• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2018

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix of growth plate and cartilaginous tissues. Aggrecanopathy has been reported as a genetic cause not only for severe skeletal dysplasia but also for autosomal dominant short stature with normal to advanced bone age. We report a novel heterozygous mutation of ACAN in a Korean family with proportionate short stature identified through targeted exome sequencing. We present a girl of 4 years and 9 months with a family history of short stature over three generations. The paternal grandmother is 143 cm tall (-3.8 as a Korean standard deviation score [SDS]), the father 155 cm (-3.4 SDS), and the index case 96.2 cm (-2.9 SDS). Evaluation for short stature showed normal growth hormone (GH) peaks in the GH provocation test and a mild delayed bone age for chronological age. This subject had clinical characteristics including a triangular face, flat nasal bridge, prognathia, blue sclerae, and brittle teeth. The targeted exome sequencing was applied to detect autosomal dominant growth palate disorder. The novel variant c.910G>A (p.Asp304Asn) in ACAN was identified and this variant was found in the subject's father using Sanger sequencing. This is the first case of Korean familial short stature due to ACAN mutation. ACAN should be considered for proportionate idiopathic short stature, especially in cases of familial short stature.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.529-545
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• 2022

This article concerns a ring property that arises from combining one-sided duo factor rings and centers. A ring R is called right CIFD if R/I is right duo by some proper ideal I of R such that I is contained in the center of R. We first see that this property is seated between right duo and right π-duo, and not left-right symmetric. We prove, for a right CIFD ring R, that W(R) coincides with the set of all nilpotent elements of R; that R/P is a right duo domain for every minimal prime ideal P of R; that R/W(R) is strongly right bounded; and that every prime ideal of R is maximal if and only if R/W(R) is strongly regular, where W(R) is the Wedderburn radical of R. It is also proved that a ring R is commutative if and only if D₃(R) is right CIFD, where D₃(R) is the ring of 3 by 3 upper triangular matrices over R whose diagonals are equal. Furthermore, we show that the right CIFD property does not pass to polynomial rings, and that the polynomial ring over a ring R is right CIFD if and only if R/I is commutative by a proper ideal I of R contained in the center of R.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.533-537
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• 2003

Compared to sintered polycrystalline diamond (PCD), the deposited thin film diamond has a great advantage on the fabrication of cutting tools with complex geometries such as drills. Because of high performance in high speed machining non-ferrous difficult-to-cut materials in the field of automobiles industry, aeronautics and astronautics industry, diamond-coated drills find large potentialities in commercial applications. However, the poor adhesion of the diamond film on the substrate and high surface roughness of the drill flute adversely affect the tool lift and machining quality and they become the main technical barriers for the successful development and commercialization of diamond-coated drills. In this paper, diamond thin films were deposited on the commercial WC-Co based drills by the electron aided hot filament chemical vapor deposition (EACVD). A new multiple coating technology based on changing gas pressure in different process stages was developed. The large triangular faceted diamond grains may have great contribution to the adhesive strength between the film and the substrate, and the overlapping ball like blocks consisted of nanometer sized diamond crystals may contribute much to the very low roughness of diamond film. Adhesive strength and quality of diamond film were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), Raman spectrum and drilling experiments. The ring-block tribological experiments were also conducted and the results revealed that the friction coefficient increased with the surface roughness of the diamond film. From a practical viewpoint, the cutting performances of diamond-coated drills were studied by drilling the SiC particles reinforced aluminum-matrix composite. The good adhesive strength and low surface roughness of flute were proved to be beneficial to the good chip evacuation and the decrease of thrust and consequently led to a prolonged tool lift and an improved machining quality. The wear mechanism of diamond-coated drills is the abrasive mechanical attrition.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1989

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 유한요소법(有限要素法)(FEM)을 이용(利用)하여 2차원(次元) 지하수(地下水) 흐름모형(模型)을 확립(確立)한 것으로 지하수계(地下水界)에서의 오염물질이동(汚染物質移動)에 관한 종합적(綜合的)인 동적(動的)시스템 모형(模型)을 개발(開發)하는 연구(硏究)의 첫 단계(段階)이다. 이 흐름모형(模型)은 보다 많은 실재문제(實在問題)를 다를 수 있는 융통성(融通性)과 유연성(柔軟性)을 가지도록 하고 있다. 시간(時間)의 함수(函數)로 나타나는 Sources/Sinks, Dirichlet 형(形)의 경계조건(境界條件), Neumann 형(形) 혹은 Cauchy 형(形)의 유동(流動) 경계조건(境界條件), 누수성피압상(漏水性被壓床) (leaky confining beds) 등(等)의 조건(條件)을 가진 지하수(地下水)흐름을 모의발생(模擬發生 수 있으며, 또 복잡(複雜)한 경계조건(境界條件)을 잘 나타내기 위하여 삼각형요소(三角形要素)와 사각형요소(四角形要素)를 혼합(混合)하여 쓸 수 있는 지하수(地下水)흐름 FEM 모형(模型)을 확립(確立)한 것이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2021

