• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.331-336
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• 2009

Objectives : The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between lifestyle-implementation and metabolic syndrome in an electronics research and development company, and to provide a foundation for health providers of health management programs for setting priorities. Methods : From July 1 to July 16, 2008 we carried out a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Consecutive workers of one R & D company in Seoul, Korea (N=2,079) were enrolled in study. A checklist for lifestyle (from the National Health Insurance Corporation) consisted of questions regarding diet, drinking, smoking and exercise. After the survey, researchers obtained data from health profiles for metabolic syndrome(waist-circumference, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar level). Lifestyle was recorded as good or not good. Statistical analysis of metabolic syndrome and the lifestyle of subjects was done using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results : The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study gropu was 13.3% (N=277). After adjustment for age, the adjusted odds ratios (odds ratio, 95% confidence intervals) for metabolic syndrome increased in proportion to the number of bad habits: two (1.72, 1.23-2.44), three (2.47, 1.73-3.56), and four (3.63, 2.03-6.34). Relative to subjects eating both vegetables and meat', the OR for 'meat' eaters was 1.66 (1.18-2.31). Compared with 'nonsmokers and ever-smoker', the OR for 'current-smoker' was 1.62 (1.25-2.10). Compared with 'Healthy drinker', the OR for 'unhealthy drinker' was 1.38 (1.05-1.83). Conclusions : Poor lifestyle was associated with an increased likelihood of metabolic syndrome. These findings suggest that lifestyle-based occupational health interventions for young employees should include a specific diet, smoking cessation, and healthy-drinking programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.315-322
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• 2009

Objectives : Knowledge about the management status of diabetic melitus (DM) is essential to improve diabetic management. Moreover, low income is associated with poor adherence to treatment and increased mortality. This study was performed to evaluate the management status of DM in low-income patients in a rural area. Methods : We enrolled 370 patients with type 2 DM living in Gokseong county, JeollaNamdo. A well-trained examiner measured the height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting blood sugar and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Carotid ultrasonography was used to measure carotid artery carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque. anklebrachial index (ABI) was used to evaluate peripheral artery disease. A fundoscopic examination was performed to evaluate diabetic retinopathy. A history of diabetes complications and health-related questionnaires were also completed. Results : The age of diabetic subjects was 68.7$\pm$8.7 years and the duration of diabetes was 8.9$\pm$8.2 years. Most (63.5%) had hypertension, and 45.7% had triglycerides below 150 mg/dl, 38.1% had low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) cholesterol below 100 mg/dl, 48.7% had urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) below 30 mg/g. Less than half (45.9%) achieved the goal of HbA1c less than 7% suggested by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). 10.6% had peripheral vascular disease, 11.9% had retinopathy, and 60.8% had chronic kidney disease. Conclusions : DM management in low income patients is very poor and requires further work to improve.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of body composition, serum lipids and several parameters of body fatness (percent body fat, waist-hip ratio) in abdominal women by exercise. For this study, 8-weeks intensive exercise(5km jogging/day, 50min/day) was continued by subjects and they limited only fat rich foods and controlled daily energy intake to 1,800kcal～2,100kcal per day. The subjects were 52 women and the distribution of ages was 36～54 years. The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC package program and the results were estimated by paired t-test, Pearson correlation. The results are summarized as follows : 1) After exercise-training for 8 weeks, percent body fat, body mass index, body weight, total cholesterol was decreased (p<0.05). 2) LDL cholesterol and triglyceride was decreased significantly(p=0.000). The changes in deep abdominal adipose tissue were related to changes in triglycerides. 3) After exercise training, the waist-hip ratio was significantly correlated to body weight and serum lipids. 4) According to the data of this study, Ⅰ recommended that obese women, especially, abdominal obese patients should exercise regularly and we should prolong many studies for obesity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.1732-1737
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of feeding transgenic cottonseed (Bt.) vis-a-vis non-transgenic (non-Bt.) cottonseed on blood biochemical constituents in lactating Murrah buffaloes. Twenty Murrah buffaloes in mid-lactation were divided into 2 groups of 10 each. Animals of group I were fed with 39.5% non-transgenic cottonseed in concentrate mixture while the same percentage of transgenic (Bt.) cottonseed was included in the concentrate mixture fed to the animals of group II. Animals of both groups were fed with concentrate mixture to support their milk production requirements. Each buffalo was also offered 20 kg mixed green fodder (oats and berseem) and wheat straw ad libitum. The experimental feeding trial lasted for 35 days. There was no significant difference in the dry matter intake between the two groups of buffaloes. All the buffaloes gained body weight, however, the differences were non significant. Total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content and packed cell volume were $9.27{\pm}0.70${\times}10^6/{\mu}l$, $13.01{\pm}0.60gdl$ and $34.87{\pm}1.47%$, respectively in group I with the corresponding figures of $8.88{\pm}0.33$, $12.99{\pm}0.52$ and $31.08{\pm}1.52$ in group II. The values of total erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and packed cell volume did not differ significantly between the two groups of buffaloes. The concentration of plasma glucose, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein were non significantly higher in buffaloes fed non-transgenic cottonseed than in buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. The cholesterol concentration was significantly (p<0.01) higher in buffaloes of group I ($136.84{\pm}8.40mg/dl$) than in buffaloes of group II ($105.20{\pm}1.85mg/dl$). The serum alkaline phosphotase, glutamic-oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamic-pyruate transaminase activities did not differ significantly between two groups of buffaloes. However, serum glutamic-pyruate transaminase activity was considerably high in buffaloes fed nontransgenic cottonseed as compared to buffaloes fed transgenic cottonseed. Bt. proteins in serum samples of animals of group II were not detected after 35 days of feeding trial. It was concluded that transgenic cottonseed and non-transgenic cottonseed have similar nutritional value without any adverse effects on health status of buffaloes as assessed from haematobiochemical constituents.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4435-4440
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• 2013

