• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.847-858
• /
• 2016

An overview is given on the work of the Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Systems at ETH, Zurich (ETHZ) and of the Laboratory of Thermal Hydraulics at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland on tight-lattice bundles. Two-phase flow in subchannels of a tight triangular lattice was studied experimentally and by computational fluid dynamics simulations. Two adiabatic facilities were used: (1) a vertical channel modeling a pair of neighboring sub-channels; and (2) an arrangement of four subchannels with one subchannel in the center. The first geometry was equipped with two electrical film sensors placed on opposing rod surfaces forming the subchannel gap. They recorded 2D liquid film thickness distributions on a domain of $16{\times}64$ measuring points each, with a time resolution of 10 kHz. In the bubbly and slug flow regime, information on the bubble size, shape, and velocity and the residual liquid film thickness underneath the bubbles were obtained. The second channel was investigated using cold neutron tomography, which allowed the measurement of average liquid film profiles showing the effect of spacer grids with vanes. The results were reproduced by large eddy simulation + volume of fluid. In the outlook, a novel nonadiabatic subchannel experiment is introduced that can be driven to steady-state dryout. A refrigerant is heated by a heavy water circuit, which allows the application of cold neutron tomography.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제30권2B호
• /
• pp.199-209
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 지표수 흐름 해석을 위한 2차원 유한요소모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 수치모형에서는 2차원 흐름 해석을 위한 천수방정식을 Galerkin법과 Newton-Raphson법에 의해 이산화하였으며 지형에 따라 삼각망과 사각망을 혼용하여 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 구성된 대수방정식의 해는 유한요소법을 푸는데 매우 효율적인 프론탈 기법에 의해 구하였다. 개발된 모형을 두 개의 만곡부를 가지는 실험실 사행수로에 적용하여 만곡부에서의 횡방향 유속 및 수심 분포를 분석한 결과 만곡부에서 편수위 현상을 잘 재현함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 내측의 유속이 외측에 비해 빠르게 나타났고 유속분포는 두 만곡부의 중심을 기준으로 대칭적이었으며, 모의결과와 수리실험에 의한 실측값이 매우 잘 일치하였다. 본 모형을 완경사, 급경사, 역경사, 급격한 하상변화가 있는 수로와 위어를 포함한 수로에 적용하여 12개의 점변화류 수면곡선을 모의한 결과 수리학적으로 적합한 수면형상이 도출되었다.

• 한국광학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

단일 레이저의 출력 한계를 뛰어넘기 위한 빔결합 방법으로서, 보강간섭 원리를 이용한 타일형 결맞음 빔결합 시스템에 대해 연구하였다. 와트급 출력의 3 채널 결맞음 광섬유 레이저 및 삼각형 배치의 팁-틸트(tip-tilt) 기능을 갖춘 3 채널 출력단을 자체제작 하였다. 모니터링 시스템, 위상제어기, 3 채널 위상변조기 간의 궤환 제어 시스템(closed-loop system)을 구성하고 SPGD 알고리즘을 적용하여, 위상잠금 속도 5~67 kHz, 이상적인 계산값 대비 중심부 광세기 효율 53.3%의 성공적인 3 채널 위상잠금을 구현하였다. 빔결합 소자가 필요 없고, 가장 고출력 가능성을 가진 타일형 결맞음 빔결합을 위한 요소기술 개발이 완료되어, 향후 다채널, 고출력, 고속 제어 연구로 이어질 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2009년도 학술발표회 초록집
• /
• pp.1107-1112
• /
• 2009

수위-유량관계곡선이 있는 위어는 월류수심을 측정하여 개수로 유량을 산정할 수 있는 매우 유용한 유량 측정 도구이다. 본 연구는 폭 1m인 사다리꼴 단면 상업용 개수로에 설치된 높이 26cm인 삼각형 위어의 수위-유량관계곡선을 도출하기 위하여 수리모형실험을 실시한 것이다. 위어 수리모형은 크기를 1/5 축척으로 제작하고 유량과 수로경사를 변화시키면서 수리실험을 하였다. 기존 위어 유량산정 공식들을 이용하기 곤란하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 사다리꼴 단면 개수로의 삼각형 위어의 유량산정 공식을 정립하였다. 이 공식은 월류수심을 $h_1$과 $h_2$로 구분하였다. 월류수심이 $h_1$보다 작으면 삼각형 위어 유량산정 공식을 이용하고, 이보다 크면 사다리꼴 단면 개수로의 삼각형 위어 유량산정 공식을 이용한다. 삼각형 위어에서는 유량이 증가함에 따라 유량계수 $C_1$이 작아지는 반면에 사다리꼴 단면 개수로 삼각형 위어의 유량계수 $C_2$는 균일한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 사다리꼴 단면 개수로 삼각형 위어에서는 삼각형 위어에서 유량계수 $C_1$이 사용되었기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구에서는 위어가 설치된 수로의 접근유속을 구하여 위어에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제41권8호
• /
• pp.1045-1052
• /
• 2009