In the case of military supplies, any potential failure and causes of failures must be considered. This study is aimed at examining the failure modes of a rotorcraft landing system to identify the priority items. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is applied to the rotorcraft landing system. In general, the FMEA is used to evaluate the reliability in engineering fields. Three elements, specifically, the severity, occurrence, and detectability are used to evaluate the failure modes. The risk priority number (RPN) can be obtained by multiplying the scores or the risk levels pertaining to severity, occurrence, and detectability. In this study, different weights of the three elements are considered for the RPN assessment to implement the FMEA. Furthermore, the FMEA is implemented using a fuzzy rule base, similarity aggregation model (SAM), and grey theory model (GTM) to perform a comparative analysis. The same input data are used for all models to enable a fair comparison. The FMEA is applied to military supplies by considering methodological issues. In general, the fuzzy theory is based on a hypothesis regarding the likelihood of the conversion of the crisp value to the fuzzy input. Fuzzy FMEA is the basic method to obtain the fuzzy RPN. The three elements of the FMEA are used as five linguistic terms. The membership functions as triangular fuzzy sets are the simplest models defined by the three elements. In addition, a fuzzy set is described using a membership function mapping the elements to the intervals 0 and 1. The fuzzy rule base is designed to identify the failure modes according to the expert knowledge. The IF-THEN criterion of the fuzzy rule base is formulated to convert a fuzzy input into a fuzzy output. The total number of rules is 125 in the fuzzy rule base. The SAM expresses the judgment corresponding to the individual experiences of the experts performing FMEA as weights. Implementing the SAM is of significance when operating fuzzy sets regarding the expert opinion and can confirm the concurrence of expert opinion. The GTM can perform defuzzification to obtain a crisp value from a fuzzy membership function and determine the priorities by considering the degree of relation and the form of a matrix and weights for the severity, occurrence, and detectability. The proposed models prioritize the failure modes of the rotorcraft landing system. The conventional FMEA and fuzzy rule base can set the same priorities. SAM and GTM can set different priorities with objectivity through weight setting.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2004

부분적으로 $Co^{2+}$ 이온으로 치환된 제올라이트 A를 진공 탈수한 후 $300^{\circ}C$에서 12시간, 6시간, 2시간 동안 각각 0.6 torr의 K증기로 반응시킨 3개의 구조$(a=12.181(1)\;{\AA},\; a=12.184(1)\;{\AA},\; a=12.215(1)\;{\AA})$를 $21^{\circ}C$에서 입방공간군 Pm3m를 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 정밀화한다. K 증기로 반응시킨 3개의 구조는 Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 $1>\sigma(I)$인 70, 82, 80개의 독립반사를 각각 사용하여 최종오차인자를 R (weight) = 0.090, 0.091, 0.090까지 각각 정밀화한다. 3개의 구조에서 4개의$Co^{2+}$이온과 4개의 $Na^+$이온모두 K증기에 의해서 환원되어 $Co^{2+}$ 이온과 $Na^+$ 이온은 제올라이트 내에 더 이상 생성되지 않는다. K종류는 5개의 다른 결정학적 자리에 위치하는데 3개의 $K^+$이온은 8-링의 평면에 완전히 채워져 위치하고 약 11.5개의 $K^+$ 이온은 3회 회전축상의 6-링에 위치하고 약 4개는 큰 동공, 4개는 소다라이트 동공, 0.5개는 큰 공동의 4-링과 마주보는 위치에 위치하고 3개의 $K^0$원자는 3회 회전축상의 큰 동공 깊숙이 위치한다. 이들 구조는 제올라이트 A의 소다라이트 동공에서 사면체 $K_4$ (혹은 삼각형 $K_3$) 클라스터를 이루고 있으며 $K_4$ 혹은 $K_3$ 클라스터는 6-링의 3개의 산소와 삼면체로 결합한다. 이들 클라스터의 부분적으로 환원된 이온은 제올라이트 골조 산소와 우선적으로 결합한다. 이들 구조에서 제올라이트 골조의 음전하를 상쇄시키는데 필요한 12개의 $K^+$ 이온보다 많은 단위세포당 14.5개의 K종류가 존재하는데 이들 결과로 $K^0$원자가 흡착되었음을 알 수 있다. 큰 동공 깊숙이 위치한 3개의 $K^0$ 원자는 4개의 큰 동공에 위치한 $K^+$ 이온 중 3개와 결합하여 $K_7^{4+}$클라스터를 형성하며$K_7^{4+}$ 클라스터는 골조산소와 우선적으로 결합한다.