• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.363-375
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• 2010

생산성 위주의 집약적인 농업방식으로 인한 토양오염과 환경파괴가 갈수록 심화되어 현재 친 환경재배의 요구가 날로 중요시되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 배 과원의 토양에 여러 가지 유기질 비료를 시용하였을 경우 토양의 화학성 및 미생물성 그리고 엽형질과 엽눈의 변화를 조사하였다. 개화 전 8년생 '신고' 배 과원에 쌀겨, 커피박퇴비, '키친퇴비(미생물 지킴이'$^{(R)}$) 및 세 가지 유기질 복합처리구를 배치하고 각각 주당 10kg, 10kg, 10kg, 30kg씩 살포하였고 대조구는 NPK 복합비료로 주당 60g을 살포하였다. 유기질 비료 처리 대조구보다 토양 내 유기물과 P, K, Ca, 그리고 Mg 농도 및 미생물 생체량(biomass)을 증가시켰다. 엽비중은 유기질 복합처리구에서 가장 높았고, 나머지 처리간에는 유의성이 없었다. 엽내 P와 K 농도는 처리간에 유의성이 나타났지만 토양 내 무기성분 농도 수준과는 관련성이 없었다. 엽내 Ca와 Mg는 처리간에 유의성이 없었다. 엽내 엽록소 함량은 모든 유기질 비료 처리구에서 대조구보다 증가하는 경향을 나타냈으나 꽃눈의 형질변화에서는 유의성이 나타나지 않았다. 본 실험은 1년간 유기질 퇴비를 통한 배 과원의 토양과 수체를 조사한 것으로 유기질 비료와 대조구간에 명확한 차이가 나오지 않는 경우도 있어서, 장기간에 연용에 따른 토양 특성 변화와 이에 따른 수체생장에 걸친 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 1997

본 연구는 Shigometer를 조경수목의 건강도 측정에 활용하기 위하여 계절별로 형성층 부근의 전기저항치를 조사하여 수종별 평균치를 구하고, 관목, 침엽수교목, 활엽수교목의 개엽, 개화, 생장정지등 계절별 생장에 따른 전기저항 특성을 상호 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1996년 3월부터 11월까지 경기도 수원시 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 교내에 식재되어 있는 조경수 20 수종을 대상으로 Shigometer를 이용하여 각 수목의 형성층의 전기저항치(CER)를 개화와 개엽시기인 3월에서 5월까지 주 1회씩, 6월부터 10월까지 월 1회씩, 그리고 11월에는 2주마다 측정하였다. 수종별로 건강한 4개체를 사용하였으며, 매회 개체당 4반복으로 조사하였다. 모든 수종이 3월에 높은 CER을 보이다가 4월부터 감소하기 시작하여 5월부터 8월 사이에 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, 9월부터 다시 증가하기 시작하여 11월에는 3월과 같은 수준의 높은 값을 나타냈다. 전체 20 수종 중에서 년 평균 CER 값이 가장 낮은 수종은 $5.5k{\Omega}$의 메타세코이아였으며 가장 높은 수종은 $22.7k{\Omega}$과 $22.9k{\Omega}$의 박태기나무와 쥐똥나무였다. 여름철 (6~8월)에 가장 낮은 CER 값을 보여준 수종은 등나무 ($2.4k{\Omega}$)였으며, 그 다음은 메타세코이아($2.5k{\Omega}$)이었다. 11월 혹은 3윌 중에 가장 높은 CER 값을 가진 나무는 사철나무($46.8k{\Omega}$)이었고 그 다음은 쥐똥나무($45.0k{\Omega}$)이였다. 봄철 개엽시기에 맞추어 대부분 수종의 CER이 감소하였으며, 특히 관목에서 현저히 나타났다. 개화시기에도 많은 수종의 CER이 감소하였는데 특히 개화량이 많은 관목과 활엽수 교목에서 관찰되었다. 관목, 활엽수 교목, 침엽수 교목간의 비교에서는 관목의 평균 CER치가 교목보다 높은 편이었으며, 상록수의 계절간 변화폭은 낙엽수보다 적게 나타났다. 메타세코이아는 낙엽성 침엽수이지만 년간 평균치가 가장 낮았다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

