• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.159-166
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in muscle activity of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles according to abdominal muscle exercise methods such as plank exercise, side plank exercise, and crunch exercise. Methods : This study was conducted with 37 college students. All subjects participating in this study were randomly assigned to the plank exercise group, the side plank exercise group, and the crunch exercise group. The exercise corresponding to each group was performed for a total of 8 weeks. The muscle activity of the abdominal muscles was measured before the experiment, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, and the rectus abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles were measured. Results : As a result of comparison according to the period in the change in muscle activity of the abdominal muscles after exercise, the amount of change in muscle activity in all three muscles showed a significant difference. As a result of the post-hoc analysis, the muscle activity value of the internal oblique muscle after 4 weeks in the plank exercise showed a significant difference from the value after 8 weeks. In the side plank exercise, the muscle activity values of the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles before and after 4 weeks showed significant differences from those after 8 weeks. And in the crunch exercise, the muscle activity value of the rectus abdominis muscle before exercise showed a significant difference from the value after 8 weeks. Conclusion : Plank exercise increases the muscle activity of the rectus abdominis, side plank exercise increases the rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles, and crunch exercise increases the muscle activity of the rectus abdominis. Therefore, it is thought that the stability of the trunk can be improved more efficiently if all three exercises are performed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the posture holding band on muscle activity of the rectus femoris, medial vastus, and vastus lateralis muscles and weight distribution during squat exercise. Methods : This study was conducted with 30 healthy adult men and women in their 20s, and all subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Squat exercise was performed for 6 weeks. The experimental group received squat exercise while wearing a posture holding band, and the control group applied without wearing a posture holding band. Muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis) and weight distribution (knee flexion 0 °, 30 °, 60 °, and 90 °) was measured. Results : According to the results of this study, all three muscles showed a main effect on time and group, and a significant interaction was shown only in the vastus lateralis. In addition, the value of the weight distribution difference according to the knee flexion angle did not show a main effect according to time and group at 30 ° of knee flexion, but showed an interaction. Conclusion : It was confirmed that the application of the posture holding band during squat exercise increased the muscle activity of the quadriceps muscle, and showed greater changes in the vastus lateralis muscle. In addition, it was confirmed that the difference in weight distribution was reduced in the knee flexion, and in particular, a greater change was shown in reducing the difference in weight distribution in the knee flexion of 30 °. Therefore, it is considered that the effect of the exercise can be further enhanced if the unnecessary movement of the trunk is controlled by using equipment such as a posture holding band during squat exercise.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.30-40
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time according to a LLD and object weight When subjects performed a lifting task. Design: Repeated measure design Methods: 15 male adults participated in this study. When subjects performed a lifting task, we measured a difference of muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time in the rectus abdominis(RA), the erector spinae(ES), and the rectus femoris(RF) between both legs using the surface electromyogram (Telemyo DTS, Noraxon Inc., USA). When subjects performed a lifting task, the weight of the object was set to 0% kg, 10% kg, and 20% kg of the subject's body weight, excluding the weight of the box. Results: The difference in muscle activity in the RA, the ES, and the RF between both legs when lifting an object was larger in LLD condition than in non-LLD condition(p<0.05). In all of muscles, the difference of contraction onset time was generally increased as the object's weight increased. Specially, the difference in muscle contraction onset time in the RA, the ES between both legs was larger in the LLD condition than in the non-LLD condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that LLD affects the muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time during lifting objects. It can be used as data to prevent joint damage and muscle due to the LLD during work and movements of daily living.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.57-65
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• 2016

Objectives Our goal was to review literatures on tool-based manipulation for musculoskeletal diseases with emphasis on guasha and IASTM (Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Manipulation) by searching foreign and domestic controlled trials. Methods We found literatures published up to August 2016 in electronic databases (OASIS, KoreaMed, KMbase, NDSL, RISS, KISS, MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) without any limitations on language. Results 17 studies were included in the review. 13 out of 17 articles were published within this decade. VAS was the main evaluation tool for most of the articles (14 out of 17). 10 studies showed statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. In terms of materials used for treatment, 6 out of 17 studies used stainless steel. Considering anatomical locations for treatment, trunk area was treated the most, accounting for 7 out of 17 studies. Conclusions Our results show that recently, research on tool-based manipulation treatments for musculoskeletal diseases are actively being performed. Diseases of the vertebral column were the main target for tool-based manipulation treatments, and stainless steel was the most popular and safe material used. Further research should be performed for more accurate data.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.215-224
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze how it affects functional movement and dynamic balance applying Czech get up exercise based on the principle of motor development of child for office worker women in 30s and 40s. Through random allocation, an Czech get up exercise group(n=15) and a control group(n=14) were formed to apply exercise for 12 weeks, 3 times a week, and 60 minutes a day, and the control group maintained daily life at the same period. As a result of the study, showed that Deep squat(p<.05), Hurdle step(p<.01), In-line lunge(p<.05), Trunk stability push-up(p<.001), Rotary stability (p<.01), Total score(p<.001), were significantly in the Czech get up Group, and Dynamic Balance of Lower Extremity(p<.001), Right Dynamic Balance of Lower Extremity(p<.001) were also significantly in the Czech get up Group. In conclusion, it is thought that Czech get up exercise based on the principle of motor development of child will have a positive effect on the functional movement and dynamic balance in office women, thereby increasing work efficiency as well as healthy life.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

