• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.365-371
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• 2023

In this study, we proposed a plan to educate computer students at industrial specialized high schools about artificial intelligence programming using Raspberry Pi. To create an educational program, we received advice from experts working in schools and industries, analyzed existing research and requirements, designed weekly learning plans, developed teaching materials, and conducted classes. Due to the small number of research subjects, interviews were conducted with students, and the results of the teacher's diary were also presented to derive qualitative research results. The main interview results show that although it is true that interest in the field of artificial intelligence has increased through the class, many responded that the learning content is still difficult. The teacher's diary mainly included information about the latest trends in the industry that informatics and computer teachers should not miss out on. We hope that this study will provide an opportunity to meet the needs of the industry by increasing the proportion of artificial intelligence programming in industrial specialized high schools.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2024

Aiming at the problem of low contrast and difficult to recognize video images in low-light environment, we propose an adaptive contrast compensation enhancement algorithm based on human visual perception. First of all, the video image characteristic factors in low-light environment are extracted: AL (average luminance), ABWF (average bandwidth factor), and the mathematical model of human visual CRC(contrast resolution compensation) is established according to the difference of the original image's grayscale/chromaticity level, and the proportion of the three primary colors of the true color is compensated by the integral, respectively. Then, when the degree of compensation is lower than the bright vision precisely distinguishable difference, the compensation threshold is set to linearly compensate the bright vision to the full bandwidth. Finally, the automatic optimization model of the compensation ratio coefficient is established by combining the subjective image quality evaluation and the image characteristic factor. The experimental test results show that the video image adaptive enhancement algorithm has good enhancement effect, good real-time performance, can effectively mine the dark vision information, and can be widely used in different scenes.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.84-110
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• 1993

This study aims at identifying the recent change in marriage behaviors in Korea. The data used here is the vital statistics compiled from the vital registration system of which registration form is put on one from together with the civil registration form. According to the results of this analysis, since 1970 the number of marriages has steadily increased from about 300, 000 in the former of 1970s to about 400, 000 in the latter of 1980s, appproximately coincided with the change in population size at the marriageable age span. The few exceptions that can be seen in the 1970s seem to result from the impact of social upheavals during 1950s; since the birth cohorts affected by the low fertility during the Korean war and the post-war baby-boom generations chracterized by the high fertility entered the marriage market in the 1970s. However, the marriage rate shows a little increase from around 7 in the former of 1970s to around 9 in the latter of 1980s, indicating that the marriage prevalence has been more or less inconsiderably changed during this period. It is also found that the proportion of remarriage to the total marriages has increased to around 10 per cent in 1989, while decreasing that of first marriage. This fact can be attributable to the higher prevalence of divorces and the collapsing of the Confucianism ethic which contributed to expediting the remarriage of widows. Although this proportion is insignificant compared with that of the of more developed countries, it is not difficult to say that the proportion of remarriages will continue to increase in future. The age first at first marriage(AFM) which directly affects the span exposed to the risks pregnancy has increased to the age about 28 for male and about 25 for female in recent years. However, big difference in AFM between urban and rural areas has narrowed, resultant from the increasing involuntary postponement of marriage of rural young population who have met difficulties in seeking their bride or bridegroom in rural areas characterized by the heavy out-migration of young, particularly female, population. The present study shows the reverse relationship between AFM and educational attainment; i.e, the higher the educational attainment the lower the AFM. The conditions which are taken into considerations were the class and the family in the past time but which are, educational attainment, job and personal characteristics. With regard to the age condition, in recent years the male prefers the female younger than himself on the average by 3 years and vice versa, which is reduced form 4-5 years in beginning of 1970s. The age difference bride and bridegroom tends to decrease with the educational attainment increase. This may be attributable to the fact that the persons with the higher educational attainment prefer the love marriage and hence are more likely to choose their counterparts in the about same age. The education condition is characterized by the bridegroom having the higher educational level than bride. It is also significant to note that the proportion of love marriage has increased, whereas that of traditional arranged marriage has decreased. This is true in the urban areas than the rural areas, indicating that rights as well as responsibilities for marriage have been handed over the young population from their parents. In conclusion, the change in the marriage behaviors in Korea are characterized by increasing tendency for the postponement of first marriage, higher prevalences of divorces and a result remarriages, increase of love marriages, narrowing age difference between bride and bridegroom, etc. which are the main results of rapid industrization, increase in educational and economic activity opportunities and change in the ideals of marriages during the past decades. These phenomena prevailing in Korean society would affect not only the family structure that will become less proliferiated but the population size and structure. The most important is that the changes in marriage behaviors of Koreans and their impact on the society with respect to norms, values, morals, of individual and family in the social aspect, change in population size and structure in the demograpic aspects, and economic development in the economic aspects should be integrated into the plannings towards to the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2018

