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A Hybrid Multi-Level Feature Selection Framework for prediction of Chronic Disease

  • G.S. Raghavendra;Shanthi Mahesh;M.V.P. Chandrasekhara Rao
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.101-106
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    • 2023
  • Chronic illnesses are among the most common serious problems affecting human health. Early diagnosis of chronic diseases can assist to avoid or mitigate their consequences, potentially decreasing mortality rates. Using machine learning algorithms to identify risk factors is an exciting strategy. The issue with existing feature selection approaches is that each method provides a distinct set of properties that affect model correctness, and present methods cannot perform well on huge multidimensional datasets. We would like to introduce a novel model that contains a feature selection approach that selects optimal characteristics from big multidimensional data sets to provide reliable predictions of chronic illnesses without sacrificing data uniqueness.[1] To ensure the success of our proposed model, we employed balanced classes by employing hybrid balanced class sampling methods on the original dataset, as well as methods for data pre-processing and data transformation, to provide credible data for the training model. We ran and assessed our model on datasets with binary and multivalued classifications. We have used multiple datasets (Parkinson, arrythmia, breast cancer, kidney, diabetes). Suitable features are selected by using the Hybrid feature model consists of Lassocv, decision tree, random forest, gradient boosting,Adaboost, stochastic gradient descent and done voting of attributes which are common output from these methods.Accuracy of original dataset before applying framework is recorded and evaluated against reduced data set of attributes accuracy. The results are shown separately to provide comparisons. Based on the result analysis, we can conclude that our proposed model produced the highest accuracy on multi valued class datasets than on binary class attributes.[1]

Current status and prospects of citrus genomics (감귤 유전체 연구 동향 및 전망)

  • Kim, Ho Bang;Lim, Sanghyun;Kim, Jae Joon;Park, Young Cheol;Yun, Su-Hyun;Song, Kwan Jeong
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.326-335
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    • 2015
  • Citrus is an economically important fruit tree with the largest amount of fruit production in the world. It provides important nutrition such as vitamin C and other health-promoting compounds including its unique flavonoids for human health. However, it is classified into the most difficult crops to develop new cultivars through conventional breeding approaches due to its long juvenility and some unique reproductive biological features such as gamete sterility, nucellar embryony, and high level of heterozygosity. Due to global warming and changes in consumer trends, establishing a systematic and efficient breeding programs is highly required for sustainable production of high quality fruits and diversification of cultivars. Recently, reference genome sequences of sweet orange and clementine mandarin have been released. Based on the reference whole-genome sequences, comparative genomics, reference-guided resequencing, and genotyping-by-sequencing for various citrus cultivars and crosses could be performed for the advance of functional genomics and development of traits-related molecular markers. In addition, a full understanding of gene function and gene co-expression networks can be provided through combined analysis of various transcriptome data. Analytic information on whole-genome and transcriptome will provide massive data on polymorphic molecular markers such as SNP, INDEL, and SSR, suggesting that it is possible to construct integrated maps and high-density genetic maps as well as physical maps. In the near future, integrated maps will be useful for map-based precise cloning of genes that are specific to citrus with major agronomic traits to facilitate rapid and efficient marker-assisted selection.

Affected Model of Indoor Radon Concentrations Based on Lifestyle, Greenery Ratio, and Radon Levels in Groundwater (생활 습관, 주거지 주변 녹지 비율 및 지하수 내 라돈 농도 따른 실내 라돈 농도 영향 모델)

  • Lee, Hyun Young;Park, Ji Hyun;Lee, Cheol-Min;Kang, Dae Ryong
    • Journal of health informatics and statistics
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.309-316
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: Radon and its progeny pose environmental risks as a carcinogen, especially to the lungs. Investigating factors affecting indoor radon concentrations and models thereof are needed to prevent exposure to radon and to reduce indoor radon concentrations. The purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting indoor radon concentration and to construct a comprehensive model thereof. Methods: Questionnaires were administered to obtain data on residential environments, including building materials and life style. Decision tree and structural equation modeling were applied to predict residences at risk for higher radon concentrations and to develop the comprehensive model. Results: Greenery ratio, impermeable layer ratio, residence at ground level, daily ventilation, long-term heating, crack around the measuring device, and bedroom were significantly shown to be predictive factors of higher indoor radon concentrations. Daily ventilation reduced the probability of homes having indoor radon concentrations ${\geq}200Bq/m^3$ by 11.6%. Meanwhile, a greenery ratio ${\geq}65%$ without daily ventilation increased this probability by 15.3% compared to daily ventilation. The constructed model indicated greenery ratio and ventilation rate directly affecting indoor radon concentrations. Conclusions: Our model highlights the combined influences of geographical properties, groundwater, and lifestyle factors of an individual resident on indoor radon concentrations in Korea.

