclination, lateral deviation, trunk imbalance, and surface rotation using Formetric III, which is a three-dimensional imaging equipment. They were measured for three times, and the mean values were calculated. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The correlations between each factor were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The transverse abdominis showed asignificant correlation with trunk inclination (p<.05). The multifidus muscle showed a significant positive correlation with pelvic tilt and a negative correlation with surface rotation (p<.05). Conclusion: The thickness of transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle appears to influence spinal alignment. Specifically, the multifidus muscle, which plays an important role on the sagittal plane, influences surface rotation, thus making it an important muscle for scoliosis patients. Therefore, a strengthening training program for the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle is necessary according to specific purposes among adults with spinal malalignment.