• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.263-274
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• 2018

In this study, the applicability and external/internal stability of a MSEW abutment with a slab were investigated. Structural analysis of slab bridges between 10 ~ 20.0 m and thicknesses of 0.7 ~ 0.9 m was carried out to calculate the reaction forces due to dead and live loads acting on the bridge supports. The slab bridge with a length of 20.0 m satisfied the allowable contact pressure of 200 kPa for the true MSEW abutment. Because the external stability of the true MSEW abutment was dominated by the geometry of the MSE wall, the change in the factor of safety due to the load of the super-structure is small. Because the stiffness of the foundations is fixed and the load of the super-structure is increased, the factor of safety of the bearing capacity was reduced. As the load of the super-structure was increased, the horizontal earth pressure of the true MSEW abutment increased greatly. As a result, the pullout and fracture of the uppermost reinforcement, which are the factors of safety, did not meet the design criteria. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the pullout resistance and the long-term allowable tensile force of the reinforcement placed on the top of the reinforced soils to ensure efficient design and performance of a true MSEW abutment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.928-939
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• 2003

A study was carried out to determine the effect of de-hulling on apparent and true ileal amino acids digestibility of soybean meals for growing pigs. Twenty barrows (Duroc${\times}$Large white${\times}$Longer white) were fitted with a simple T-cannula at the distal ilium. Digestibility of 20 experimental diets was determined, nine of them were de-hulled soybean meal diets, and nine of them were regular soybean meal diets and two low protein casein diets for determination of endogenous amino acid correction for true digestibility determination. A TEX>$5<{\times}5<$ Latin Squares Design was adopted in this trail. The results showed that de-hulling increased apparent ileal digestibility of isoleucine, threonine, aspartic, tyrosine and indispensable and dispensable amino acid (p<0.05) in soybean meals. Furthermore, dehulling is also increased apparent digestibility of arginine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, alanine, glutamic acid, serine and gross amino acids (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences found for histidine, methionine, tryptophan, cystine and glycine (p>0.05). Similar responses were found for true ileal digestibility. In three dehulled and non-dehulled pairs soybean meals from the same respective sources, de-hulling increased apparent digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine 1.42%, 2.06%, 2.18% and 1.40% respectively. True digestibility of lysine, methionine, threonine and cystine was increased 1.65%, 1.94%, 2.30% and 1.82% respectively. A prediction equation for true ileal amino acid digestibility (including lysine and arginine) was established by multivariate linear regression. The independent variables included relevant amino acid, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract and nitrogen free extract. The coefficient R2 values of lysine and agrinine were 0.596 and 0.531 respectively. According to the crude protein content, a prediction equation for lysine and arginine content in soybean meal was also established by single linear regression. The coefficient $R^2$ values of lysine and agrinine were 0.636 and 0.636 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.990-995
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• 2016

In the present study, reversed-phase HPLC was utilized to quantify the ${\beta}$-carotene content of 22 kinds of raw and blanched vegetables consumed in Korea. In addition, true retention (TR) of ${\beta}$-carotene in samples was obtained. For quantification of ${\beta}$-carotene, external standard curve was obtained with limit of detection and limit of quantitation. The ${\beta}$-carotene contents in 22 raw vegetables ranged from 6.29 (bellflower root) to $7,050.73{\mu}g/100g$ (spinach, field culture). After blanching, ${\beta}$-carotene contents of 13 vegetables increased up to 103.05% while nine vegetables resulted in reduced content, ranging from -2.17 to -29.16%. However, even though increased ${\beta}$-carotene content was observed after blanching, TR of some vegetables was lower than 100% due to their weight reduction. The highest TR of ${\beta}$-carotene was found from blanched cabbage (164.46%) while the lowest TR was found from Turcz (Gomchwi) at 59.35%. TR is an effective method to evaluate retention of nutrients in cooked foods, considering changes of nutrient content and weight.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2002