Genetic and Morphologic Identification of Spirometra ranarum in Myanmar

  • Jeon, Hyeong-Kyu;Park, Hansol;Lee, Dongmin;Choe, Seongjun;Kang, Yeseul;Bia, Mohammed Mebarek;Lee, Sang-Hwa;Sohn, Woon-Mok;Hong, Sung-Jong;Chai, Jong-Yil;Eom, Keeseon S.
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.275-280
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    • 2018
  • In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

The State Attribute and Grade Influence Structure for the RC Bridge Deck Slabs by Information Entropy (정보 엔트로피에 의한 RC 교량 상판의 상태속성 및 등급 영향 구조 분석)

  • Hwang, Jin-Ha;Park, Jong-Hoi;An, Seoung-Su
    • Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.61-71
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    • 2010
  • The attributes related to the health condition of RC deck slabs are analyzed to help us identify and rate the safety level of the bridges in this study. According to the related reports the state assessment for the outward aspects of bridges is the important and critical part for rating the overall structural safety. In this respect, the careful identification for the various state attributes make the field inspection and structural diagnosis very effective. This study analyzes the influence of the state attributes on evaluation classes and the relationship of them by the inductive reasoning, which raise the understanding and performance for evaluation work, and support the logical approach for the state assessment. ID3 algorithm applied to the case set which is constructed from the field reports indicates the main attributes and the precedence governing the assessment, and derives the decision hierarchy for the state assessment.

Crown Shape Control of Pinus koraiensis S. et Z. (VII) - The Influence of Thinning and Stem Pruning on Seed Component(The First Report) - (잣나무의 수형조절(VII) - 잣나무의 간벌과 수형조절이 종자의 성분에 미치는 영향(제1보) -)

  • Song, Jae-Mo;Shim, Tae-Heum;Yi, Jae-Seon
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.87-96
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    • 2001
  • In order to investigate the influence of increased seed production of Korean white pine(Pinus koraiensis S. et Z.), component of seeds, produced from trees in the thinned stand and the stem-pruned trees in the seed orchard, were analyzed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. General component analysis of seed There is no significant influence of thinning on the seed component in moisture content (thinned- 4.10%, unthinned- 3.74% ), ash (thinned- 2.95%, unthinned- 2.94%), crude lipid (thinned- 67.62%, unthinned- 71.94%), and crude protein (thinned- 17.27%, unthinned- 17.50%). There is no significant influence of stem-pruning on the seed component in moisture content (unpruned- 4.26%, 1m stem-pruned- 4.10%, and 2m stem-pruned- 3.99%), ash (unpruned- 2.08%, 1m stem-pruned- 2.09%, and 2m stem-pruned- 2.15%) crude lipid(unpruned- 68.59%, 1m stem-pruned- 69.52%, and 2m stem-pruned- 72.53%), and crude protein (unpruned- 18.13%, 1m stem-pruned- 17.96%, and 2m stem-pruned- 17.56%) 2. Fatty acid analysis Seeds of tree from thinned and unthinned stands contained two essential fatty acids, i.e., linoleic acid (18:2) (thinned- 54.92%, unthinned- 55.40%) and linolenic acid (18:3) (thinned- 0.19%, and unthinned- 0.23%). Over 94% of fatty acids consisted of linoleic acid (18:2)(55%), oleic acid (18:1) (32%), and palmitic acid (16:0)(7%). T-test showed difference of content at 1% significance level for palmitoleic acid (16:1), stearic acid (18:0) and 8.11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) and at 5% for linolenic acid (18:3), but no significant difference for three major fatty acids mentioned above, between two types of trees. Thus thinning may give no influence in fatty acid content. Seeds of three types of trees contained two essential fatty acids, i.e., linoleic acid (18:2)(unpruned- 55.25%, 1m stem-pruned- 54.74%, and 2m stem-pruned- 55.00%), and linolenic acid (18:3)(0.21% for three kinds of trees). Linoleic acid (18:2)(55%), oleic acid (18:1) (32%), and palmitic acid (16:0)(6%) consisted of more than 93% of all fatty acid content. At 5% significance level in F-test, difference was observed in the content of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and 8.11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (20:3), but not in three major types of fatty acids above mentioned. It is observed that stem-pruning gave no significant influence in fatty acid content in general.

