• 제목/요약/키워드: Tree measurement

검색결과 286건 처리시간 0.028초

An Improved Multi-resolution image fusion framework using image enhancement technique

  • Jhee, Hojin;Jang, Chulhee;Jin, Sanghun;Hong, Yonghee
    • 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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    • 제22권12호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2017
  • This paper represents a novel framework for multi-scale image fusion. Multi-scale Kalman Smoothing (MKS) algorithm with quad-tree structure can provide a powerful multi-resolution image fusion scheme by employing Markov property. In general, such approach provides outstanding image fusion performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, however, quad-tree based method is often limited to be applied in certain applications due to its stair-like covariance structure, resulting in unrealistic blocky artifacts at the fusion result where finest scale data are void or missed. To mitigate this structural artifact, in this paper, a new scheme of multi-scale fusion framework is proposed. By employing Super Resolution (SR) technique on MKS algorithm, fine resolved measurement is generated and blended through the tree structure such that missed detail information at data missing region in fine scale image is properly inferred and the blocky artifact can be successfully suppressed at fusion result. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides significantly improved fusion results in the senses of both Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) performance and visual improvement over conventional MKS algorithm.

Effects of reflective film treatments on fruit quality attributes and peel color variables in 'Fuji' apple fruit

  • Jingi, Yoo;Jung-Geun, Kwon;In-Kyu, Kang
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제49권3호
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    • pp.521-529
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    • 2022
  • This study evaluated the effects of agricultural reflective film and HANSPEK film on the fruit quality attributes and peel color variables of 'Fuji' apples. The reflective films were applied under the tree canopies at 20 and 30 days before harvest (DBH), and a tree with no films was used as the control. Depending on the measurement locations, the light intensity was 7.4 - 14.6% higher in the reflective film treatments than that of the control. However, no difference in the light intensity was observed between the reflective and HASPEK films. In addition, the light intensity was not also different between the 20 and 30 DBH. At harvest, the flesh firmness, fruit weight, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, and internal ethylene concentration were not different regardless of the type of reflective film and treatment time. In addition, the peel color variables were not affected in the equatorial region. However, in the calyx region, the L* and b* values were decreased, and the a* value was increased by the reflective and HANSPEK films compared with the control. Hence, the hue angle was decreased to near 0o (red), and the peel color was improved. Therefore, this study suggests that the application of the HANSPEK film under a tree canopy could improve the fruit peel color of 'Fuji' apples.

Wall Thickness Measurement of Respiratory Airway in CT Images: Signal Processing Aspects

  • Park, Sang-Joon;Kim, Jong-Hyo;Kim, Kwang-Gi;Lee, Sang-Ho
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 2007년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.279-280
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    • 2007
  • Airway wall thickness is an important bio-marker for evaluation of pulmonary diseases such as stenosis, bronchiectasis. Nevertheless, an image-based analysis of the airway tree can provide precise and valuable airway size information, quantitative measurement of airway wall thickness in CT images involves various sources of error and uncertainty. So we have developed an accurate airway wall measurement technique for small airways with three-dimensional (3-D) approach. To illustrate performance of these techniques, we used airway phantom that consisted of 4 acryl tubes with various inner and outer diameters. Results show that evaluation of interpolation and deconvolution methods of airways in 3-D CT images, and significant improvement over the full-width-half-maximum method for measurement of not only location of the luminal and outer edge of the airway wall but airway wall thickness.

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노거수 수령 추정을 위한 지역별 연륜연대기 구축 및 활용 (Establishing Local Master Ring-Width Chronologies and Their Utilization for Estimating The Age of Big Old Trees)

  • 오정애;서정욱;김병로
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.85-95
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 연륜연대학적 방법을 이용하여 노거수 수령의 정확한 추정을 위해 수행되었다. 연구지역은 충청북도 괴산군(CBGS), 전라남도 구례군(JNGR), 경상북도 울진군(GBUJ)이며, 수종은 각 지역의 보호수로 지정된 느티나무와 소나무로 하였다. CBGS, JNGR, GBUJ에서 채취한 느티나무는 각각 12, 8, 6본이며, 소나무는 각각 10, 3, 9본이다. 시료(생장편)는 생장추(직경 5.2 mm)를 이용하여 채취하였다. 정확한 연륜측정을 위해 느티나무는 활주식 마이크로톰으로 횡단면을 절삭하였으며, 소나무는 사포를 이용하여 횡단면을 연마하였다. 연륜폭은 이용하여 0.01 mm 정확도로 측정하였다. 느티나무의 경우 CBGS와 GBUJ에서 203 (1813~2015)년의 연륜연대기가 작성되었으며, JNGR에서는 175 (1841~2015)년의 연륜연대기가 성공적으로 작성되었다. 소나무의 경우 CBGS, JNGR, GBUJ에서 각각 154(1862~2015)년, 175 (1841~2015)년, 250 (1776~2015)년의 연륜연대기가 성공적으로 작성되었다. 느티나무와 소나무의 지역별 대표연륜연대기를 상호 비교한 결과 대부분 낮은 t 값과 Glk 값을 보여 대표연륜연대기 상호간 일치도가 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. 최근 50년 평균 기온과 강수량 분포도를 지역별 대표연륜연대기와 비교한 결과, 지역별 대표 연륜연대기 패턴은 온도보다 강수량에 의해 결정되는 것이 확인되었다. 따라서 향후 연륜연대학적 방법을 이용한 정확한 수령추정을 위해선 강수량이 고려된 지역별 대표연륜연대기가 준비되어야 할 것이다.

