• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 1986.04a
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• pp.125-129
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• 1986

DDS network was implemented by utilizing the digital transmission in PSIN and finished field trial successfully for the first time in our country by DTC. Concept of DOS, how to implement, detail description of each section, comparison of DOS vs, analog data transmission system and result of field trial are presented.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02b
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• pp.234-249
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• 1994

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.3-33
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• 2017

This paper examines some questions and issues of the effect of an arbitral award, and discusses about the restriction of the trial level in other separate actions permitted under the existence of grounds of setting aside arbitral award after the amendment of the Arbitration Act in 2016. Because there are no interests of litigation in the action for setting aside arbitral award due to the exclusion of res judicata by provisory clause of Article 35, filing an action for setting aside is not allowed even when the grounds of setting aside exist. If we examine the precedent on possibility of retrial for excluding the outward form of invalid judgement, we can find that the court did not approve the retrial. Therefore, the action for setting aside that which is for excluding the outward form of an arbitral award will not be allowed for filing. On the issue of whether an arbitral award having a ground for setting aside can be an object of the action for setting aside for excluding its outward form or not, the views of scholars are divided. In the case of an arbitral award that has grounds for setting aside, it could be interpreted that the arbitral award would not have a formale Rechtskraft or effect of sentence (bindende Kraft). Even if there is formale Rechtskraft or effect of sentence (bindende Kraft), the significance of existence of action for setting aside arbitral award under paragraph 1 of Article 36 is reduced because other actions separate from arbitration is permitted under the 2016 Act. The amendment of the Arbitration Act in 2016 provides an opportunity to review the position and the role of action for setting aside the arbitral award. It also requires further studies on efficiently treating other actions separate from arbitration. Because the restriction of the trial level of other separate actions can make arbitration active by making arbitration procedures become 3 trial levels from 4 trial levels, it needs to be solved with legislative action. Specifically, if the trial starts at the stage of trial on appeal, it can utilize the strength of both the arbitration and the litigation, playing a chief role in boosting arbitration by removing the problems of action for setting aside and enabling arbitration institutes and the person interested to promote the activation of arbitration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.957-962
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• 2002

In July, three trials were conducted to evaluate the best sponge type and optimum PMSG dose to be administered to sheep under the Jordanian Badia (arid) conditions. In trial 1, three flocks (n=77, n=18 and n=47 for flocks 1, 2 and 3, respectively) were administered with 40 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponges for 12 days before receiving 600 IU of PMSG at the time of sponge removal. In trial 2, 95 ewes were assigned to 4 groups to receive 300 (n=25), 450 (n=27), 600 (n=22) or 750 (n=21) IU of PMSG following a 12 d FGA 40 mg sponge insertion period. In trial 3, 60 ewes were assigned to 3 groups (n=20) to receive either FGA 30 mg, FGA 40 mg or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) 60 mg intravaginal sponges all followed by an administration of 600 IU of PMSG at sponge removal. In all trials, rams were isolated 1 day before sponge insertion and were allowed back with the ewes at sponge removal. Estrual responses and lambing data were collected. The effects of treatment, milking status and face color on estrual responses and lambing data were examined. In trial 1, greater first cycle conception rate (p<0.05), twinning rate (p<0.01) and the number of lambs born/served ewe (p<0.01) were observed in flock 2 compared with flocks 1 and 3. Neither face color nor milking status had any influence on the measured parameters (p>0.05). Despite low lambing rate in trial 2, ewes receiving 600 IU of PMSG had greater (p<0.05) number of lambs born/served ewe compared with ewes receiving 450 IU of PMSG. Regardless of PMSG dose, intervals to detected estrus occurred 10 h earlier (p<0.01) in dry than lactating ewes. Similar to trial 2, lambing rate was depressed in trial 3. The expression of estrus was advanced (p<0.05) in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg sponges compared with those receiving FGA 30 and FGA 40 mg sponges (42$\pm$3.1, 49$\pm$3.1 and 49$\pm$3.1 h post sponge removal in ewes receiving MAP 60 mg, FGA 30 mg and FGA 40 mg sponges, respectively). Other parameters were not influenced (p>0.05) by sponge type, milking status and face color. Data show that a 600 IU dose of PMSG tends to give the best lambing results. In addition, results indicate that the use 60 mg MAP sponges for estrus synchronization may be more appropriate under the Jordanian Badia conditions during late seasonal anestrus.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