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End to End Model and Delay Performance for V2X in 5G (5G에서 V2X를 위한 End to End 모델 및 지연 성능 평가)

  • Bae, Kyoung Yul;Lee, Hong Woo
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.107-118
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    • 2016
  • The advent of 5G mobile communications, which is expected in 2020, will provide many services such as Internet of Things (IoT) and vehicle-to-infra/vehicle/nomadic (V2X) communication. There are many requirements to realizing these services: reduced latency, high data rate and reliability, and real-time service. In particular, a high level of reliability and delay sensitivity with an increased data rate are very important for M2M, IoT, and Factory 4.0. Around the world, 5G standardization organizations have considered these services and grouped them to finally derive the technical requirements and service scenarios. The first scenario is broadcast services that use a high data rate for multiple cases of sporting events or emergencies. The second scenario is as support for e-Health, car reliability, etc.; the third scenario is related to VR games with delay sensitivity and real-time techniques. Recently, these groups have been forming agreements on the requirements for such scenarios and the target level. Various techniques are being studied to satisfy such requirements and are being discussed in the context of software-defined networking (SDN) as the next-generation network architecture. SDN is being used to standardize ONF and basically refers to a structure that separates signals for the control plane from the packets for the data plane. One of the best examples for low latency and high reliability is an intelligent traffic system (ITS) using V2X. Because a car passes a small cell of the 5G network very rapidly, the messages to be delivered in the event of an emergency have to be transported in a very short time. This is a typical example requiring high delay sensitivity. 5G has to support a high reliability and delay sensitivity requirements for V2X in the field of traffic control. For these reasons, V2X is a major application of critical delay. V2X (vehicle-to-infra/vehicle/nomadic) represents all types of communication methods applicable to road and vehicles. It refers to a connected or networked vehicle. V2X can be divided into three kinds of communications. First is the communication between a vehicle and infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure; V2I). Second is the communication between a vehicle and another vehicle (vehicle-to-vehicle; V2V). Third is the communication between a vehicle and mobile equipment (vehicle-to-nomadic devices; V2N). This will be added in the future in various fields. Because the SDN structure is under consideration as the next-generation network architecture, the SDN architecture is significant. However, the centralized architecture of SDN can be considered as an unfavorable structure for delay-sensitive services because a centralized architecture is needed to communicate with many nodes and provide processing power. Therefore, in the case of emergency V2X communications, delay-related control functions require a tree supporting structure. For such a scenario, the architecture of the network processing the vehicle information is a major variable affecting delay. Because it is difficult to meet the desired level of delay sensitivity with a typical fully centralized SDN structure, research on the optimal size of an SDN for processing information is needed. This study examined the SDN architecture considering the V2X emergency delay requirements of a 5G network in the worst-case scenario and performed a system-level simulation on the speed of the car, radius, and cell tier to derive a range of cells for information transfer in SDN network. In the simulation, because 5G provides a sufficiently high data rate, the information for neighboring vehicle support to the car was assumed to be without errors. Furthermore, the 5G small cell was assumed to have a cell radius of 50-100 m, and the maximum speed of the vehicle was considered to be 30-200 km/h in order to examine the network architecture to minimize the delay.

A Study on Soil Characteristics of Poorly Vegetation Space for Landscape Remodeling Planning on Apartment Complex (아파트 조경 식생불량공간 리모델링 설계를 위한 토양특성 연구)

  • Han, Seung-Won;Kim, Kwang Jin;Yun, Ji Hye;Jeong, Na Ra;You, Soo Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.85-92
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to provide base information that can be utilized in surveying the status of landscape management within apartment complexes and grasping the conditions of the soil for planting plants, as a way to improve the quality of green spaces by repairing poorly vegetated spaces within apartment complexes and remodeling them with diverse species of plants. Considering that trees and shrubs of equal sizes are simultaneously planted upon the completion of apartment complexes, they were divided based on their completion year at the interval of 5 years and differences in the growth of trees and the components of soil over time were analyzed. Out of the species of trees planted in all the 9 apartment complexes surveyed in this study, the growth of 4 species of needleleaf trees and 4 species of broadleaf trees were surveyed. Juniperus chinensis 'Kaizuka' and Pinus densiflora Siebold & Zucc. out of the needleleaf trees and Malus floribunda Siebold ex Van Houtte out of the broadleaf trees showed the highest growth rate when over 5 years passed after planting and their growth rate decreased when over 10 years passed. Platycladus orientalis and Acer palmatum Thunb. in the apartment complexes that were built over 10 years ago showed the highest growth rate, which indicates that the species require a relatively long period of time for growth. The hardness of the soil at the areas where trees were planted but their soil surface was bare was analyzed. When over 5 years passed after the completion of apartment complexes, over 20 mm of the soil was found to be stamped. The physicochemical properties of soil were also surveyed and the pH level was found to have been continuously high ever since the completion. The organic content in the surveyed soil was about 1/3 of the content in fertile soil, which means that additional fertilization is required. These results indicate that the stamped soil and the health of soil can be restored, when replanting plants in bare areas, by adding plans to improve soil, such as designing drain ways around the planted areas, transporting soil for the 50 cm depth of the ground and mixing organic matters such as chaff, and simply by planting groundcover plants in the lower part of tress and shrubs.

