• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.3 s.138
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• pp.229-232
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• 2004

Chronical intake of alcohol can cause alcoholic fatty liver. Fatty liver is caused by fat infiltration: the state of high rate of fat in liver cells and by losing the balance between the synthesis and the secretion of fatty acid. It could be developed into liver necrosis and cirrhosis. Ka-Mi-Chung-Gan-Tang (KMCGT) is a decoction used for fatty liver as oriental medicines in China. The prescription is composed of Ginseng Radix, Bupleuri Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Pinelliae Tuber, Artemisiae capillaris Herba, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zizyphi Fructus and Glycyrrhizae Radix etc. We have induced alcoholic fatty liver by ethanol administration (6 g/kg, single dose/day, for a week) on rats and observed changes of triglyceride, cholesterol and lipid peroxidation in liver tissues of them. Also we checked the activities of GOT and GPT in blood of rats. KMCGT inhibited significantly the increase of triglyceride, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation level and effectively the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2000

Most fatty acids in food matrices are triglyceride(TG) forms. Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) produced from linoleic acid by microorganisms or chemicals is a free form. To apply the CLA to food systems, the TG containing CLA(designate CLA-TG) was synthesized by Lipozyme-catalyzed esterification method. An optimum reaction con-dition for the esterification of free CLA(FCLA) to glycerol by Lipozyme was determined as follows; Lipozyme(50mg) effectively catalyzed the esterification of CLA(500mg) to glycerol(1150mg) dissolved in isooctane (3ml) in a shaking incubator (200 rpm, 5$0^{\circ}C$) for 48 hr. Under the reaction condition, the resultant contained 52.4% CLA-TG as well as 31.1% Di-CLA-glycerol(CLA-DG), 7.6% mono-CLA-glycerol(CLA-MG), and 9.0% other CLA(un-reacted FCLA plus CLA dimer). These results suggest that the Lipozyme could be a useful enzyme for the production of CLA-TG to be employed in foods.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.608-613
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• 2011

The aqueous Green tea comes to be used with the Oriental medicine plant, it has the numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti- carcinogenic properties. Epidermal progenitor cells give rise to multiple skin lineages: hair follicle, sebaceous gland and the overlying interfollicular epidermis. Sebocytes are the cells of the sebaceous gland, which synthesize and accumulate lipid dropolets. In order to determine the effect of Green tea on lipid production, several experiments were performed in SZ95 cells (sebocytes). We found that Green tea increased lipid droplets compared with control in a dose-dependent manner. Human sebaceous glands produce sebum, a lipid mixture of squalene, wax esters, triglycerides, cholesterol esters, and free fatty acids that is secreted onto the skin. Therefore, to investigate the effects of Green tea on intracellular lipid levels, we treated SZ95 cells with Green tea, and then examined cholesterol and triglyceride levels. After treatment of the cells with Green tea, the cholesterol and triglyceride levels of SZ95 cells were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.768-776
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• 2006

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common in obesity. However, weight reduction alone does not prevent the progression of NAFLD to end-stage disease associated with the development of cirrhosis and liver disease. In a previous experiment, 50% ethanol extract of Acanthopanax senticosus stem bark (ASSB) was found to reduce body weight and insulin resistance in high fat diet-induced hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic ICR mice. To evaluate the anti-steatosis action of ASSB, insulin-resistant ob/ob mice with fatty livers were treated with ASSB ethanol extract for an 8 week-period. ASSB ethanol extract reversed the hepatomegaly, as evident in reduction of % liver weight/body weight ratio. ASSB ethanol extract also specifically lowered circulating glucose and lipids, and enhanced insulin action in the liver. These changes culminated in inhibition of triglyceride synthesis in non-adipose tissues including liver and skeletal muscle. Gene expression studies confirmed reductions in glucose 6-phosphatase and lipogenic enzymes in the liver. These results demonstrate that ASSB ethanol extract is an effective treatment for insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in ob/ob mice by decreasing hepatic lipid synthesis.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.354-359
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• 2023

A mono-type glycerine fatty acid ester compound was chemically synthesized using medium-chain fatty acids with antibacterial activity, and the physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity of the synthesized glycerine medium-chain fatty acid ester compound were measured. At a reaction molar ratio of MCT(medium chain triglyceride) to glycerine of 1:2.5, 48.15% mono ester was produced. The physicochemical analysis of the synthesized glycerine fatty acid ester compound showed an acid content of 0.38~0.60%, which tended to increase slightly as the glycerine molar ratio increased. The saponification value decreased as the synthesized molar ratio of glycerine increased from 218 to 284. The number of bacteria was measured to confirm the degree of antibacterial activity of glycerine medium-chain fatty acid esters against food poisoning bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella typhi. The number of bacteria significantly decreased as the MCT:glycerine molar ratio increased. In particular, the antibacterial effect between the treatment groups was the highest when at an MCT:glycerine molar ratio of 1:2.5.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 1996

