• PNF and Movement
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate Influence of Stretching exercise on Flexibility of Trunk and Equilibrium Ability in Post-Adolescent. Methods : Stretching group(n=20), control group(n=20) measured trunk extension ROM, trunk flexion ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, and equilibrium ability at pre-intervention, post-intervention in 3 weeks, post-intervention in 6 weeks. Results : Trunk extension ROM, trunk flexion ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, and equilibrium ability of stretching group was significantly increased within the intervention period (p<.05). The trunk extension ROM, trunk lateral flexion ROM, equilibrium ability was significantly different among the experimental groups at in 3 weeks and in 6 weeks, but trunk flexion ROM was significantly different at only in 6 weeks(p<.05). Conclusion : In conclusion, it was found stretching exercise can increase Flexibility of Trunk and Equilibrium Ability. stretching exercise need to be applied for Post-Adolescent.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2008

Purpose : This survey was to investigate on the effect of each region changed in trunk through sagittal plane after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise. Methods : 18 students of Gimcheon College participated in this study for the period of July 9-30, 2007. Analyzed factor were 1) degree of pain 2) presence of Gillet test and 3) difference of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk applying I.B.S.-2000 after Trunk Flexion - Extension Exercise. We used the SPSS $PC^+$ program for classifying into analysis of frequency, $x^2$-test, t-test and Simple Linear Regression analysis test. Results: Followings are concluded For degree of pain, 13(72.2%) of students answered "No pain" after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise and in the result 4 more students decreased the pain. In the Gillet test, 14(77.8%) of students answered "positive" after Trunk Flexion-Extension Exercise and in the result 4 more students increased mobility of Sacroiliac joint. In the differences of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk by B.M.I. scale, Slim type was decreased both Acromion(0.45mm), both Iliac crest(0.44mm), and both ASIS(0.31mm) to anterior plane, Normal type was decreased both inferior angle of Scapular(0.02mm), both L4-5(0.07mm), and both PSIS(0.09mm) to posterior plane Fatness type was decrease both Acromion(0.05mm), both ASIS(0.05mm) to anterior plane. In the differences of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk for degree of pain No pain group was decreased both Acromion(0.17mm), both Nipple(0.25mm) to anterior plane and both PSIS(0.13mm) to posterior plane Pain group was decreased both Acromion(0.04mm), both Iliac creast(0.03mm) to anterior plane and both inferior angle of Scapular(0.18mm) both PSIS(0.13mm) to posterior plane. In the difference of right-left for 7 landmark region in trunk for each of the exercises, Both iliac crest(0.1mm), both ASIS(0.12mm) to anterior plane were decreased after Flexion Trunk Exercise. Both acromion(0.27mm) to anterior plane, both inferior angle of scapular(0.14mm) and both PSIS(0.12mm) to posterior plane were decreased after Extension Trunk Exercise. Each of the exercises, The both inferior angle of Scapular showed high scores($0.65{\pm}0.23$) at Trunk Extension Exercise group and there was statistical significance between Trunk Flexion Exercise group and Extension exercise group(t :-2.502, p < 0.05). 7. At Pre-exercise group, Both inferior angle of Scapular showed low scores($0.23{\pm}8.27$) at Trunk Extension Exercise group and there was statistical significance between Pre- Exercise group and Trunk Extension Exercise group(t :-2.5430, p<0.05). Conclusion : The simple linear regression analysis was presented at Acromion(-0.243), L4-5(-0.753), PSIS(0.576) and there was statistical significance in BMI scale(p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects on flexibility of bridge and plank exercises using sling suspension on an unstable surface. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 20 healthy adults in their 20s (plank=10, bridge=10). Both types of exercise were performed three times per week for a period of four weeks. Each exercise was performed in the front and side direction. Exercise intensity was altered through the use of a sling, which was placed at the knee and ankle. Flexibility at trunk forward flexion and backward extension was measured. The trunk forward flexion was measured at sitting position. The trunk backward extension was measured at prone position. The data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the pre- and post-test for both the bridge and plank exercise groups. In the bridge exercise, significant differences were shown in the trunk forward flexion and the trunk backward extension (p<.05). In the plank exercise, a significant difference was shown in the trunk backward extension (p<.05). No significant differences were noted in interaction effect or the main effects in either group. CONCLUSION: Bridge and plank exercises on an unstable surface improve flexibility. The bridge exercise improves the flexibility of the forward and backward muscles of the trunk. The plank exercise improves the flexibility of the forward muscles of the trunk. This information would be useful in the development of exercise programs including bridge and plank exercises for improving flexibility and core stability.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.75-83
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• 2020