A Study on the Visions of Zechariah in the Old Testament from a Perspective of Analytical Psychology (구약성서 '스가랴'서의 환상에 대한 분석심리학적 연구)

  • Sang Ick Han
    • Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.1-45
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    • 2014
  • Mystic experience such as seeing an vision could be explained as experiencing elusive and mysterious unique existence in religious way. In depth psychology, which is based on unconsciousness like analytical psychology, this could be explained as a something that gives a meaning of life and purpose through discovering health and healing. The importance of primodial experience in depth psychology is that it can possibly discover the base of present acts. In Christian theology, symbolic mystery and truth of religious experience that appear in Christian tradition have interest on human situation. These two fields' approach methods are different, but both show common interest on unique experience which can be said properly as raw experience. Various visions appear in many parts of the Bible. Among many visions, the book of Zechariah, one of the 12 Prophets, describes rich and diverse 8 visions through chapter 1 to chapter 8. However, due to the Genre of revelation, it lacks historicity, and because of vagueness and symbolic meanings, its visions are hard to understand and interpret. Theologically, visions of Zechariah show communality of Israelites by reconstructing kingdom of Judah and church in a way of historical circumstances. Though, these visions could deliver the meaning of an ethnical aspect as reporting continuous conversation between the God and humans. Furthermore, it could mean a personal aspect of the Prophet Zechariah as reaching for a opportunity of new change. Moreover, those who read these visions could try to interpret the meanings of various images which represent meeting mysterious existences. Therefore, the Author would concentrate on the fact that 8 visions in the book of Zechariah, which has not been received much attention to neither Christians nor non-believers, develop in chiastic structure (stylistic contrast), so that tries to interpret the first, second, seventh, and the eighth visions in analytic psychology way. In visions of Zechariah, excepting the 4th vision which probably was inserted later, rest of 7 visions each shows the stage of the hours of darkness. 1st to 3rd visions represent evening, 5th vision represents deep in the night, and 6th to 8th visions represent dawn to morning. Moreover, since structure of visions arranged in chiastic way, horse appears in 1st and 8th vision, measuring rope and measure tools are used as main motif in 2nd and 7th vision. However, same motifs could have different symbolic meanings and roles as visions are formed in different situations and conditions. In the first vision, angels who ride horses look around the world and report it is calm and peaceful. Concerning the political situation back in the day, the world being calm and peaceful in the beginning of evening means that it is not ready to change to a whole new world. Psychologically, if there is no readiness to adopt new world, it means being hopeless. It is sending you a message to get out of those kinds of situation. Moreover, appearance of four angels who rode red, brown, and white horses to a myrtus tree in the valley means that it is time for individuation and it is right and good timing for changing. In second vision, you will be able to see that Israelites had long years being caught in the shadows by foreign country, and long years succumbed by the strength of four horns, which shows the progress of renewing strength and being oneness with oneself from overwhelmed situation by paternity. In seventh vision, meaning of two women bringing the godness of the sky, who were locked up in a rice basket, back to the temple in Babylon is going towards in a level of Self-actualization by separating one's ego captured excessively by matherhood and putting back to a place where it was before. In eighth vision, chariots pulled by horses are scattered far and wide, and horses which went to north had rest in the land of North. After horses and chariots are seen between two mountains of bronze with the image of Self and anima/animus. These images can be explained as the changing progress are almost completed and the God and human, in other words Self and ego are being united and is now time for rest. All of 8 visions contains the conversation between angel and Zechariah who willing to know the meaning of visions. Zechariah asks the angel actively about the meaning of visions because of his wish for Israelites to return home and rebuild church. Conversation among the God, Zechariah, who asks questions until he knows everything, an Angel, who gives answer to given questions, is conversation between ego and anima/animus. Eventually, it is a conversation between Self and ego.