Many muscles of the trunk and hip are capable of contributing to the stabilization and protection of the lumbar spine. To have optimal effectiveness, a training program should include dynamic back/stomach/hip exercises. This study was designed to assess the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscle activities during various low back stabilization exercises. Participants were 26 healthy adults (13 males, 13 Females), aged 21 to 28 years. The surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the L5 level paraspinal, external abdominal oblique, and gluteus maximus muscles. The recorded signal was averaged and normalized to the maximal electromyographic amplitude obtained during the maximal voluntary contraction. The measurements were taken during 3 low back stabilization exercises. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to examine the difference, and a post hoc test was performed with least significant difference. A level of significance was set at p<.05. The significance of difference between men and women, and between the electromyographic recording sites was evaluated by an independent t-test. The EMG activity for the externus oblique and gluteus maximus muscles had significant differences among 3 exercises (p<.05). In males, the EMG activity for the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased differences during exercises 1 and exercise 2 (p<.05). The gluteus maximus muscle had significantly increased differences during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). In females, the multifidus muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05), the external abdominal oblique muscle had significantly increased difference during exercise 1 (p<.05). and the gluteus maximus muscle had significantly decreased difference during exercise 3 (p<.05). The results were that the external abdominal oblique muscle was apparently activated during the curl-up exercise in females and males, and the multifidus muscle was apparently activated during the bridging exercise in females and during the sling exercise in males and females.1)In comparison of the %MVC between males and females, exercise 2 and exercise 3 apparently activated of the multifidus and gluteus maximus muscles in both males and females (p<.05). The EMG activity of the gluteus maximus muscle of the males significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). The EMG activity the multifidus muscle of the females was significantly increased during exercise 2 and exercise 3 (p<.05). More research is needed to understand the nature of motor control problems in the deep muscles in patients with low back pain.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 1996

After transplantation of groin free flap was sucessed by the Daniel and Taylor in 1973, the reconstruction of plastic surgery was extensive and universal due to rapidly developement of anatomic study of the donor site and technique of microvascular surgery. The free tissue transfers is possible to be early activity and rehabilitation by one stage operation. It currently available allow transfer of specific tissue quality as bone, muscle, nerve to achieve a functional and cosmetic result as well as the most favorable secondary defect. But free flaps require critical, skillful technique and lengthy operating time. Also it has disadvantage of donor site morbity at the large tissue transfer. Authors were transferred with 107 cases in 103 patients from May 1987 to June 1996, and then we analysed free tissue transfer to acquire more increased sucess rate, satisfactory functional and cosmetic results. The sexual distribution was male prominent in 79 cases(76.7%), female in 24(23.3%) and age was variable distribution from 3 to 76 years old. The cause of defects was most prevalent in trauma of traffic and industrial accident in 51 cases(49%). The common recipient site were lower extremities in 47 cases(43.9%), upper extremities in 28 cases(26.5%), head and neck in 25 cases(23.4%), and trunk in 7 cases(6.5%). The type of transfer were free skin flaps in 46 cases(43%), free muscle or musculocutaneous flaps in 31 cases(29%), free vasculized or osteocutaneous flaps in 10 cases(9.3%), and specilized free flaps in 20 cases(18.7%). The anastomosis of artery was end to end anastomosis in 94 cases(87.9%), end to side anastomosis in 13 cases(12.1%) and all vein was end to end anastomosis. The number of anastomosed vessels were one artery one vein in 62 cases(57.9%), one artery two vein in 45 cases(42.1%) and vein graft was performed only one case. The postoperative mornitoring were used with temperature, color of flap, capillary refilling time, ultrasonogram, bone scan, doppler, and endoscopy. The reexploration was performed in 9 cases(8.4%), and then flap was loss in 3 cases(2.8%). Accordingly overall success rate was 97.2%. The postoperative complication was early vascular occlusion, hematoma, partial necrosis and late bulkiness, scarring, color dismatch etc. Therefore, free tissue transfer is the preferred method of treatment, even through conventional local and distant flaps are available.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2018