Aloe vera gel supercritical $CO_2$ extract (AVGE) has been shown to contain five phytosterols, reduce visceral fat accumulation, and influence the metabolism of glucose and lipids in animal model experiments. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers including colorectal cancer. Therefore, we examined the effects of AVGE on intestinal polyp formation in Apc-deficient Min mice fed a high-fat diet. Male Min mice were divided into normal diet (ND), high fat diet (HFD), low dose AVGE (HFD+LAVGE) and high dose AVGE (HFD+HAVGE) groups. The ND group received AIN-93G diet and the latter 3 groups were given modified high-fat AIN-93G diet (HFD) for 7 weeks. AVGE was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and administered orally to mice in HFD+LAVGE and HFD+HAVGE groups every day (except on Sunday) for 7 weeks at a dose of 3.75 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively. ND and HFD groups received 0.5% CMC alone. Between weeks 4 and 7, body weights in the HFD and HFD+LAVGE groups were reduced more than those in the ND group. However, body weights were not reduced in the HFD+HAVGE group. Mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiment and their intestines were scored for polyps. No significant differences were observed in either the incidence and multiplicity of intestinal polyps (${\geq}0.5$ mm in a diameter) among the three groups fed HFD. However, when intestinal polyps were categorized by their size into 0.5-1.4, 1.5-2.4, or ${\geq}2.5$ mm, the incidence and multiplicity of large polyps (${\geq}2.5$ mm) in the intestine in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly lower than those in the HFD group. We measured plasma lipid (triglycerides and total cholesterol) and adipocytokine [interleukin-6 and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin] levels as possible indicators of mechanisms of inhibition. The results showed that HMW adiponectin levels in the HFD group were significantly lower than those in the ND group. However, the levels in the HFD+HAVGE group were significantly higher than those in the HFD group. These results indicate that HAVGE reduced large-sized intestinal polyps and ameliorated reduction in plasma HMW adiponectin levels in Min mice fed HFD.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-733
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• 1996

2-(Allylthio)pyrazine is effective in selectively suppressing constitutive and inducible expression of cytochrome P450 2E1. The effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine against potentiat ed chemical injury was studied in rats. Vitamin-A pretreatment of rats substantially increased carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity, as supported by an ~4-fold increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity. Concomitant pretreatment of rats with 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the daily dose of 200mg/kg resulted in a 76% decrease in vitamin-A-potentiated hepatotoxicity, which supported the possibility that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine protects the liver against chemical-induced hepatic injury by the mechanism associated with Kupffer cell inactivation. Pyridine pretreatment caused substantial enhancement in carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine treatment of rats reduced the pyridine-potentiated toxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Animals treated with both pyridine and 2-(allylthio)pyrazine prior to intoxicating dose of CCl$_4$ resulted in 85% and 47% decreases in pyridine-increased triglycerides and cholesterol levels in the liver. The protective effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine on the DNA strand breakage induced by benzenetriol was assessed by measuring the conversion of supercoiled ${\Phi}x$-174 DNA to the open relaxed form. 2-(Allylthio)pyrazine blocked the benzenetriol-induced conversion of supercoiled DNA to open circular form in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine at the doses from I to 10mM in the incubation mixture containing 5 ${\mu}$M benzenetriol completely protected benzenetriol-induced DNA strand breakage with the EC50 for the 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocking being noted as ~220 ${\mu}$M, whereas allyl disulfide exerted protecting effect at relatively high concentrations (i.e. ~850 ${\mu}$M), suggesting that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine effectively scavenges the reactive oxygen species. These results provide evidence that 2-(allylthio)pyrazine blocks vitamin A- or pyridine-potentiated CCl$_4$ hepatotoxicity and that the agent is active in protecting DNA by scavenging the reactive oxygen species.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

