• 한국가구학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.152-162
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• 2012

The color changing of the wood surface was tested by accelerated weathering test that can simulate the outdoor condition with short period. In early parts of accelerated weathering test, weight and volume of specimen all were increased due to the moisture evaporation by its high temperature and illumination level, but weight and volume of specimen all were decreased from middle parts to last. However, significancy showed between control group and accelerated weathering test group in terms of weight and volume. According to the results of color-difference meter, in the early parts of the accelerated weathering test lightness, redness and yellowness all showed a clear increasing or decreasing trend. However, after three weeks all values were almost never change. Until the early parts of the test, lightness was decreased and there was not a considerable change after three weeks in the test. Redness showed a some change in early parts of the test, but this also showed not great change after middle parts of the test as like lightness. Yellowness also showed same pattern. These results could be verified through the visual inspection. As like weight and volume, significancy showed between control group and accelerated weathering test group in terms of color-difference test. In all accelerated weathering test group, color-differences of after test was lower than that of before test. To correctly analyze this cause, more additional research will be need on each of temperature, humidity and illumination factors.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 강우량 자체 및 확률강우량의 통계학적 정상성을 판단하였다. 사계열의 정상성을 판단하는 대표적인 방법인 Cox-Stuart의 추세검정과 Dickey-Fuller의 단위근 검정 방법이 적용되었으며, 특히 확률 강우량의 정상성 평가상의 문제점을 평가하였다. 결과적으로, 먼저 서울지점 강우량 자료에 대한 분석에서는 강우량이 증가하거나 감소하는 추세가 없다는 판단을 할 수 있었고, 아울러 단위근 검정에서도 정상적인 시계열이라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 그러나 Cox-Stuart 검정에 의하면 확률강우량이 전체적으로 어떤 상승 또는 하향의 추세가 있는지에 대해서 일관된 판단을 하기가 어려졌다. 그러나 Dickey-Fuller의 단위근 검정에서는 확률강우량이 비정상시계열임을 판단할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 근본적으로 강우량과 확률강우량의 차이에서 비롯된 것이다. 즉, 강우는 무작위 변량으로서 어떤 경향성이나 비정상성을 찾기 힘들다. 반대로 확률강우량은 계산시점까지 관측된 모든 자료를 고려하여 추정되므로 전 후의 값의 상관성이 매우 커지게 된다. 즉, 정상시계열인 강우자료가 연속적으로 추가되며 확률강우량이 추정되므로 전 값이 높은 상관성이 가능하다, 따라서 확률강우량이 비정상 시계열로 판단되는 것은 본 연구에서 적용된 판단기법으로는 당연한 결과라 할 수 있다.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.94-104
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• 2015

우리나라의 연안은 도시개발, 인구증가가 지속적으로 나타나고 있으며, 이러한 점에서 해수면 상승으로 인한 연안재해 취약성이 가중될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 연안의 20개 지역의 조위자료를 바탕으로 Mann-Kendall(MK) 검정, 선형회귀분석(OR), 분위회귀분석(QRA) 등을 이용하여 해수면상승에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. MK 검정결과 연평균조위의 경우 18개 지점에서 경향성이 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되었으며, 연최대치의 경우에도 10개 지점에서 경향성이 통계적으로 유의(p < 0.05)한 것으로 평가되었다. QRA 방법을 이용하여 해수면의 경향성을 분위별로 평가한 결과 기존 회귀분석 방법에 비해 다각적인 경향성 검토가 가능하였다. QRA분석 결과 연평균해수면은 매년 1-6 mm의 범위에서 상승하고 있으며, 연최대해수면의 경우 1-20 mm의 범위에서 증가경향이 나타나고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 우리나라의 해수면상승의 경우 대부분 상향수렴 및 상향발산의 형태를 가지는 경향성을 나타내고 있었다. 향후 연구로서 이러한 경향성을 기반으로 연최대해수면 자료에 대한 비정상성빈도해석 절차의 개발 및 적용이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 복식
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of marketing strategies of children's clothing line for global SPA brands among Korean consumers. The following factors were evaluated as the dependent variables: benefits sought, store attributes, and brand loyalty. We employed a survey method to test our research questions. The subjects of our survey were mothers with preschool kids between 2 and 7 years who had purchase experiences of children's clothing lines of global SPA brands. The major findings are as follows: First, among the three factors of benefits sought ('trend'/'brand value'/'practicality'), the 'trend' factor only positively impacted the 'product' factor, which is part of the store attributes. 'Practicality' and 'trend' factors had a positive effect on the 'service' factor of store attributes. However, all three factors of benefits sought had no impact on the 'store' factor, and 'practicality' and 'trend' factors had positive effects on the price factor of store attributes. Second, 'practicality' and 'trend' factors among the three factors of benefits sought, had positive effects on brand loyalty. Third, the 'product', 'price', 'store', and 'service' factors had a significant positive effect on brand loyalty in decreasing order. Suggestions from our results for national SPA brands are as follows: National SPA children's clothing lines should focus more on unique designs and unique marketing strategies better reflecting Korean consumers' interest and needs in competing with their global counterparts.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7759-7763
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• 2015