Purpose: We investigated complications after laparoscopic sentinel basin dissection (SBD) for patients with gastric cancer who were enrolled in a quality control study, prior to the phase III trial of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery (SNNS). Materials and Methods: We analyzed prospective data from a Korean multicenter prerequisite quality control trial of laparoscopic SBD for gastric cancer and assessed procedure-related and surgical complications. All complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo Classification (CDC) system and were compared with the results of the previously published SNNS trial. Results: Among the 108 eligible patients who were enrolled in the quality control trial, 8 (7.4%) experienced complications during the early postoperative period. One patient with gastric resection-related duodenal stump leakage recovered after percutaneous drainage (grade IIIa in CDC). The other postoperative complications were mild and patients recovered with supportive care. No complications were directly related to the laparoscopic SBD procedure or tracer usage, and there were no mortalities. The laparoscopic SBD complication rates and patterns that were observed in this study were comparable to those of a previously reported trial. Conclusions: The results of our prospective, multicenter quality control trial demonstrate that laparoscopic SBD is a safe procedure during SNNS for gastric cancer.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of ertapenem in human plasma and urine. After addition of internal standard (ceftazidime), plasma and urine was diluted with methanol and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Using MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, ertapenem were selectively detected without severeinterference from human plasma and urine. The standard calibration curve for ertapenem was linear ($r^2$= 0.9996)over the concentration range 1~100 ${\mu}g/mL$ in human plasma. The intra- and inter-day precision over the concentration range of ertapenem was lower than 8.9% (correlation of variance, CV), and accuracy was between 97.2~106.2%. On the other hand, it was showed good relationship ($r^2$= 0.9992) and the precision (intra- and inter-day) over the concentration range of ertapenem was lower than CV 7.2%, and accuracy was between 97.9~111.6% for urine. This method has been successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of ertapenem in human plasma and urine.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.739-748
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare successful and failed trials of the dean and jerk exercise performed by an 2008 Beijing Olympic gold medalist. One successful and one failed trial of an Olympic gold medalist (2008 Beijing Olympic 77 kg event) were investigated for this study. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed, using three digital camcorders (SF: 6Hz). The events were recorded during the 89th Korean National Athletic Games. After analyzing the jerk motion, the following results were found. The successful trial revealed a shorter performance time at Phase 1 and a longer one at Phase 3 and Phase 4 as compared to the failed trial. The vertical displacement of the knee in failed trial was lower than that m the successful one. The differences in the vertical velocity of barbell and knee between the trials were seen at Phase 3 and Phase 4. A faster COM inferior velocity was seen in the successful trial at Phase 3. A more flexed knee angle was seen in the failed trial as compared to the successful trial at E3.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.102-108
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• 1996

This was an open trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moclobemide twice daily for treatment of Korean patients with major depressive disorder(DSM-III-R). The duration of the trial was 6 weeks with the initial dose of moclobemide being fixed lor the first two weeks at 300mg/day(150mg twice daily, each token after morning and evening meals). Thereafter, when necessary, the dose was allowed to increase to 600mg/day or decrease to 150mg/day according to the seventy of the depression and/or the tolerability of the drug. Hypnotics and/or sedatives from a benzodiazepine group could be concomitantly administered at usual dosage. Patients were assessed at baseline and at days 14, 28 and 42. Efficacy was primarily judged on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D) and Beck Depression Inventory(BDI). Patients had to score at least 17 respectively an both scales to enter the trial. Secondary efficacy parameters included Clinical Global Impression(CGI) for severity of illness and improvement. Safety and tolerability were judged on reported adverse events, vital signs and laboratory parameters. In addition, there was a series of questions and assessments for the psychiatrists and patients to complete at the end of the trial Twenty nine patients completing trial were included in the analysis of efficacy : of thirty one patients participating in the safety and tolerability analysis, those who withdraw voluntarily without particular reasons or violated the treatment schedule were not included. The efficacies as determined by HAM-D, BDI or CGI were found to be significant compared to baseline. The number of responders defined as patients with a total score of 10 or less or with a total score of 50% or less of the baseline score on HAM-D and BDI were 17(59%) and 18(62%) respectively. Regarding safety and tolerability, nine patients(29%) reported mild adverse events probably related to moclobemide : of these one patient dropped out because of poor tolerability : however, there were no appreciable changes in blood pressure, pulse rate, body weight or laboratory parameters for all patients over the trial period. Furthermore, the physicians' and patients' opinions at final evaluation showed that moclabemide has a good antidepressant effect as well as a favorable tolerability. In conclusion, a twice-daily dosage schedule with maclobemide is recommendable for the treatment of Korean patients with major depressive disorder since its efficacy and safety were demonstrated in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.259-269
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the necessity and activation plan of trial work to increase the re-employment of injured industrial workers. This study applied an internet and paper questionnaire method to 1,058 employers listed in the Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Services. The employers were asked about their experiences with trial work and their preferences for supports. From September 2018, the survey was conducted for 6 weeks and a total of 201 questionnaires were analyzed. Descriptive analysis and t-tests were applied. The results of the study showed that the trial work system satisfied the employers who participated in it. In order for this system to operate smoothly for injured workers, it is necessary to simplify the system's procedures, increase the amount of the trial work subsidy, and improve the amount of support after the workers convert to full time employment. In order for employers to use the new system, $750 per month will be provided for 8 months when hiring one injured worker. Eighty percent of employers stated that they would hire injured workers if the subsidy and application period are accepted. Future study and suggestions for applying the trial work system for injured industrial workers are also discussed.