본 시험은 휴면 정도 및 탄소 함량이 사과나무의 과대지 내동성에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 실시하였다. 시험재료는 M.26과 M.9에 접목된 성목기 '후지' 사과나무의 과대지였다. 과대지의 휴면 정도는 자발휴면기(1월말), 자발휴면 타파 초기(2월초), 자발휴면 타파 후기(2월말), 발아기(3월말) 및 개화기(4월말)로 구분 하였다. 저온처리 범위는 $0^{\circ}C$부터 $-40^{\circ}C$ 사이였다. 탄소 함량의 차이에 따른 내동성은 갈색무늬병에 의해 낙엽이 심하게 발생한 '후지'/M.9 사과나무(낙엽구)와 과다결실에 의해 평균 신초장이 20cm 이하였던 '후지'/M.9 사과나무(수세가 약한 시험구)를 대상으로 조사하였다. 결과를 살펴보면, 과대지의 내동성은 자발휴면 타파 후에 약해졌다. M.9와 M.26에 접목된 '후지' 사과나무 과대지의 탄소 함량의 차이는 없었으며, M.9과 M.26 대목에 접목한 사과나무 과대지의 내동성 차이는 없었다. 건전구에 비해 낙엽구의 과대지는 C/N율이 낮았고, 수세가 약한 시험구는 탄소 함량이 낮았다. 이러한 결과에 의해 낙엽구와 수세가 약한 시험구의 내동성은 건전구보다 약하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.258-263
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• 2007

'후지'/M.9에 대한 세장방추형에 적합한 하단측지수 구성을 위하여 하단측지수를 달리하여 수체생육, 광환경, 수량 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 하단측지수준별 생육은 하단측지수를 5개로 유지했을 때 수폭은 넓었고, 신초장 및 정단신초장은 증가하였다. 수관위치별 수광률은 하단측지수가 5개인 처리구에서 수관상부(지상 150cm)와 수관중부(지상 100cm)에서는 높은 경향을 보였다. 총 단과지 화아수는 측지수에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 수관위치별로 보면 수관하부(지상 120cm 이하)에서 하단측지수가 5개 처리에서 가장 많았으며, 화아의 횡경도 커지는 경향이었다. 과실수량은 하단측지수가 5개에서 가장 많았고, 과중은 하단측지수가 5개와 8개에서 증가하는 경향이었다. 과실특성은 과형지수, 경도, 산함량, Hunter L, b값은 수관위치와 측지수준에 따라 차이가 없었으나, 가용성고형물 함량은 하단측지수가 5개일 때 높았다. 과실의 착색도를 나타내는 Hunter a값은 수광률이 가장 높은 하단측지수를 5개로 유지한 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2016

Small-sized persimmons produced by high crop load are better accepted in the export markets. However, maintaining high crop load frequently results in weakness of tree vigor, deterioration of fruit quality, and increase of the risks for alternate bearing. This experiment was conducted to determine the combined effects of fertilization rate and leaf-fruit (L/F) ratio on container-grown 3-year-old 'Fuyu' persimmon trees. Application of 3.6-g N, 2.1-g $P_2O_5$, 2.7-g $K_2O$, 2.7-g CaO, and 0.6-g MgO was for the control fertilization rate (CF) and that of a 3-fold CF was for the high fertilization rate (HF). Commercial fertilizers were surface-applied to a container on July 6, July 17, and August 10 in three equal aliquots. Single tree for each fertilization rate was assigned for 12 L/F ratios (5, 6.3, 7.7, 9, 10.4, 13, 15.5, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 33) mostly by fruit thinning or rarely by defoliation on July 1. HF did not affect the yield, weight and soluble solids of the fruits but decreased skin color. As L/F ratio increased, yield decreased but average weight, skin color, and soluble solids of fruits increased. With HF, N and K concentrations in leaves, fruits, and shoots increased to some extent but soluble sugars in dormant shoots decreased. Many shoots were cold-injured with low L/F ratio especially at the HF. HF did not increase number of flower buds the next spring either on a shoot or on a tree basis but increased shoot length, compared with the CF. Increasing L/F ratio markedly increased number of flower buds and shoot growth the following year at both fertilization rates. Therefore, an appropriate combination of fertilization rate and L/F ratio should be necessary to maintain stable fruit production and tree vigor at high crop load.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제4권
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• pp.7-10
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• 1965