Background: The effect of the Valsalva maneuver applied in resistance exercise has shown contradictory results. This study aims to investigate the effect of the Valsalva maneuver on resistance exercise by examining the changes that occur by applying the Valsalva maneuver during trunk flexion and extension resistance exercise in healthy adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: 34 healthy adults were conveniently recruited. According to the with or without Valsalva maneuver, the flexion and extension of the trunk were measured and evaluated. Results: Paired t test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in maximum torque of trunk flexion in the resistance exercise with Valsalva maneuver. However, there was no statistically significant difference in trunk extension (p<.05), in the total and average work of trunk flexion and extension (p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study in which the difference in the amount of exercise according to the application of the Valsalva maneuver was not significant, show that the practice of the Valsalva maneuver, which has a risk of injury, should be avoided in rehabilitation exercises.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine muscle activities of trunk and lower limb during squat and 108 bows exercises and to provide objective data for establishing a training method for improving muscle strength of trunk and lower limb. Methods: Twenty normal healthy subjects participated in this study. Each exercise was divided into five periods. Muscle activities of trunk and lower limb in each period of both 108 bows and squat exercises were measured and analyzed by independent t-test. Results: In starting, mid-flexion, mid-extension, and end period muscle activities obtained from 108 bows exercise were significantly higher than those from squat exercise. However, in the final flexion period, muscle activities of multifidus, elector spinae, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and tibialis anterior from squat exercise were significantly higher than those from bow exercise. Conclusion: In this study, high muscle activities in most muscles of trunk and lower limb were observed from all periods of 108 bows exercise except the final flexion period. Therefore, it is likely that 108 bows exercise rather than squat exercise is more suitable for high strength exercise to improve muscle strength of trunk and lower limb and thus will be applicable for strengthening muscles of trunk and lower limb of patients.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2002

The purpose of this dissertation was to analyze the effect of trunk extension strengthening exercise on muscle performance of the upper limb in adolescent baseball player. The twenty people were studied : experimental group(10), comparative group(10). The experimental group has done trunk extension strengthening exercise for 8 weeks. The study analyzes isometric maximal strength of shoulder internal rotation. shoulder external rotation, elbow flexion, elbow extension, forearm pronation, forearm supination and ball speed. All of subjects were tested for 3 times ; pre, mid, post. The results were as follows; 1. Maximal isometric strength of upper limb, during trunk extension strengthening exercise in experimental group, shoulder internal rotation and external rotation showed it has slightly increased and comparative group showed it has no change, but not significant elbow flexion and extension significantly(p<0.05) increased after exercise either for 4 or 8 weeks compared with that of control group. Forearm pronation showed not significantly changed in both group, but significantly different between group either for 4 or 8 weeks. Forearm supination, significantly((p<0.05) increased after 8 weeks in experimental group. 2. Ball speed showed slightly increased but not significantly in experimental group. These results it may expect improvement of upper limb muscle performance of upper limb in adolescent baseball player. However, in case of shoulder a point of view of bunk extension strengthening exercise of this study hasn't a significant influence. More experimental studies are needs, hereafter which will use more experimental subjects and various methods of exercise and new application of treatment term to define significant change.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Swiss ball lumbar stabilization exercise on the strength and flexibility, balance for the subjects. 30 university students who aged an average $23.21{\pm}4.41$ years. Methods : The exercise program lasted for 4 weeks with a frequency of 3 times per week within 12 to RPE. The result was analyzed by case study were measured by sit-up for strength, and back muscle strength, and trunk flexion test and trunk extension lifting for flexibility, and also measured by balance test before and during, and after the Swiss ball exercise program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS/Win(15.0) version and t-test. Results : By the result of this study, we found that the number of performing sit-up strength was increased, and back muscle strength was increase, and trunk flexion test and trunk extension lifting was increased after the 4 weeks Swiss ball exercise program. Conclusion : These finding indicate that Swiss ball lumbar stabilization exercise using Swiss ball could be beneficial to the subjects. The effect of increasing strength and flexibility, balance was flexibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.327-335
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of trunk position sense through visual cue deprivation balance training in subacute stroke patients. METHODS: The subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: experimental(n=10) and control(n=10). Both groups performed balance training on sitting for 30minute after measurements. Trunk position sense test was assessed using the David back concept to determine trunk repositioning error for four movement(flexion, extension, affected side lateral flexion, non-affected side lateral flexion). Measurements on each test were assessed prior to the balance training and then immediately following the balance training. RESULTS: In comparison of the difference of the trunk position sense between groups, the experimental group decreased significantly in trunk repositioning error of flexion, extension and affected side lateral flexion than control group(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The trunk position sense of the experimental group showed more improvement after the balance training program compared to the control group, Therefore, these results suggest that visual cue deprivation training is considered an effective exercise method for individuals with subacute stroke.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.32-41
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• 2019