• The Korean journal of helicobacter and upper gastrointestinal research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.277-279
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• 2018

전 세계적으로 Helicobacter pylori의 항생제 내성률은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 기존의 제균 치료에 실패한 H. pylori 감염 환자들에 대한 효과적인 구제요법(rescue therapy)의 필요성 역시 증가하고 있다. 이 연구는 두 개 기관, 공개, 평행 그룹, 무작위 배정 연구로서 불응성 H. pylori 감염 환자들의 구제요법으로 유전자형 내성을 기반한 치료(genotype resistance-guided therapy)와 경험적 치료(empirical therapy) 중 어느 것이 보다 효과적인지를 비교하고자 하였다. 2012년 10월부터 2017년 9월까지 20세 이상의 불응성 H. pylori 감염 환자들을 대상으로 하였으며, 불응성 H. pylori 감염은 과거 두 종류 이상의 H. pylori 제균 치료를 받았음에도 불구하고 H. pylori 제균에 실패한 환자들로 정의하였다. 이들에게서 한 군은 14일간의 유전자형 내성을 기반한 순차 치료(n=21 in trial 1, n=205 in trial 2)를, 다른 한 군은 환자들의 과거 제균 치료 종류를 감안한 14일간의 경험적 순차 치료(n=20 in trial 1, n=205 in trial 2)를 시행하였다. 순차 치료법은 첫 7일은 esomeprazole 40 mg과 amoxicillin 1 g을 하루 두 번 복용한 다음, 나머지 7일은 esomeprazole 40 mg과 metronidazole 500 mg, 그리고 1) levofloxacin 250 mg 또는 2) clarithromycin 500 mg 또는 3) tetracycline 500 mg을 하루 두 번 복용하는 것으로 구성하였다. 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)나 gyrase A에 대한 내성 관련 돌연변이 여부는 direct sequencing을 통한 중합효소연쇄반응(polymerase chain reaction, PCR) 검사를 이용하였고, 제균 성공 여부는 요소호기검사를 통해 확인하였다. 일차 결과 지표는 치료 방법에 따른 제균율로 정하였다. Trial 1에서는 tetracycline 대신 doxycycline 100 mg을 사용하였는데, 제균 성공률이 유전자형 내성을 기반한 치료군에서는 17명(81%), 경험적 치료군에서는 12명(60%)으로 나타났다(P=0.181). 하지만, 다른 순차 치료군들과 비교하였을 때, doxycycline을 포함한 순차 치료군의 제균율이 현저히 낮은 것으로 나타나서(15/26, 57.7%) doxycycline을 포함한 순차 치료법은 종결하기로 하고, trial 2부터는 doxycycline 대신 tetracycline으로 교체하여 연구를 지속하였다. Trial 2의 intention-to-treat (ITT) 분석 결과, 유전자형 내성을 기반한 치료군에서는 160/205명(78%), 경험적 치료군에서는 148/205명(72.2%)으로 두 그룹 간의 통계적인 제균율의 차이는 보여주지 못하였다(P=0.170). 부작용 및 환자 순응도에서도 양 군 간의 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 따라서, 두 종류 이상 H. pylori 제균 치료에 실패한 환자들이라고 할지라도 기존의 제균 치료력을 바탕으로 적절한 경험적 치료를 시행하는 것은 유전자형 내성을 기반한 치료 정도의 효과는 있으며 접근성, 비용, 환자들의 선호도 등의 여러 가지 부가적인 사항들을 고려할 때, 제균 치료력을 고려한 경험적 치료는 간단한 수준의 유전자형 내성을 기반한 치료의 대안으로 받아들여질 수 있을 것으로 제안하였다.