• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.307-311
• /
• 2014

2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) is used as a redox indicator in culture media. It is colorless in the oxidized form and is reduced to formazan, an insoluble pigment, by dehydrogenases in actively growing microbial cells. The aim of this study was to assess by microbial test of the pathogenic microorganisms using TTC reduction. The pathogenic microorganisms were reduced in medium by dehydrogenase to produce insoluble red formazan. We observed that the optimization method of TTC allowed more than 12 h incubation in 0.04% concentration. Also, the growth of microorganisms with media was increased formazan production. We confirmed that microorganisms were quickly observed to grow colonies cultured red color without affecting the growth of microorganisms. It is suggested that the microbial test using TTC can provide better and quicker test method in cosmetics development.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 1970

This experiment was carried out to investigate the yeasts for the brewing of red pepper paste during the fermentation periods. The yeasts in the red pepper paste were isolated and identified, and they were classified by coloring with the treatment of TTC(2, 3, 5, triphenyltetrazolium chloride) agar and counted in process of time.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 1970

1. The yeasts in the two samples of Nuruk (mold wheat) which one prepared at the College of Agriculture, Choong-Nam University (S) and the other purchased at a market(T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the market (T), were examined and counted. The yeasts were differe entiated by the TTC(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride)agar overlay technique that yields a varied shade of color. The results were : the population of yeasts in 1g of Nuruk S was about $6{\times}10^4$, 56.5% of which were TTC-pink yeasts, 16% TTC-red pink yeasts, 8% were TTC-red yeasts, and 16.5% TTC-white yeasts. In Nuruk T(1g), the number of yeasts accounted for $14{\times}10^4$ and constituted of 42% TTC0pink, 21% TTC-red pink, 23% TTC-red and 9% TTC-white. 2. During the fermentation of Takju (Korean Sake) employing the Nuruk S and T the yeast flora throughout the brewing were observed in 12 hour intervals. TTC pink and red yeasts considered to be the major yeasts were isolated all cultured. The strains ($1{\times}10^5$/ml) were added to the mashes S and T in which pH was adjusted to 4.2 and the change of yeast flora was examined during fermentation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 2007

Freezing hardiness of winter bud and branch according to dormancy level and low temperature, in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars, was investigated by electrolyte leaching rate, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and sprouting. Electrolyte leaching rate was lowest in branch of 20th January and was highest in the 20th March. The electrolyte leaching rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Cheongdobansi' was high in the 20th January and was low in the 20th February, but 'Uenishiwase' and 'Nishimurawase' was opposed to that. 'Hachiva' was the middle level in the cultivars. Absence rate by TTC test was highest in the 20th January and was low in the others. The 20th March had a great decrease in $-10^{\circ}C$ treatment. The absence rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Uenishiwase' was low in the 20th January and March and was high in the 20th February. 'Nishimurawase' and 'Hachiya' had a high level irrespective of dormancy level. Sprouting was highest in the 20th February and was lowest in 20th March. Most cultivars were not sprout in $-20^{\circ}C$ treatment and 'Fuyu', 'Nishimurawase' and 'Cheongdobansi' was a little high level irrespective of dormancy level. 'Hachiya' was only high in the 20th January. Thus, freezing hardiness of persimmon was very weak low temperature after dormancy breaking and was not different between astringent and non-astringent persimmon.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2014

Freezing hardiness of winter bud and branch of several pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) cultivars according to degree and duration of low temperatures was investigated by sprouting, electrolyte leaching rate and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Sprouting rate as infected by degree and duration of low temperature were different between cultivars. The lower temperature, the longer duration, sprouting rate was decreased. Electrolyte leaching rate was showed above 30% at below $-30^{\circ}C$ treatment regardless of cultivars and duration. The lower temperature and the longer duration, Electrolyte leaching rate was increased. Electrolyte leaching rates of Manpungbae, Niitaka and Chuwhangbae at $-30^{\circ}C$ for 9 hours treatment which were observed high sprouting rate, were lower than those of other varieties. Absorbance rates by TTC test at $-21^{\circ}C$ treatment were 66.0 to 96.5% for 6 hours, 49.4 to 91.9% for 9 hours, and 37.3 to 89.4% for 12 hours. Freezing hardiness of pear cultivars at ecodormancy was different according to degree and duration of low temperature treatments.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.114-114
• /
• 2002

Purpose： To know the fate of Gadophrin-2-enhanced areas in hearts with acute reperfused myocardial infarction. Method： The left anterior descending branches of coronary arteries were occluded for 90 min and reperfused for 60 min in 15 rabbits. Then, Gadophrin-2 (0.05 mmol/kg) was injected via ear veins. Short-axial T1-weighted spin echo images and fast cine images were obtained 24 hours after injection of Gadophrin-2. After four weeks, short-axial cine MRI was performed and T1-weighted spin echo Images were obtained 5 min and 15 min after injection of Gd-DTPA (0.2 mmol/kg). The animals were sacrificed and short-axial slices of the specimen were stained with 1.5% triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1970