A calculation model is developed to predict the transient free surface flow on the containment floor following a loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) of pressurized water reactors (PWR) for the use of debris transport evaluation. The model solves the two-dimensional Shallow Water Equation (SWE) using a finite volume method (FVM) with unstructured triangular meshes. The numerical scheme is based on a fully explicit predictor-corrector method to achieve a fast-running capability and numerical accuracy. The Harten-Lax-van Leer (HLL) scheme is used to reserve a shock-capturing capability in determining the convective flux term at the cell interface where the dry-to-wet changing proceeds. An experiment simulating a sudden break of a water reservoir with L-shape open channel is calculated for validation of the present model. It is shown that the present model agrees well with the experiment data, thus it can be justified for the free surface flow with accuracy. From the calculation of flow field over the simplified containment floor of APR1400, the important phenomena of free surface flow including propagations and interactions of waves generated by local water level distribution and reflection with a solid wall are found and the transient flow rates entering the Holdup Volume Tank (HVT) are obtained within a practical computational resource.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2005년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.317-322
• /
• 2005

This study is aimed to analyze the effects of heat pipe shape on the heat transfer in solar collector with a axial grooved heat pipe. In the design of a heat pipe. two of the most important criteria to be met are the operating temperature range and the maximum heat transport capacity, When the operating temperature range is known and the working fluid has been selected, the maximum heat transport capacity depends strongly on capillary pressure and liquid flow. The heat transport capacity of the heat pipe will depend on the geometry of the heat pipe, the wick structure. the vapor channel shape. groove number. cooling temperature. condenser length and pipe diameter. So various shapes are used for mathematical models of two-phase flow in grooved heat pipe. From the results. the adequate groove shape and scale are presented by considering the heat transport and capillary limitation.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제31권12호
• /
• pp.986-993
• /
• 2007

The microchannel heat sink is promising heat dissipation method far high density electronic devices. The cross-sectional shape of MEMS based microchannel heat sink is limited to triangular, trapezoidal, and rectangular due to their fabrication method. And heat is added to one side surface of heat source. Therefore, those specific conditions make some complexity of heat transfer in microchannel heat sink. Though many previous research of conjugate heat transfer in microchannel was conducted, most of them did not consider heat loss. In this study, numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer in rectangular microchannel was conducted. The method of heat loss evaluation was verified numerically. Heat distribution was different for each wall of rectangular microchannel due to thermal conductivity and distance from heat source. However, the ratio of heat from each channel wall was correlated. Therefore, the effective area correction factor could be proposed to evaluate accurate heat flux in one side heating condition.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2005

이동 통신이나 인터넷 채널과 같이 전송용량이 제한적인 환경에서 3차원 물체에 그래픽의 사용이 빈번해 지면서 3차원 모델을 단순화시켜야할 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 삼각형으로 표현된 3차원 물체의 표면을 단순화시키는 경우, 3차원 공간에서의 꼭지점들 중에서 제일 가까운 점 두 개를 선택하여 반복적으로 데이터를 줄여가는 vertex contraction 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 이때 단순화 된 점의 위치를 결정하기 위하여 단순화시 발생하는 오차를 계산하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 오차 계산법을 제시하여 원 모델과의 오차가 작게 단순화하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 3차원 모델 데이터에 적용하여 실제 개선결과를 확인한다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권10호
• /
• pp.1741-1752
• /
• 2006

A combined Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin method (SUPG) and segregated finite element algorithm for solving conjugate heat transfer problems where heat conduction in a solid is coupled with heat convection in viscous fluid flow is presented. The Streamline Upwind Petrov-Galerkin method is used for the analysis of viscous thermal flow in the fluid region, while the analysis of heat conduction in solid region is performed by the Galerkin method. The method uses the three-node triangular element with equal-order interpolation functions for all the variables of the velocity components, the pressure and the temperature. The main advantage of the presented method is to consistently couple heat transfer along the fluid-solid interface. Four test cases, which are the conjugate Couette flow problem in parallel plate channel, the counter-flow in heat exchanger, the conjugate natural convection in a square cavity with a conducting wall, and the conjugate natural convection and conduction from heated cylinder in square cavity, are selected to evaluate efficiency of the presented method.

• 한국항만학회지
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.451-461
• /
• 2000

The design and maintenance of navigation channel and water facilities of an harbor which is located at the mouth of river or at the estuary area are difficult due to the complexity of estuarial water and sediment circulation. Effects of deepening navigable waterways, of changing coastline configurations, or of discharging dredged material to the open sea are necessary to be investigated and predicted in terms of water quality and possible physical changes to the coastal environment. A borad analysis of the transport mechanism in the estuary area was made in terms of sediment property, falling velocity, concentration and flow characteristics. In order to simulate the transport processes, a two-dimensional finite element model is developed, which includes erosion, transport and deposition mechanism of suspended sediments. Galerkin’s weighted residual method is used to solve the transient convection-diffusion equation. The fluid domain is subdivided into a series of triangular elements in which a quadratic approximation is made for suspended sediment concentration. Model could deal with a continuous aggregation by stipulating the settling velocity of the flocs in each element. The model provides suspended sediment concentration, bed shear stress, erosion versus deposition rate and bed profile at the given time step.