• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 2017

In this paper for developing and implementing the HD level triple streaming hybrid security camera which output the three type of video outputs(HD-SDI, EX-SDI, Analog). We design the hardware and program the firmware supporting the main and sub functions. We use MN34229PL as image sensor, EN778, EN331 as image processor, KA909A as reset, iris, day&night function part, A3901SEJTR-T as zoom/focus control part. We request the performance test of developed security camera at the broadcasting and communication fusion testing department of TTA (Telecommunication Technology Association). We can get the three outputs (HD-SDI, EX-SDI, Analog) from the developed security camera, get the world best level at the jitter and eye pattern amplitude value and exceed the world best level at the signal/noise ratio, and minium illumination, power consumption part. The HD level triple streaming hybrid security camera in this paper will be widely used at the security camera because of the better performance and function.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.413-416
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• 2006

PtRu catalyst is most widely used as anode catalyst for a direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC). To promote the efficiency of the catalysts, it Is important to increase the triple phase boundary. In this study, we have tried to increase the triple phase boundaries in preparing electrocatalysts of the fuel cells, based on the process of grafting a proton-conducting agent onto the catalyst This grafted proton-conducting agent can act as an ionomer like Nafion, currently widely used ionomer. First, we have prepared the 80wt% PtRu/Ketjen Black electrocatalyst by an improved colloidal method. And, we have grafted methylsulfonate groups $(-CH_2SO_3H)$ into the catalyst as proton-conducting agents. As results of cyclic voltammety and single cell test of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), we can conclude that the activity of the grafted electrocatalysts is superior to that of conventional ones, in performance of DMFCs. For our further study, we will investigate the optimum ratio of catalyst/grafted proton conduct Ing agent with maximum performance of a DMFC.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2004

The $Comet{\acute{e}}$ Consultatif de $Thermom{\acute{e}}trie$ (CCT) under the Comete International des Poids et Measures (CIPM) has decided to perform the Key Comparison (KC) for triple point of water cells used as a reference fixed point of thermometry at the 21st meeting held at November 2001, and the Bureau International des Poids et Measures (BIPM) has been nominated as a KC coordinator. According to the KC protocol prepared by BIPM, KRISS performed the KC experiments and evaluate a uncertainty. The temperature difference between two reference cells for the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) and a test cell for the transfer standard, which is moved to BIPM was 0.024 mK and the combined standard uncertainty evaluated 0.055 mK.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.412-419
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• 2020

In this study, a 70 W buck converter using GaN metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) is developed. This converter exhibits over 97 % efficiency, high power density, and 48 V-to-12 V/1.2 V/1 V (triple output). Three gate drivers and six GaN MOSFETs are placed in a 1 ㎠ area to enhance power density and heat dissipation capacity. The theoretical switching and conduction losses of the GaN MOSFETs are calculated. Inductances, capacitances, and resistances for the output filters of the three buck converters are determined to achieve the desired current, voltage ripples, and efficiency. An equivalent circuit model for the thermal analysis of the proposed triple-output buck converter is presented. The junction temperatures of the GaN MOSFETs are estimated using the thermal model. Circuit operation and temperature analysis are evaluated using a circuit simulation tool and the finite element analysis results. An experimental test bed is built to evaluate the proposed design. The estimated switch and heat sink temperatures coincide well with the measured results. The designed buck converter has 130 W/in³ power density and 97.6 % efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2018

Purpose: Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) are important for staging of patients with node-positive breast cancer. However, these can be avoided in select micrometastatic diseases, preventing postoperative complications. The present study evaluated the ability of axillary lymph node maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) to predict axillary metastasis of breast cancer. Methods: The records of invasive breast cancer patients who underwent pretreatment (surgery and/or chemotherapy) PET-CT between January 2006 and December 2014 were reviewed. ALNs were preoperatively evaluated by PET-CT. Lymph nodes were dissected by SLNB or ALND. SUVmax was measured in both the axillary lymph node and primary tumor. Student t-test and chi-square test were used to analyze sensitivity and specificity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) analyses were performed. Results: SUV-tumor (SUV-T) and SUV-lymph node (SUV-LN) were significantly higher in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) group than in other groups (SUV-T: 5.99, P<0.01; SUV-LN: 1.29, P=0.014). The sensitivity (0.881) and accuracy (0.804) for initial ALN staging were higher in fine needle aspiration+PET-CT than in other methods. For PET-CT alone, the subtype with the highest sensitivity (0.870) and negative predictive value (0.917) was TNBC. The AUC for SUV-LN was greatest in TNBC (0.797). Conclusion: The characteristics of SUV-T and SUV-LN differed according to immunohistochemistry subtype. Compared to other subtypes, the true positivity of axillary metastasis on PET-CT was highest in TNBC. These findings could help tailor management for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5811-5816
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• 2013