As the share of leisure culture increases these days, expectations are rising for the high quality of culture while increasing interest in leisure and tourism. The percentage of the population going on weekend trips to broaden the horizons of elementary, middle and high school students has continued to rise in proportion to the expectations for cultural enjoyment. We expect that visitors' weekend family activities will include relaxing, playing and educational purposes. Recent educational programs have moved from the past where only children were allowed to be onsite, to a shared style in which parents can engage in educational activities, potentially leading to the implicit involvement of family ties and family elasticity. The effects of education are not expressed by the period that ends in a single moment of experience, but by the continuity of training and experience. The same holds true for family affinity, communication and empathy. Providing opportunities for family experience and education is a national responsibility for broken family and restoring solidarity with the growing number of single-person households. Furthermore, it is a duty of museums and galleries today, and it is necessary to come up with methods to enhance family solidarity and family affinity. In particular, it is imperative to develop and provide educational programs for educational purposes at the Education Museum, and to develop " education for family " at the social level. This paper aims to analyze the results of all family participating education programs provided by family education programs at the Education Museum through family surveys and interviews, and to enhance the activation of family types education programs more actively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 1999

Thirty two species of coastal plants (mainly halophytes) were investigated for their free amino acids and the total and water-soluble nitrogen contents in leaves. All plants except some species (e.g. Scutellaria and Linaria) contained proline, but only Ageratum. Tetragonia and Raphanus in rather high amounts, that it can be thought to serve as a cytoplasmic osmolyte. In some plant species (Euphorbia. Glehnia. Peucedanum. Raphanus and monocotyledonous Carex and Zoysia), however, hydroxyproline. (OH-Pro) rather than proline were accumulated to a considerable extent. The concentrations of total free amino acids were low in Aster tripolium, Linaria. Lysimachia. Plantago. Rumex, Vitex and especially in the members of the Chenopodiaceae and Crassulaceae. Marked differences also occurred in the nitrogen levels. Aizoaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cruciferae, Euphorbiaceae and Leguminosae usually showed high values of total and soluble amino nitrogen, while the opposite was true for most of the Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Lamiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scophuriaceae, and Verbenaceae. The free amino acids in the investigated plant species contributed very little to the nitrogen content, but in plants of Euphorbia, Messerschmidia and Orostachys. their amino acid-N made up for 25∼30% of the total nitrogen. In conclusion, only a few cases did proline known as compatible solute constitute a significant proportion of the free amino acid pool in coastal plants.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.284-295
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• 1990

Dietary levels of 0%, 0225%, 0.45% inorganic phosphorus in the form of tricalcium phosphate were included in two different experimental diets, which contains 40% of wheat bran with or without extrusion. It is to examine the effects of extruded wheat bran containing different Bevels of inorganic phosphorus on the performance of broiler chicks, including the nutrient availabilities, compared with that of the diet containing non－extruded wheat bran. The results are as follows； 1. Regardless dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus, the weight gain in general was higher for the groups fed non－extruded wheat bran but little significance was seen between the groups of extruded and the non－extruded. However, the effect of dietary inclusion of inorganic phosphorus on the weight gain was evident and the gain was higher in the groups receiving the higher levies of inorgainc phosphorus but failed to observe the significant difference between the added groups of 0.225% and 0.45% of inorganic phosphorus, suggesting that a considerable amount of phytin phosphorus in wheat bran is available to meet the requirement. 2. For the feed intake, there was a tendency for the groups fed extruded wheat bran consuming more feed, compared with that of the non－extruded but little significance was observed. This was also true between the groups of receiving 0.225% and 0.45% inorganic phosphorus t The feed efficiency was improved by the addition of inorgainc phosphorus, but failed to observe the significance between the added groups. 4. The dry matter digestibility was improved in proportion to increasing the levels of inorganic phosphorus for the both groups of extruded and the non－extruded This indicates that addition of extruded wheat bran has little effects on improving the digestibility. 5. Within the added groups of 0.225% and 0.45% inorganic phosphorus, the protein digestibility was increased with including the extruded wheat bran in the diet However, the effect on body weight gain was not evident. 6. The calcium and phosphorus content of tibia was shown the tendency of increasing with increasing the dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus but close correlation with dietary levels of inorganic phosphorus was not noted in tibia contents of calcium and phosphorus.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.149-160
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• 2004