Tree Height Estimation of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis in Korea with the Use of UAV-Acquired Imagery

  • Talkasen, Lynn J.;Kim, Myeong Jun;Kim, Dong Hyeon;Kim, Dong Geun;Lee, Kawn Hee
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.187-196
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    • 2017
  • The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for the estimation of tree height is gaining recognition. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of tree height estimation of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc. using digital surface model (DSM) generated from UAV-acquired imageries. Images were taken with the $Trimble^{(R)}$ UX5 equipped with Sony ${\alpha}5100$. The generated DSM, together with the digital elevation model (DEM) generated from a digital map of the study areas, were used in the estimation of tree height. Field measurements were conducted in order to generate a regression model and carry out accuracy assessment. The obtained coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) for P. densiflora (R2=0.71; RMSE=1.00 m) and P. koraiensis (R2=0.64; RMSE=0.85 m) are comparable to the results of similar studies. The results of the paired two-tailed t-test show that the two tree height estimation methods are not significantly different (p-value=0.04 and 0.10, alpha level=0.01), which means that tree height estimation using UAV imagery could be used as an alternative to field measurement.

Characteristic of Soil and Cambial Electrical Resistance for Investigation on Defect Cause of Planting Tree in Apartment

  • Cho, Chi-Woung;Yoo, Sun-Ah;Kim, Jeong-Ho
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제21권11호
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    • pp.1307-1320
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this paper is to provide information on planting construction for healthy plant growth. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the planting type, planting density, withering rate, soil characteristics, and cambium electrical resistance (CER) of withered trees in an apartment complex with a high withering rate. The major plant groups examined consisted of native broad-leaved tree species (39.3%), native narrow-leaved tree species (24.2%), and native broad-leaved - exotic narrow-leaved tree species (16.4%). The planting density of the green area, where trees were planted from 0.0 to 0.3 trees per unit area, was measured as 98.4%. Withered trees were found in 19 of the 20 planted species, and the withering rate was 41.8% (610 withered/1,461 planted). Withering rates for tree species were measured as follows: Sophora japonica and Salix babylonica (100.0%), Magmolia denudata (84.3%), Lindera obtusiloba (74.7%), cornus kousa (69.3%), acer triflorum (69.2%), diospyros kaki (66.7%), Prunus yedoensis (62.8%), Acer palmatum (52.6%), Prunus armeniaca (51.1%), Chaenomeles sinensis (43.7%), Ginkgo biloba (40.9%), Zelkova serrata (31.0%), Cornus officinalis (28.6%), Taxus cuspidata (25.6%), Pinus densiflora (21.4%), Pinus parviflora (15.2%), Pinus strobus (14.6%), and Abies holophylla (10.3%). Soil chemical analyses for 18 samples revealed that as the withering rate increased, the following occurred: (a) the ratio of silt and clay in soil increased; (b) the soil pH, organic matter rate, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in samples were graded as "inadequate," based on the plant grading evaluation; and (c) the NaCl and cation exchange capacity were evaluated as "somewhat satisfactory." The measurement of CER for withering rate shows electrical resistance for higher withering rate are higher, which could predict that a tree will not grow well.