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. Molecular subtypes are important in determining prognosis. This study evaluated five-year disease-free survival among four molecular subtypes in patients with early stages of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective descriptive-analytical study, information on patients with breast cancer between 2001-2010 was evaluated. Five hundred ninety two patients in the early stages of breast cancer (stages 1 and 2) were selected to undergo anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Relapse, death or absence (censor) were considered as the end of the study. Patients based on ER, PR and HER-2 expression were divided into four subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER-2 enriched and triple negative). Information based upon questionnaire was analysed. To show the patients survival rate, life table and Kaplan-Meyer methods were used, and for comparing mean survival among different groups, the Log-Rank test was utilized. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was $47.9{\pm}9.6$. Out of the 592 patients, 586 were female (99%) and 6 were male (1%). Considering breast cancer molecular subtypes, 361 patients were in the luminal A group (61%), 49 patients in the luminal B group (8.3%), 48 patients in the HER-2 enriched group (8.1%) and 134 in the triple negative group (22.6%). Mean disease-free survival was 53.7 months overall, 55.4 months for the luminal A group, 48.3 months for the luminal B group, 43 months for the HER-2enriched group and 54.6 months for the triple negatives. Disease free survival differed significantly among the molecular subtypes (p value=0.0001). Conclusions: The best disease-free survival rate was among the luminal A subgroup and the worst disease-free survival rate was among the HER-2 enriched subgroup. Disease free survival rate in the HER-2 positive groups (luminal B and HER-2 enriched) was worse than the HER-2 negative groups (luminal A and triple negative).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9909-9913
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• 2014

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains an important cause of gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease worldwide. Treatment of H. pylori infection is one of the effective ways to prevent gastric cancer. However, standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication is no longer effective in many countries, including Thailand. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of adding bismuth and probiotic to standard triple therapy for H. pylori eradication. Materials and Methods: In this prospective single center study, H. pylori infected gastritis patients were randomized to receive 7- or 14-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth with probiotic or placebo. Treatment regimen consisted of 30 mg lansoprazole twice daily, 1 g amoxicillin twice daily, 1 g clarithromycin MR once daily and 1,048mg bismuth subsalicylate twice daily. Probiotic bacteria composed of Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei. Placebo was conventional drinking yogurt without probiotic. CYP2C19 genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility tests were also done. H pylori eradication was defined as a negative $^{13}C$-urea breath test at least 2 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: One hundred subjects were enrolled (25 each to 7- and 14-day regimens with probiotic or placebo). Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed 36.7% metronidazole and 1.1% clarithromycin resistance. CYP2C19 genotyping revealed 40.8%, 49% and 10.2% were rapid, intermediate and poor metabolizers, respectively. The eradication rates of 7- or 14 regimens with probiotics were 100%. Regarding adverse events, the incidence of bitter taste was significantly lower in the 7- day regimen with the probiotic group compared with 7- day regimen with placebo (40% vs. 64%; p=0.04). Conclusions: The 7-day standard triple therapy plus bismuth and probiotic can provide an excellent cure rate of H. pylori (100%) in areas with low clarithromycin resistance such as Thailand, regardless of CYP2C19 genotype. Adding a probiotic also reduced treatment-related adverse events.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.128-131
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• 2018

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal discrepancy of full-arch frameworks in implant-supported prostheses fabricated using pre-sintered soft alloy (PSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Full-arch metal frameworks were fabricated on the edentulous implant model using casting alloy (CA), fully-sintered hard alloy (FHA), and PSA (n = 4 in each group). To evaluate the misfit of the framework to the abutments, the absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD) values of the frameworks were measured in cross-sectional images that had been drawn as part of the triple-scan protocol. The AMD values were compared among the tested alloy groups using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a post hoc Mann-Whitney U test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. The FHA and PSA groups showed lower marginal discrepancies than the CA group (P<.001). However, the FHA group did not differ significantly from the PSA group. CONCLUSION. Soft alloy milling is comparable to hard alloy milling, and it is more precise than casting in terms of the marginal fit of implant-supported, full-arch prostheses.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-51
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• 1998

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by a deletion of the short arm on chromosome 4 and is characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, growth and mental retardation. In this case report, we performed amniocentesis for the chromosome analysis on a 25-year-old pregnant woman at 16 weeks of gestation whom we suspected of Edward's syndrome by the triple test of maternal serum and ultrasonography. The result of analysis revealed a karyotype of the fetus with 46,XY,del(4)(p15) by trypsin Giemsa's banding technique. With the result, we were able to diagnose the fetus as having WHS. As such, after therapeutic termination of the pregnancy, we confirmed WHS through the sampling of tissue by both trypsin Giemsa's banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method. To determine the origin of the WHS, we further tested the karyotypes of the parents. As parental karyotypes were found to be normal, we determined the case of the fetal WHS to be de novo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.97-97
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• 2017

This study investigated the corrosion protection by electrodeposited copper layer on AZ31 Mg alloy with and without additional silver layer by immersion test, salt spray test, OCP transient and potentiodynamic polarization experiment. The single electrodeposited Cu layer on AZ31 Mg alloy showed a nodular structure with many imperfections of crevices between the nodules, which resulted in the fast initiation of pitting corrosion within first few hours of immersion. Double-layer coating of Cu and outer Ag layer slightly increased the initiation time for pitting corrosion. Triple-layer coatings of Cu/Ag/Cu exhibited the most efficient corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy, compared to the single- and double-layer coatings. Surface morphology of the outer Cu layer in the triple-layer was changed from the nodular structure to fine particle structure with no crevices due to the presence of an additional Ag layer. Thus, the improved corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy by electrodeposited Cu/Ag or Cu/Ag/Cu layers is readily ascribed to the decreased number of imperfections in the electrodeposited layers due to the additional silver layer. It is concluded that the additional silver layer provides many nucleation sites for the second Cu plating, resulting in the formation of finer and denser structure than the first Cu electrodeposit.