Background : To save out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases is a major concern for Korea. Cardiac arrest is a very common problem, with > 18,000 cases dying each year in Korea. Overall, survival to hospital discharge remains poor. Resuscitation has become an important multidisciplinary branch of medicine, demanding a spectrum of skills and attracting a plethora of specialities and organizations. Since the "Utstein Style" was advocated in 1991, many reports about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have been published based on this guideline. These differences prevent valid inter-hospital and international comparisons. However, we do not know the true effectiveness of resuscitation. There are no guideline for reviewing, reporting, conducting research on resuscitation in Korea. This study evaluated the out-of-hospital factor associated with survival discharge of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, was especially to provide basic data for the unified reporting guideline of resuscitation in Korea. Methods : From January 1990 to July 2004, we collected data about out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at Wonju Christian Hospital(WCH-CAD), Ewha Women University Mokdong Hospital(Ewha-CAD), I used same record form based on the "Utstein Style". The "Utstein Style" is internationally recommended guidelines for reporting outcome data from resuscitation events. Results : Resuscitation was performed in 1443 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients at 2 hospitals. Five hundred eighty(40.25%) patients recovered the spontaneous circulation at least once and One hundred sixty eight(11.66%) patients discharged alive. Initial EKG showed Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation in One hundred thirty five(9.33%) patients, asystole in one thousand nine(69.73%) patients and other rhythms in one hundred thirty nine(20.94%) patients. Among one hundred two cardiogenic cardiac arrest patients, two(2.0%) patients was discharged alive. Conclusion : Overall survival rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients was 11.66% which was poorer than that of the western country. The proportion of the cardiogenic cause was 33.38% which was only half of the western country. VT/VF is relatively not common ac a initial EKG rhythm. These differences might be to due difference in the prevalence pattern of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest as well as prematurity of the EMSS. It is needed that the best survival can be achieved if all following links have been optimized : rapid access, early CPR, early defibrillation, early ACLS.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to analyze data from the planned national serological monitoring program for Aujeszky's disease (AD) using a simulation model to evaluate probable outcomes expected in the sample derived from the simulated herds at predefined within-herd prevalence and herd prevalence. Additionally, prevalence at animal- and herd-level estimated by the stochastic simulation model based on the distributions of the proportion of infected herds and test-positive animals was compared with those of data from a national serological survey in 2006, in which 106,762 fattening pigs from 5,325 herds were tested for AD using a commercial ELISA kit. A fixed value of 95% was used for test sensitivity, and the specificity was modeled with a minimum, most likely and maximum of 95, 97 and 99%, respectively. The within-herd prevalence and herd prevalence was modeled using Pert and Triang distributions, respectively with a minimum, most likely and maximum point values. In all calculations, population size of 1,000 was used due to lack of representative information. The mean number of infected herds and true test-positives was estimated to be 27 herds (median = 25; 95% percentile 44) and 214 pigs (median = 196; 95% percentile 423), respectively. When testing 20 pigs (mean of 2006 survey) in each herd, there was a 3.3% probability that the potential for false-positive reactions due to less than 100% specificity of the ELISA test would be detected. It was found that the model showed prevalence of 0.21% (99% percentile 0.50%) and 0.5% (99% percentile 0.99%) at animal- and herd-level, respectively. These rates were much similar to data from the 2006 survey (0.62% versus 0.83%). The overall mean herd-level sensitivity of the 2006 survey for fattening pigs was 99.9%, with only a 0.2% probability of failing to detect at least one infected herd.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.144-181
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• 1998

The main purpose of this study is to understand the socio-cultural adaptation and life-styles of the Chinese and Korean immigrants in Vancouver, Canada. Of interest are the immigration policies of the Canadian government and formation of the Chinese and Korean minority societies in Vancouver. Attention is given to estimating the size of the Korean population in Vancouver, utilizing the listings of telephone directory and the proportion of surname Kims in the Korean population. This paper focuses on explaining the distinctive adaptation patterns and socio-cultural characteristics of the Chinese and Korean immigrants. A conceptual scheme of socio-cultual adaptation of the minority immigrants, which is hypothesized as a function of the participation to the host society and the cultural identity, is also developed in this paper. Findings of the analysis suggest that the Chinese and Korean population in Vancouver witnessed a rapid growth since the mid 1980s, when the Canadian government launched the immigration programs for investors and entrepreneurs. It appears that the Chinese and Korean immigrants hold strong ethnic identity and maintain cultural traditions and life-styles of their own. While Chinese immigrants are characterized by active participation to the host society, Korean immigrants tend to confine themselves to the Korean enclave, and thus keep a certain distance from the host society. This appears to be particularly true for the Koreans who immigrated with a status of investor or entrepreneur. As the key force behind the ethnic differences in their adaptation, the role of voluntary associations is stressed. Finally, the future prospects of the Chinese and Korean societies and their acculturation are discussed in this study.