수심별 조도계수 변화를 고려한 수목 조도공식 특성 분석 (Analysis of Tree Roughness Evaluation Methods Considering Depth-Dependent Roughness Coefficient Variation)

  • 이두한;이동섭
    • Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.51-63
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    • 2023
  • 하천내 수목관리는 홍수와 생태 관리의 균형점을 찾는다는 점에서 매우 중요하며 이를 위해서는 수목이 하천 수위에 미치는 영향을 정확하게 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서 수목에 작용하는 항력을 고려하는 수목조도공식 8개에 대해 검토하여 실무 수리계산의 관점에서 수목 조도계수 공식의 특성과 적용성을 평가하였다. 개별 수목 조도계수 공식의 수심별 조도계수 산정 특성을 비교하고, 수관부 영향, 수목밀도와 직경 영향, 수목 강성계수 영향, 수위 산정 결과 등을 분석하였다. 동일 조건 수심별 조도계수 비교를 통해 Kouwen and Fathi-Moghadam 공식과 Fischenich 공식은 타 공식에 비해 과도한 조도계수를 산정하였다. 수관부, 수목 직경, 수목 밀도 등은 공식에 따라 상이한 경향을 나타내나 과도한 특이점은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 수목 강성계수를 고려하는 Freeman et al. 공식과 Whittaker et al. 공식은 강성계수에 따라 조도계수가 매우 큰 차이를 나타낸다. 8개 공식의 조도계수 산정 결과를 이용하여 국내 중소규모 가상 하천에 적용한 결과 최대 약 0.2 - 0.4 m 정도의 수위 상승효과를 나타내고 있다. 이상의 검토를 통해 유사한 특성을 가지며 입력자료의 불확실성이 낮은 Baptist et al., Huthoff et al., Cheng, Luhar and Nepf 등의 4개 공식이 실무 적용에 적합한 것으로 판단하였다.

Canopy Model 적용을 통한 도심지 풍환경 예측 CFD 시뮬레이션 결과의 보정 (Modification of CFD results for Wind Environment in Urban area with Tree Canopy Model)

  • 정수현;홍인표;최종규;송두삼
    • 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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    • 제32권spc3호
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    • pp.185-193
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    • 2012
  • Recently rapid urbanization facilitates development of high-rise building complex including apartment and office building in urban area. Many problems related with high -rise building are reported. Especially, unpleasant strong winds in pedestrian area are frequently encountered around the high-rise building. CFD simulation methods are used to analyze the wind environment of pedestrian level in high-rise building block. However, the results show differences between CFD and measurement. This difference is attributed to improper use of CFD. Conventional CFD simulation for wind environment around high-rise building does not describe the effect of trees, shrubs and plants near ground which affect the wind environment of pedestrian level. Canopy model can be used to reproduce the aerodynamic effects of trees, shrubs and plants near ground. In this paper, CFD simulation methods coupled with the tree canopy model to predict wind environment of pedestrian level in high-rise residential building block were suggested and the validity was analyzed by comparison between measurement and CFD results.

Parallel Deblocking Filter Based on Modified Order of Accessing the Coding Tree Units for HEVC on Multicore Processor

  • Lei, Haiwei;Liu, Wenyi;Wang, Anhong
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.1684-1699
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    • 2017
  • The deblocking filter (DF) reduces blocking artifacts in encoded video sequences, and thereby significantly improves the subjective and objective quality of videos. Statistics show that the DF accounts for 5-18% of the total decoding time in high-efficiency video coding. Therefore, speeding up the DF will improve codec performance, especially for the decoder. In view of the rapid development of multicore technology, we propose a parallel DF scheme based on a modified order of accessing the coding tree units (CTUs) by analyzing the data dependencies between adjacent CTUs. This enables the DF to run in parallel, providing accelerated performance and more flexibility in the degree of parallelism, as well as finer parallel granularity. We additionally solve the problems of variable privatization and thread synchronization in the parallelization of the DF. Finally, the DF module is parallelized based on the HM16.1 reference software using OpenMP technology. The acceleration performance is experimentally tested under various numbers of cores, and the results show that the proposed scheme is very effective at speeding up the DF.

Measurement and Modeling of Job Stress of Electric Overhead Traveling Crane Operators

  • Krishna, Obilisetty B.;Maiti, Jhareswar;Ray, Pradip K.;Samanta, Biswajit;Mandal, Saptarshi;Sarkar, Sobhan
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.279-288
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    • 2015
  • Background: In this study, the measurement of job stress of electric overhead traveling crane operators and quantification of the effects of operator and workplace characteristics on job stress were assessed. Methods: Job stress was measured on five subscales: employee empowerment, role overload, role ambiguity, rule violation, and job hazard. The characteristics of the operators that were studied were age, experience, body weight, and body height. The workplace characteristics considered were hours of exposure, cabin type, cabin feature, and crane height. The proposed methodology included administration of a questionnaire survey to 76 electric overhead traveling crane operators followed by analysis using analysis of variance and a classification and regression tree. Results: The key findings were: (1) the five subscales can be used to measure job stress; (2) employee empowerment was the most significant factor followed by the role overload; (3) workplace characteristics contributed more towards job stress than operator's characteristics; and (4) of the workplace characteristics, crane height was the major contributor. Conclusion: The issues related to crane height and cabin feature can be fixed by providing engineering or foolproof solutions than relying on interventions related to the demographic factors.