Background: Limitations in hip flexion caused by tight hamstrings lead to excessive lumbar flexion and low back pain. Accordingly, many studies have examined how to stretch the hamstring muscle. However, no study has focused on the effect of hamstring eccentric exercise for tight hamstrings on trunk forward bending. Objects: We compared the short-term effect of hamstring eccentric exercise (HEE) and hamstring static stretching (HSS) on trunk forward bending in individuals with tight hamstrings. Methods: Thirty individuals with tight hamstrings participated in the study. The subjects were randomly allocated to either a HEE or HSS group. To determine whether the hamstrings were tight, the active knee extension (AKE) test was performed, and the degree of hip flexion was measured. To assess trunk forward bending, subjects performed the fingertip to floor (FTF) and modified modified Schober tests, and the degree of trunk forward bending was measured using an inclinometer. We used paired t-tests to compare the values before and after exercise in each group and independent t-tests to compare the two groups on various measures Results: The FTF test results were improved significantly after the exercise in both groups, and AKE for both legs increased significantly in both groups. There was no significant difference in the hip angles, mmS test results, or degree of trunk forward bending between groups after the exercise. No test results differed significantly between the two groups at baseline or after the exercise. Both groups increased hamstring flexibility and trunk forward bending. Conclusion: HSS and the HEE groups increased hamstring flexibility and trunk forward bending. However, HEE has additional benefits, such as injury prevention and muscle strengthening.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.2229-2236
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• 2020

Background: Few comparative studies have been conducted on strengthening the anterior and posterior muscles of the trunk via lumbar stabilization exercises. Objectives: To compare the effects of forward leaning exercise and supine bridging exercise in stability exercise. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial (single blind). Methods: Thirty subjects with spondylolisthesis were participated in this study. Fifteen subjects performed the bridging exercises and fifteen subjects performed the forward leaning exercises. Each exercise was held for ten seconds per repetition, and four repetitions were considered one sub-session. A total of four sub-sessions were performed in one full exercise session. The full exercise session required thirty minutes, including rest time. Trunk strength and range of motion and Oswestry disability index were measured. Results: Two weeks later, trunk flexion strength and trunk extension range of motion were significantly increased in the forward leaning exercise group than in the supine bridging group, trunk extension strength were significantly increased in the supine bridging exercise group than in the forward leaning group. After two weeks, the pain score was significantly lower in the forward leaning exercise group than in the supine bridging group. Conclusion: This study has shown that stabilization exercises are effective in increasing range of motion and strength in spondylolisthesis subjects. It was especially confirmed that the method of strengthening the anterior muscles of the trunk is more effective than the standard stabilization exercise method.