Background: Leukemia accounts for 8% of total cancer cases and involves all age groups with different prevalence and incidence rates in Iran and the entire world and causes a significant death toll and heavy expenses for diagnosis and treatment processes. This study was done to evaluate epidemiology and morphology of blood cancer during 2003-2008. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out based on re-analysis of the Cancer Registry Center report of the Health Deputy in Iran during a 6-year period (2003 - 2008). Statistical analysis for incidence time trends and morphology change percentage was performed with joinpoint regression analysis using the software Joinpoint Regression Program. Results: During the studied years a total of 18,353 hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial system cancers were recorded. Chi square test showed significant difference between sex and morphological types of blood cancer (P-value<0.001). Joinpoint analysis showed a significant increasing trend for the adjusted standard incidence rate (ASIR) for both sexes (P-value<0.05). Annual percent changes (APC) for women and men were 18.7 and 19.9, respectively. The most common morphological blood cancers were ALL, ALM, MM and CLL which accounted for 60% of total hematopoietic system cancers. Joinpoint analyze showed a significant decreasing trend for ALM in both sexes (P-value<0.05). Conclusions: Hematopoietic system cancers in Iran demonstrate an increasing trend for incidence rate and decreasing trend for ALL, ALM and CLL morphology.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2019

Climate change has significantly affected the rainfall characteristics which can influence the pollutant build-up and wash-off patterns from the catchment. Therefore, this study explored the influence of varying rainfall characteristics on urban and agricultural runoff pollutant export using statistical approaches. For this purpose, Mann-Kendall and Pettitt's test were applied to detect the trend and breakpoint in rainfall characteristics time series. In addition, double mass curve and correlation analysis were used to drive the relationship between rainfall-runoff and pollutant exports from both catchments. The results indicate a significant decreased in total rainfall and average rainfall intensity, while a significant increased trend for antecedents dry days and total storm duration over the study periods. The breakpoint was determined to be 2013 which shows remarkable trend shifts for total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and antecedents dry days except total duration. Double mass curve exhibited a straight line with significant rainfall-runoff relationship indicates a climate change effect on both sites. Overall, higher pollutant exports were observed at both sites during the baseline period as compared to change periods. In agricultural site, most of the pollutants exhibited significant (p< 0.05) association with total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total storm duration. In contrast, pollutants from urban site significantly correlated with antecedent dry days and average rainfall intensity. Thus, total rainfall, average rainfall intensity and total duration were the significant factors for the agricultural catchment while, antecedents dry days and average rainfall intensity were key factors in build-up and wash-off from the urban catchment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.322-331
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• 2021

Background: The present study employed National Health Insurance Data to explore complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) updated epidemiology in a Korean context. Methods: A CRPS cohort for the period 2009-2016 was created based on Korean Standard Classification of Diseases codes alongside the national registry. The general CRPS incidence rate and the yearly incidence rate trend for every CRPS type were respectively the primary and secondary outcomes. Among the analyzed risk factors were age, sex, region, and hospital level for the yearly trend of the incidence rate for every CRPS. Statistical analysis was performed via the chi-square test and the linear and logistic linear regression tests. Results: Over the research period, the number of registered patients was 122,210. The general CRPS incidence rate was 15.83 per 100,000, with 19.5 for type 1 and 12.1 for type 2. The condition exhibited a declining trend according to its overall occurrence, particularly in the case of type 2 (P < 0.001). On the other hand, registration was more pervasive among type 1 compared to type 2 patients (61.7% vs. 38.3%), while both types affected female individuals to a greater extent. Regarding age, individuals older than 60 years of age were associated with the highest prevalence in both types, regardless of sex (P < 0.001). Conclusions: CRPS displayed an overall incidence of 15.83 per 100,000 in Korea and a declining trend for every age group which showed a negative association with the aging shift phenomenon.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.617-629
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• 2005

본 논문은 비단조적으로 변동하는 시계열자료를 단조적으로 변화하는 구간으로 분할하여 경향성을 분석함으로써 자료의 시변동에 대한 동질성을 향상시키고 그에 따라 경향성 분석기법의 탐지력을 향상시킬 수 있다는 가설을 전제로 하고 있다. 이를 검토하기 위한 기법으로서 시계열자료의 변동경향을 파악하기 위한 필터링 방법으로 LOWESS smoothing을 적용하였고, 시계열자료의 경향성분석은 seasonal Kendall test를 적용하였다. 인위적으로 발생시킨 시계열자료와 대청호의 수온, 유량, 기온, 일사량 등의 시계열자료를 대상으로 검토한 결과 비단조적인 변화를 보이는 시계열자료를 단조적인 변화구간으로 분할하여 경향성을 분석함으로써 자료의 변동 경향성과 기울기 판정의 정확도를 높일 수 있었다. 그리고, 자료의 시변동에 대한 동질성 향상은 계절 변동성의 동질성에 대한 변화를 보다 정확하게 분석하는데 도움을 주는 것으로 보였으며 이것은 자연현상에 대한 인간활동의 영향을 고찰할 수 있는 자료로서 앞으로 이에 대한 연구가 더 필요할 것으로 보인다. 본 논문에서 제시한 방법은 시계열자료의 단조적인 경향성을 분석하는 기법들에 대해 적용 가능하며, 이를 통하여 환경변화의 경향성에 대한 보다 정확한 분석과 판단이 가능해질 것으로 기대한다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Recent progress of several kinds of compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural fungi for screening or conducting test as agricultural fungicides as well as some formulations for wood stain and decay control have been reviewed in this paper in China. Comments were pointed for Chinas further research and development of fungicides as well as pesticides.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of peer tutoring and feedback on academic learning in university mathematics. We compared subject satisfaction and academic achievement between the test group and the control group. We classified the test group(82 participants) and the control group(134 non-participants) and then applied peer tutoring and feedback to the test group. The rest of the environment was the same except for participation in the program. According to results, it was confirmed that the subject satisfaction were significantly higher(significance level .05) in the test group, where the subject satisfaction were learning objectives and expectation, learning satisfaction, and learning effect. Furthermore, in the change of academic achievement, the rate of decrease was lower and the rate of increase was higher in the test group than the control group. The satisfaction of participants was 4.33(Likert scale 5), and this trend tended to be same regardless of gender, high school course, or admission process.