In an experiment to evaluate the various aspects of symptom of witches' broom of jujube tree with two different kinds of scions, taken from diseased plant and stem- grafted upon sound stocks-one cut before wintering(stored in cellar), the other after wintering, it was observed that the disease rate of those cut before wintering(Nov.) was $\98\%$ whereas those cut after wintering(March) showed much lower rate, $3\%$ initially and gradually increased up to $39\%$. In another experiment of diseased bud grafted into healthy seedling, the finding made in the following year was that 14 stocks(only one of which salt union by callusing) were infected out of the given 23- in the initial stage only 4, yet gradually increased to the number of 14. The shoots from the ground portion of the diseased stock were in general more quickly subjected to the disease than the others. Under natural condition, the diseased trees develop at first seemingly the same leaves as healthy ones; it is not until the branches and loaves grow to a considerable degree that the symptom appears. Once appearing, tile disease grows and the symptom continues to appear as late as in Sept. and early Oct., causing tile plant to develop the extraordinary branches and leaves of extremely reduced size, the typical symptom of witches' broom. Such phenomenon can be observed in the experiments of the foregoing paragraphs. And the suckers and roots of diseased plant are bound to be infected, it was found out with no exception. Viewing from the results of the above experiments and observation, it is believed that the low temperature during winter causes the virus in the above-ground portion of diseased plant to diminish or inactivated, and subsequently the virus in the roots moves up or multiply in the sprouting season.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 The 7th International Symposium
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• pp.114-115
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will bel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field frill be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2000년도 제7차 국제 심포지움(생약자원개발에 관한연구) 및 추계정기 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.16-17
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will hel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/ or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field will be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.lso discussed.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the check shelling distribution of Lindera erythrocarpa Makino in Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo. The results were as follows : The total distribution area of Linedra erythrocarpa where are Jeondeung temple and Jugsu temple Kanghwa Island, MT. Suri, Kyunggido and MT. Kaya, Chungchongnamdo was 344.4ha and the total number of Linedra erythrocarpa was 3,224. The total number of femle Linedra erythrocarpa was625(22.2%) except the seedlings under 2cm of DBH(Diameter breast of height). For the estimation of tree age by counting of tree rings, the regression equation was Y=1.79X+9.47($R^2$=0.83, DBH=cm). The soil acidity of stands studied was $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. And the soil acidity of Seoul was $pH4.2{\sim}pH4.5$ So for the Planting Linedra erythrocarpa in Seoul area, the soil acidity of planting area should be changed to $pH4.6{\sim}pH5.8$. The flower size of and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. The length of petiole of male and female of Linedra erythrocarpa was 5.96mm, 3.66mm, respectively. And the number of flowers per flowering bud of male and female were 13.4, 11.2, respectively. The flowering period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 21 days from May 2 to May 22. And The leaf continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 203 days from April 7 to October 27. And the fall-foliage color continuing period was 10 days from October 18 to October 27. The fruit continuing period of Lindera erythrocarpa in Suwon was 61 days from September 26 to November 26.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2016

To find the optimal propagation condition for endangered Cypripedium macranthos Sw., also known as lady's slipper orchid, the effect of various organic additives on in vitro germination, protocorm formation and seedling growth was investigated during asymbiotic seed culture. When $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ coconut water was added to the basal medium, the highest germination rate and protocorm formation rate were achieved, with 70.8% and 74.2% respectively. Supplementation of phloem sap from birch tree or maple tree also showed a facilitating effect to improve the germination and protocorm development. With $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ birch sap or maple sap, both the germination and protocorm formation rates were roughly more than 65% and 68%. The roots and buds of the seedlings grew vigorously in the medium containing $100ml{\cdot}L^{-1}$ coconut water or phloem sap, in particular, their bud formation rates increased by more than 70%. Addition of banana powder and peptone could not create a more significantly favorable culture condition, and non-addition had the worst results. Our results demonstrated that proper organic amendments such as coconut water and phloem sap might be preferred to in vitro germination and the growth of seedlings developed from the protocorm of C. macranthos Sw. during asymbiotic seed culture.