The effect of the foliar application of amino acid mixture on the growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.) seedlings was investigated. The amino acid treatments were initiated at the first (Ll) or second (L2) fully expanded leaf stage. The concentrations of amino acid mixture used were 0,10, 20, and 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ . At Ll stage, the fresh and dry weights of shoot were high in the amino acid treatments. Plant height was the highest in 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ at the third sampling of Ll. At L2 stage, shoot fresh weight was the greatest when the concentration of amino acid mixture was 30 mg.L$^{-1}$ at the third sampling. Plant height was the highest in 30 mg L$^{-1}$ at the second and third samplings. At the third sampling of Ll stage the amino acid mixture affected leaf length and leaf width of the first true leaf. At the third sampling of L2 stage leaf length was not significantly dirtferent between treatments, while leaf width was greater in amino acid treatments. At the second and third samplings of Ll stage the amino acid mixture had effect on leaf length and leaf width of the second true leafs which were not significantly different between treatments at L2 stage. Leaf length and leaf width of the third true leaf were affected by amino acid treatments. In conclusion, when the first true leaf expanded\ulcorner three foliar applications of 20-30 mg . L$^{-1}$ amino acid mixture can stimulate the growth of melon seedlings. If the amino acid mixture is sprayed at the second true leaf stage, two foliar applications of 30 mg . L$^{-1}$ amino acid mixture can improve the growth of melon seedlings.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.168-182
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• 2014

Several Sungsi Gardens were built up in Old West Village during the period of the Joseon Dynasty. Most of them were painted as True-View landscape painting. This study aims at examining original locations of representative gardens of the Old West Village by empirical investigation of related True-View landscape paintings. It seeks to demonstrate the garden landscape in True-View landscape painting by utilizing ArcGIS, 3D topographic modeling to observe geographical locations and landscape more realistically. After forming 3D topographic modeling of estimated locations of the gardens, location of objects at composition of 3D modeling similar to True-View landscape painting was found by shifting viewpoints. And by overlapping the cadastral map on the modeling, we could verify the current lot number of the garden sites. The interpretation of processes and results are as follows. In the early stage, Chungpunggye garden was built at the very end of Mt. InWang valley. The site is hidden from the outside, and appeared as 'Enclosed Landscape'. In the middle stage, Chunghuigak garden was built between Okryu-dong valley and the surrounding ridge. It appeared as 'Semi-Opened Landscape'. In the late stage, Seowon garden was built at the highest level of the ridge among the research areas. It appeared as 'Prospective Landscape'. In the last period, Songsukwon garden, was built at a point of contact of the ridge end and surrounding residential area. So it appeared as 'Opened Landscape' to the town. In other words, the location, landscape and social function of the gardens in Old West Village had been gradually opened in Joseon Dynasty.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.35
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• pp.227-253
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• 2014

The purpose of this article is to prove the fun of cartoon has related in Reality. Ultimately, it will be occurred the expanding result in contact with reader's reality perception. I had pointed out this issue in introduction. Although Fun is our vital power, almost people recognize it as imagination result which is not related in Reality. As the result, we overlooked Fun is contacted in Reality recognition. Creation method of cartoon story emphasize "the Individual character" and "the original nature" also. As this result, it has limitation which neglect "Reality". In main subject, I explained the meaning of Fun and Reality in feeling Korea Cartoon. First, we looked around a theoretical background of fun. With take surveying for various fun characters in several category of cartoon. We can confirm that it was occurred the results contacting "Enlargement of actual recognition" commonly. Second, the main issue of Korea cartoon was "Reality" historically. But, described Reality in cartoon is different from true Reality. Therefore, cartoon is imagined Reality of writer. So he make a heros and make a fun putting a folk tail. Third, described Reality in Korea cartoons make a fun and reader's consensus which is from emotional reality. With limitation of writer's "Reality recognition", almost writers adapted to ideology of ruling classes. Forth, we surveyed Korean cartoons which described "true Reality". Newspaper cartoons during imperialism and Min-joong cartoon in 80' period and 2000th period life documentary cartoon, we participated three sector and surveyed each character. Especially, I am dealing with important inconsistency of true reality. As this result, My cartoon enlarge reader's true reality and make "Fun" of recognizing a true reality.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.751-759
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• 2007