It was generally known that over-ingestion of dietary orotic acid caused hepatic disorder by the lesion of fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis in rats. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary orotic acid on the lipid composition of serum, liver and kidney of rats. For the experiments, rats were fed with commercialized chow powder diet in the presence or absence of 1% orotic acid. The prepared diets were fed to male rats (Sprague-Dawley strain, $90{\sim}100$ g of body weight for 21 days. According to the results, orotic acid treated group showed that each concentration of serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid was significantly decreased (p<0.05). The centration of liver triglyceride was significantly decreased (p<0.05). In the presence of 1% orotic acid, the weight of liver inclosed while that of kidney decreased. The treatment of orotic acid seemed to have no effects on the phospholipid composition in liver and kidney, except the kidney lysophosphatidylcholine. In the comparison of the phospholipid composition between liver and kidney, the levels of sphingomyeline and phosphtidylethanolamine in the kidney were higher than those in the liver. Among the composition of fatty acid in kidney, the concentration of linoleic acid (18 : 2) was increased, and the concentration of arachidonic acid (20 : 4) was decreased with the addition of the orotic acid.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2011

Twenty-four Holstein dairy cows were used to evaluate the single and combined effects of different levels of crude protein (CP) and monensin treatment during early lactation on blood metabolites, milk yield and digestion of dairy cows. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block with a $3{\times}2$ factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were three concentrations of CP supplement (19.5, 21.4, and 23.4% of dry matter) and two levels of monensin (0 and 350 mg per cow per day). The experiment consisted of three phases and each phase was 3 wk in length. Monensin did not affect milk yield, lactose, solids-non-fat (SNF), blood glucose, triglyceride and DMI, but increased blood cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), insulin and reduced blood ${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), milk fat and protein percentage. Monensin premix significantly decreased rumen ammonia, but rumen pH and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by monensin treatment. Increasing dietary CP improved milk and protein production, but did not alter the other components of milk. Digestibility of NDF, ADF, CP were improved by increasing dietary CP. Increasing dietary CP from 19.5 to 21.4% had no significant effect on ruminal ammonia, but increasing CP to 23.4% significantly increased ruminal ammonia. There was a linear relationship between level of crude protein in the diet and volume of urine excretion. Microbial protein synthesis was affected by increasing CP level; in this way maximum protein synthesis was achieved at 23.4% CP.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1217-1222
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mulberry leaves on lipid metabolism in cho lesterol induced hypercholesterolemia rats. The mulberry treatment group showed decreases of serum lipid concentration compared with hyperlipidemic group. Also, Mulberry leaves inhibited the activity of HMG Co A reductase, increased lipase activity. In histopathological examination, abdominal aorta showed no critical lesions with mulberry leaves treatment. These results suggest that hypolipidemic effects of mulberry leaves on rats were the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver. For human, serum triglyceride contents were more significantly decreased with treatment of mulberry leaves powder.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.375.4-376
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• 2002

Acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is a key enzyme involved in triacylglycerol synthesis. Too much accumulation of triacylglycerol in certain organs and tissues of the body causes high risk conditions of fatty liver. obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. leading to serious diseases of atherosclerosis. Therefore, DGAT inhibition may be worthwhile strategy for the treatment of triglyceride metabolism disorders. such as obesity or hypertriglyceridemia. (omitted)

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.21-24
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• 2006

The ubiquitous presence of lactoferrin(LF) receptor in human as reported by the research group of Prof. Bo Lonnerdal, Univ. California (Suzuki, Y. A.,2001) encouraged us to search for the unknown physiological roles of Lf. Under the collaboration with Prof. Etsumori Harada, Tottori Univ., and his research group, we have found two novel biological activities of LF as the control of the lipid metabolism and the effect on the central nervous system. Relating to the lipid metabolism, LF could, in animal experiments, reduce triglyceride and total cholesterol both in blood and liver (Takeuchi, T et αl., 2003). LF increased plasms HDL-C and lowered LDL-C. In the central nervous system, LF showed anti-nociceptive activity mediated by ${\mu}$-opioid receptor in the rat spinal cord (Hayashida, K. et al., 2003). LF enhanced analgesic action of morphine synergistically via nitric oxide synthesis (Hayashida, K., et al., 2003) LF showed opioid-mediated suppressive effect on distress induced by maternal separation in rat pups (Takeuchi, T., et al., 2003).