Background: Improvement of lumbo-pelvic stability can reduce the compensatory action of the quadratus lumborum (QL) and selectively strengthen the gluteus medius (GM) during side-lying hip abduction (SHA). There are abdominal draw-in maneuver (ADIM) and abdominal bracing (AB) as active ways, and pelvic compression belt (PCB) as a passive way to increase of lumbo-pelvic stability. It is necessary to compare how these stabilization methods affect the selective strengthening of the GM. Objects: To investigate the effects of ADIM, AB, and PCB during SHA on the electromyography (EMG) activity of the GM, QL, external oblique (EO) and internal oblique (IO), and the GM/QL EMG activity ratio. Methods: A total of 20 healthy male adults participated in the study. The subjects performed three conditions in side-lying in random order: SHA with ADIM (SHA-ADIM), SHA with AB (SHA-AB), and SHA with PCB (SHA-PCB). To compare the differences among the three conditions, the EMG activities of the GM, QL, EO and IO, and GM/QL EMG activity ratio were analyzed using one-way repeated ANOVA. Results: The EMG activity of the QL was significantly higher in SHA-AB than in SHA-ADIM and SHA-PCB. The GM/QL activity ratio was significantly higher in SHA-PCB than in SHA-ADIM and SHA-AB. In addition, the figure for SHA-ADIM was significantly higher than that for SHA-AB. In the case of the EO, the figure for SHA-AB was significantly higher than corresponding values for the other two conditions. The figure for SHA-ADIM was significantly higher than that for SHA-PCB. The EMG activity of the IO was significantly higher in SHA-AH than in SHA-PCB. Conclusion: It can be suggested that wearing the PCB can more selectively strengthen the GM than to perform ADIM and AB during SHA. In addition, the ADIM can be recommended when there is a need to strengthen abdominal muscles during SHA.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.171-180
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• 2021

The present study investigated the effects of dynamic tubing gait (DTG II) program on the balancing ability for the promotion of life care of patients with chronic stroke. In the study, 25 sessions of DTG II program (30 minutes per session, 5 sessions per week, for a total of 5 weeks) were applied to 10 patients with chronic stroke. To determine the effects of DTG II program for improving balance, surface electromyography(external oblique, erector spinae, iliopsoas, gluteus maximus), symmetry index test on three pelvic axes, and dynamic gait index test were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed statistically significant differences between preand post-intervention measurements of the gluteus maximus muscle at early and mid-stance phases(p<.05). The pelvic symmetry index differed significantly between pre- and post-intervention measurements of diagonal and rotational movement(p<.05). Comparison of dynamic gait index also showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-intervention measurements(p<.05). Based on these findings, it was determined that the DTG II program was able to improve the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke by activating their trunk muscles and improving the symmetry of diagonal pelvic movement and rotation. Therefore, DTG II program is recommended as an interventional method to improve life-care through improving the balancing ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.40-48
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• 2005

In this study, the muscle strength and endurance of the lumbar at flexion and extension were determined using an isokinetic muscle strength meter (Biodex) in patients with chronic lumbar go (10 male and 10 females), and the changes in muscle strength and endurance of the lumbar at flexion and extension after application of Y-shaped sacrospinalis muscle taping, typically used for patient with lumbar go, were studied. In addition, the sacrospinalis muscle taping of a different shape (I-shaped taping) was applied bilaterally centering on the spine, and the muscle strength and endurance of the lumbar at flexion and extension were determined and compared with those before taping. In addition, the results after application of Y-shaped taping and I-shaped taping were also compared. 1. The extensor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and after application of Y-shaped taping showed the level of significance (p<.05). The flexor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio taping and after application of Y-shaped taping did not show the level of significance. 2. The flexor muscle endurance of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and application of Y-shaped taping did not show the level of significance. The extensor muscle endurance of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and after application of Y-shaped taping did not show the level of significance. 3. The extensor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and after application of I-shaped taping showed the level of significance (p<.05). The flexor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and after application of I-shaped taping showed the level of significance (p<.05). 4. The flexor muscle endurance of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio taping and after application of I-shaped taping showed the level of significance. The extensor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec before application of kinesio Taping and after application of I-shaped taping showed the level of significance (p<.05). 5. In comparison between after application of Y-shaped taping and after application of I-shaped taping, the flexor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/sec did not show the level of significance. In comparison between after application of Y-shaped taping and after application of I-shaped taping, the extensor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $60^{\circ}$/ sec showed the level of significance (p<.05). 6. In comparison between after application of Y-shaped taping and after application of I-shaped taping, the flexor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec did not show the level of significance. In comparison between after application of Y-shaped taping and after application of I-shaped taping, the extensor muscle strength of the lumbar at loading of $90^{\circ}$/sec did not showed the level of significance (p<.05).