We have developed several methods for the optimization problem having large-scale and highly nonlinear system. First, step by step method in optimization process was employed to improve the convergence. In addition, techniques of furnishing good initial guesses for analysis using sensitivity information acquired from optimization iteration, and of manipulating analysis/optimization convergency criterion motivated from simultaneous technique were used. We applied them to flow control problem and verified their efficiency and robustness. However, they are based on quasi-Newton method that approximate the Hessian matrix using exact first derivatives. However solution of the Navier-Stokes equations are very cost, so we want to improve the efficiency of the optimization algorithm as much as possible. Thus we develop a true Newton method that uses exact Hessian matrix. And we apply that to the three-dimensional problem of flow around a sphere. This problem is certainly intractable with existing methods for optimal flow control. However, we can attack such problems with the methods that we developed previously and true Newton method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2010

True lateral scapula image was very important to diagnosis the scapula fracture and dislocation induced by traumatic injury. The aim of this study was to know the patient rotation angle to be showing the scapula true lateral in korean. d Materials Thirty patients(22men, 8 women, mean ages 53.4)with scapular pain, had supine Anteroposterior projection taken with $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$ trunk rotation angle changing the manual angulation material. Radiographs were evaluated independently by 5 experienced observers(1 orthopedics surgery specialist, 1 diagnostic radiology specialist, 3 radiological technologist) They assessed overlap of vertebral border and axillary border of scapula as follows; Totally overlapping of vertebral border and axillary border is 4, partially overlapping is 3, not overlapping is 2 and oblique location with two borders is 1. All observers scored using by PACS monitor.$30^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $1.53{\pm}0.39$, $40^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $3.83{\pm}0.15$ and $45^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was scored $2.17{\pm}0.43$. There was no difference(p<0.05) between group of more than 100cm of the girth of the chest and group of less than 100cm. Similarly, men and women group showed no difference(p<0.05) with trunk rotation statistically. There was no result of trunk rotation angle to radiograph the true scapula lateral image up to date. This studies were summarized as follows; Adaptation of $40^{\circ}$ trunk rotation was the best to show the true scapula lateral image in korean. Our results were very useful to get the true scapula lateral images in clinic.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.123
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• pp.61-89
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to characterize the reception of Cynicism by Julian, the emperor and Neoplatonist of the late Roman Empire. Julian attempts to restore true Cynicism, while chiding decadent contemporary Cynics. To this end, he idealizes Diogenes as an example of the true Cynic. The main attention is paid to the way in which Julian idealizes Diogenes. First, we introduce the basic features of Cynicism with a focus on the figure of Diogenes. Although Diogenes inherited the ethics of happiness from Socrates and presented the Cynic practices encapsulating - freedom from social customs, self-sufficiency as opposed to vanity and greed, and asceticism - as a shortcut to happiness, he was called a 'Socrates gone mad', owing to his unconventional and shameless words and deeds. Compared to this Diogenes, we try to discern the characteristics of the true Cynic described by Julian. The true Cynic for Julian is a rigorous ascetic like Diogenes, but a Diogenes knowing shame (aidos). He is an intelligent examiner of the opinion of the people like Socrates. However, he is a free man not enslaved to a particular state, but a pious philosopher who defends the divine moral law of the cosmopolis. In the end, it is shown that Julian embraces Cynicism in so far as it can be integrated into Socrates' rationalist moral tradition. We conclude with a brief reflection on the significance of Julian's reception of Cynicism from the perspective of his attempt to unify ancient philosophical traditions in order to protect Hellenism against Christianity.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.559-572
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• 2020

This paper performs laboratory experiments for borehole stability considering temperature and true triaxial stress condition, and observes a thermo-mechanical behavior of the rock under stress and temperature conditions of deep underground. China yellow sandstone and Hwangdeung granite specimens were used to perform a true triaxial compression test. Mechanical tests were carried out under nine confining pressure conditions, and thermo-mechanical tests using granite samples were carried out under six confining pressure conditions at 60-100℃. In the mechanical tests, maximum principal stress at borehole breakout was proportional to intermediate principal stress. In the thermo-mechanical tests, it was confirmed that thermal stress is added to the stress field of the borehole with the increase in temperature, resulting in additional breakout progress. To analyze the results of the laboratory experiment, Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion was used. The results of traditional triaxial compression test on cylindrical specimens and borehole breakout under true triaxial compressions matched well with Mogi-Coulomb failure criterion.