Korean Red Ginseng (RG) are used as a traditional treatment for improve blood circulation. This experimental study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Korean red ginseng on lipid metabolism in high fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD)-induced hypertriglyceridemia. Sprague Dawley rats were fed the HFCD diet with/without fluvastatin (Flu, positive control) 3 mg/kg/day, and RG 125 or 250 mg/kg/day, respectively. All groups received regular diet or HFCD diet, respectively, for 13 weeks. The last three groups treatment of Flu and RG 125, and RG 250 orally for a period of 9 weeks. Group 1, reular diet; group 2, HFCD diet; group 3, Flu + HFCD diet; group 4, RG 125 + HFCD diet; group 5, RG 250 + HFCD diet. As a result, treatment with low or high doses of RG markedly attenuated plasma levels of triglycerides and augmented plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in HFCD-fed rats. RG and Flu also led to an increase in lipoprotein lipase activity in the HFCD group. On the other hand, RG and Flu led to an decrease in fatty acid synthase and free fatty acid activity in the HFCD group. Treatment with RG suppressed increased expressions of $PPAR-{\alpha}$ and AMPK in HFCD rat liver or muscle. In addition, the RG attenuated triglyceridemia by inhibition of $PPAR-{\gamma}$ and FABP protein expression levels and LXR and SREBP-1 gene expression in liver or muscle. The RG significantly prevented the development of the metabolic disturbances such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia. Taken together, the administration of RG improves hypertriglyceridemia through the alteration in suppression of triglyceride synthesis and accentuated of triglyceride decomposition. These results suggested that RG is useful in the prevention or treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.590-598
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• 2012

Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal (Control), high cholesterol (HC), and high cholesterol containing 3.5% pectin-hydrolytic activity industrial enzyme (Viscozyme L)-treated tomato cakes (ETC) for 4 weeks. In the first week, the weight gain of the HC-fed group was significantly increased to 151.7% (p<0.05), compared to the 115.4% weight gain of the ETC-fed group. The feed efficiencies of the Control- and ETC-fed groups ($0.236{\pm}0.041$ and $0.447{\pm}0.030$, respectively) were significantly different to those of HC-fed group ($0.355{\pm}0.034$) (p<0.05). The kidney and epididymal fat pad of the rats fed with ETC were decreased to 0.303 g and 0.274 g, respectively. There were no significant differences in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels between the HC- and ETC-fed groups. The ETC-fed group exhibited approximately a 1.1-fold higher total antioxidant activity determined by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radicals than the HC-fed group at 2 weeks. Glutathione peroxidase activity of the ETC-fed group exhibited 2.5-and 1.3-fold increases at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2013

This study investigated the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica and other natural resources (OF) in db/db and C57 mice. Plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity, fecal bile acid excretion, the histopathological appearance of the liver, and cholesterol-related mRNA expression were determined. Mice (12 db/db mice and 12 C57 mice) were assigned to diabetic-control (db-C), diabetic-OF treatment (db-OF), normal-control (C57-C), and normal-OF treatment (C57-OF) groups. Animals in the control group were fed an AIN-76 recommended diet and animals in the OF group were fed an experimental diet containing 5% of OF for 4 weeks. Concentrations of total plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol decreased with the administration of OF. In contrast, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were minimally affected by the experimental diet. Plasma AST and ALT showed lower activities in the db-OF group, and the fecal excretion of bile acid was reduced in the db-OF group. Histopathological analysis of the liver showed that fatty liver conditions in the db-OF group were more improved than db-C. Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and cholesterol 7${\alpha}$-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) mRNA expression were increased in the db-OF group as well. However, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R) mRNA expression was lower in the db-OF group. These results provide experimental evidence about improved lipid metabolism of the OF feeding in the db/db mice.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2002

Background: The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis still depend on conserve therapy in major. Recent studies report that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) could modulate the incidence and progress of arthritis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 PUFA on the development of collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Materials and Methods: Female Louvain rats were used for this experiment. Rats were randomly assigned into either normal (n=8) or collagen-immunized groups, and collagen immunized groups were divided into control(n=8, normal diet) and n-3 PUFA(n=8, 5% n-3 PUFA in diet) groups. One week after feeding n-3 PUFA to rats, they were immunized with type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant into tail and back. Development of arthritis was confirmed by x-ray and microscopic examination. Results: Incidence of arthritis at the 5th week after immunization was 38% in control and 0% in n-3 PUFA. Rats with arthritis showed edema in hind paws and inflammation in synovial membrane of the knee joint. Plasma glucose and insulin were not changed by both of immunization and diet. Plasma triglycerides and cholesterol concentrations were decreased by n-3 PUFA. Conclusion: n-3 PUFA may prevent or treat collagen-induced arthritis m rats. Further studies are needed for action mechanism of it.