This experiment was carried out to investigate the yeasts for the brewing of soy sauce. The yeasts in the soy sauce koji were isolated and identified. And they were classified by coloring with the treatment of TTC(2, 3, 5 triphenyltetrazolium chloride) agar and counted. The result, obtained was as follows; a) The number of the yeasts in the Koji was increased in process of incubation time: about $97{\times}10^3$ per gram of Koji incubated for 3 days, $135{\times}10^3$ 4 days and $179{\times}10^3$ 5days. b) They were classified as 53.6-71.9 per cent of TTC while yeasts for the most, 5.6-11.1 per cent of red yeasts, 6.8-19.5 per cent of red pink yeasts and 11.1-22.6 per cent of pink yeasts. c) 30 strains of yeasts were isolated from the Koji optionally, and they were identified as 6 genera and 11 species: 5 strains of Saccharomyces rouxii, 2 strains of Saccharomyces fermentati, 1 strain of Saccharomyces rosei, 6 strains of Saccharomyces rosei, 6 strains of Hansenula anomala, 1 strain of Hansenula suaveolens, 6 strains of Pichia polymorpha, 2 strains of Debaryomyces hansenii, 2 strains of Debaryomyces nicotianae, 2 strains of Torulopsis candida 2 strains of Torulopsis sake and 1 strains of Torulopsis sake and 1 strain of Candida pelliculosa. d) The yeasts belonging to Hansenula suaveolens, Hansenula anomala Candida pelliculosa, Debaryomyces nicotianae and Pichia polymorplza were classified as TTC white yeasts, Saccharomyces rouxii and Sacharomyces rosei were red, Saccharomyces fermentati and Debaryomyces hancenii were red pink, and Torulopsis candida and Torulopsis sake were pink. e) Generally the growth of the yeasts isolated were rapid on the media containing none or 10 per cent of sodium chloride but almost restrained on the media containing 15-18 per cent of sodium chloride.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.167-173
• /
• 2016

The broth microdilution technique used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of natural compounds against bacteria is problematic: it is difficult to visualize bacterial growth due to the color of the natural compound. Therefore, the use of a colorimetric method with a redox indicator by broth microdilution can simplify it and increase its objectivity. This study evaluated the usefulness of the colorimetric method in measuring the MIC of Phellinus baumii against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The inhibition in disc diffusion method was observed from $8,192{\mu}g/mL$ P. baumii in all 10 MRSA isolates examined; however, the MIC ranges of the 10 MRSA isolates was $512{\sim}2,048{\mu}g/mL$ by broth microdilution using a colorimetric method; with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) indicator. In addition, the MIC of P. baumii by broth microdilution using MTT as indicator yielded excellent results. However, the 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) results could not be determined due to the color of the TTC indicator. The MICs of four antibiotics against MRSA using MTT or TTC were equal to those determined by visual interpretation. In conclusion, to evaluate the antibacterial effects of a natural compound, the broth microdilution technique is considered to be better than the disc diffusion method. Moreover, to resolve the problems caused by the colors of natural compounds, a colorimetric method such as that using MTT may be very valuable.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2018

Objective : Sleep disorder caused by stress or disease to elderly currently. We tried to make clear constant exercise according to exercise intensity would have effect on sleep disorder in elderly using EEG and melatonin. Methods : Thirty subjects were over 65 years old who lived a senior facility in some parts. They were able to communicate and understand the purpose of the study. They also expressed their intension to participate actively in experiment. They should have alert consciousness and orientation about time, place, and people. Sleep disorder was assessed via below 6 hr total sleep time and Pittsburge Sleep Quality Index, which was satisfied with both of criterion at the same time. Exercises composed of low intensity walking, moderate aerobic exercise, and high intensity resistance strength. We used QEEG 8-System (LAXTHA Inc. KOREA) to check wave type and Polysomnograpy (Compumedics, Australia) to test quality of sleep. and Histologic features were observed by TTC (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) staining and H & E (Hematoxylin & Eosin) staining. Results : There was a significant sleep index and change of melatonin after aerobic exercise. There was a significant SOL, S1, S2, and SWS in aerobic exercise, but there was a significant SWS in walking and resistance strength. There was a significant change of delta wave especially in frontal and temporal region between exercises. Conclusion : They had different effects according to type of exercise, when elderly who have chemical, behavioral change of circadian rhythms did exercise consistently. Aerobic exercise had more effect on sleep disorder than other exercise. Therefore, we may supply proper exercise to elderly and high quality of life.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.140-146
• /
• 2019

Background: This study investigated the effects of Vipera lebetina turanica snake venom (SV) on cerebral infarction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Methods: Following cerebral infarction, SV was injected intravenously or added to BV2 cell culture. Tissue injury was detected using triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, neurological deficit score, NO, ROS, and GSH/GSSG assays, qPCR, Western blot, and cell viability. Results: Cerebral infarction caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion as observed by TTC staining, showed SV inhibited cell death, reducing the number of brain cells injured due to infarction. SV treatment for cerebral infarction showed a significant decrease in abnormal behavior, as determined by the neurological deficit score. The oxidation and inflammation of the cells that had cerebral infarction caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (NO assay, ROS, GSH/GSSG assay, and qPCR), showed significant protection by SV. Western blot of brain infarction cells showed the expression of iNOS, COX-2, p-IkB-${\alpha}$, P38, p-JNK, p-ERK to be lower in the SV group. In addition, the expression of IkB increased. BV2 cells were viable when treated with SV at $20{\mu}g/mL$ or less. Western blot of BV2 cells, treated with 0.625, 1.5, $2.5{\mu}g/mL$ of SV, showed a significant decrease in the expression of p-IkB-${\alpha}$, p-JNK, iNOS, and COX-2 on BV2 cells induced by LPS. Conclusion: SV showed anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects against cerebral infarction and inflammation.