• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

The current study was performed to clarify the pupation disorder symptoms in silkworm which herbicide, molinate has been regarded as a causal origin. Molinate residues in mulberry leaves was monitored in major rearing area of silkworm; Yeacheon, Sangju and Namwon. Detected range of the molinate in mulberry leaves was 0.002 to 0.013 mg/kg and detection frequency was 30.0 to 81.8%. Molinate concentration in the air of mulberry tree growing area was $0.004\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Water diluted solution of molinate at the concentration of 1, 10, 100 mg/l gave no abnormal symptoms in silkworm irrespective of spraying to silkworm or spiking to diet. Exposing the silkworm to the air containing 250, 2,500, and $10,000\;{\mu}g/m^3$ also revealed no abnormal symptom. These results illustrated that the abnormal growth of silkworm encountered in the field was not caused by pesticide contamination.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-68
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• 1992

The results of survey on the nematodes associated with sapling from 8 Forestry Experiment Stations(F.E.S.) in Korea are reported herein. A total of 35 species under 20 genera, 11 families, and 2 orders were identified from the soils around the roots of 119 tree species and amongst them, Xiphinema insigne is unrecorded species for Korea and Geocenamus sp. is a new species. Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, which showed the highest detection rate (D.R.) from all F.E.S., except Nambu F.E.S, was the dominant species among the nematodes associated with saplings. The D.R. of T. claytoni was the highest in Ch’ungnam F.E.S. by 100% from 15 saplings sampled, followed by 87.5% in Kangwon, 66.6% in Kyongbuk, 58.3% in Cheonbuk, 48.1% in Ch’ungbuk, 41.3% in Kyongki, and 40% in Cheonnam F.E.S. Other important nematode species which showed very high densities by stations are; Criconemella morgensis (D.R.: 37.5%), Helicotylenchus digonicus (D.R. : 35%), Pararotylenchus pini (D.R.: 37%), Tylenchorhynchus nudus (D.R.: 37.9%), Criconemella informis (D.R.: 27.5%), and Meloidogyne sp. (D.R.: 12.5), from Chunbuk, Chunnam, Ch’ungbuk, Kyongki, and Kangwon F.E.S., respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.454-459
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the phytotoxic reaction and the impact on the growth of apple fruit included the yield amount by misuse of non-selective herbicide, glufosinate-ammonium in apple field and for the study, 4 cultivars of apple were tested. The results showed that the highest phytotoxic degree was observed on Sansa-cultivar and then the degree was diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Fuji in order in the application year. In one year after application, the highest phytotoxic degree was showed on Fuji and then diminished on Tsugaru, Hongro and Sansa in order. However, in one year after application, the phytotoxic symptom was negligible in comparison with the degree in the year of application and the flowering and fruiting were reduced 30% only in Fuji, but in the other cultivars, the phytotoxic symptoms were not observed. Meanwhile, the residue of glufosinate-ammonium was below the detection limit as 0.04ppm in all tested cultivars and in 2years after application, the phytotoxic symptom was not observed in all cultivars of the apple.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.177-212
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• 1993

My research is based on the parser for ill-formed input by Mellish in a paper in ACL 27th meeting Proceedings. 1989. My system is composed of two parsers:WFCP and IFCP. When WFCP fails to give the parse tree for the input sentence, the sentence is identified as ill-formed and is parsed by IFCP for error detection and recovery at the syntactic level. My system is indendent of grammatical rules. It does not take into account semantic ill-formedness. My system uses a grammar composed of 25 context-free rules. My system consistes of two major parsing strategies:top-down expection and bottem-up satisfaction. With top-down expectation. rules are retrieved under the inference condition and expaned by inactive arcs. When doing bottom-up parsing. my parser used two modes:Left-Right parsing and Right-to-Left parsing. My system repairs errors sucessfully when the input contains an omitted word or an unknown word substitued for a valid word. Left- corner and right-corner errors are more easily detected and repaired than ill-formed senteces where the error is in teh middle. The deviance note. with repair details, is kept in new inactive arcs which are generated by the error correction procedure. The implementation of my system is quite different from Mellish's. When rules are invoked. my system invokes all rules with minimal inference. My bottom up parsing strategy uses Left-to-Right mode and Right-to-Left mode. My system is bottom-up-parsing-oriented like the chart parser. Errors are repaired in two ways:using top-down hypothesis, and using Need-Chart which keeps the information of expectation and complection of expanded goals by rules. To reduce the number of top-down cycles. all rules are invoked simultaneously and this invocation information is kept in Need-Chart. This idea will be extended for the implementation of multiple error recovery system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 1984

Using the Duff and Noland's method, the annual ring growth patterns of the red pine in the natural stands were examined at two locations; Seocheon, Chungnam-do where the stand had been infested with the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis, during the years from 1975 to 1978, and Hongsong, Chungnam-do where had been no incidence of the insect damage. The results obtained are as follows: 1) With the normal red pine of 13 year old, the growth pattern in the oblique sequence indicates that the annual growth rates are maximum at the few terminal internodes, and decrease gradually with the downward internodes. Such characteristic of the growth pattern is not clear in the horizontal sequence of annual rings. 2) The indications of the radial growth reduction of the pine tree due to the pine gall midge infestation could be examined with any of three series at the crown level internodes; horizontal, vertical and oblique series. For the basal internodes, however, the horizontal series appeared to be inadequate for the analysis of the damage impact because it seemed to be masked by various factors other than direct effects of the damage. 3) Of the three ways of radial growth analyses, oblique sequence seems to be the most usefull, especially for the detection of the impact on growth caused by incipient or light infestation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2015

Staphylococcus aureus is an important foodborne pathogen that causes diverse diseases ranging from minor infections to life-threatening conditions in humans and animals. To further understand its pathogenesis, the genome of the strain S. aureus FORC_001 was isolated from a contaminated food. Its genome consists of 2,886,017 bp double-stranded DNA with a GC content of 32.8%. It is predicted to contain 2,728 open reading frames, 57 tRNAs, and 6 rRNA operons, including 1 additional 5S rRNA gene. Comparative phylogenetic tree analysis of 40 complete S. aureus genome sequences using average nucleotide identity (ANI) revealed that strain FORC_001 belonged to Group I. The closest phylogenetic match was S. aureus MRSA252, according to a whole-genome ANI (99.87%), suggesting that they might share a common ancestor. Comparative genome analysis of FORC_001 and MRSA252 revealed two non-homologous regions: Regions I and II. The presence of various antibiotic resistance genes, including the SCCmec cluster in Region I of MRSA252, suggests that this strain might have acquired the SCCmec cluster to adapt to specific environments containing methicillin. Region II of both genomes contains prophage regions but their DNA sequence identity is very low, suggesting that the prophages might differ. This is the first report of the complete genome sequence of S. aureus isolated from a real foodborne outbreak in South Korea. This report would be helpful to extend our understanding about the genome, general characteristics, and virulence factors of S. aureus for further studies of pathogenesis, rapid detection, and epidemiological investigation in foodborne outbreak.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

In the present study, we identified a Spirometra species of Myanmar origin (plerocercoid) by molecular analysis using mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes, as well as by morphological observations of an adult tapeworm. Spargana specimens were collected from a paddy-field in Taik Kyi Township Tarkwa Village, Yangon, Myanmar in December 2017. A total of 5 spargana were obtained from 20 frogs Hoplobatrachus rugulosus; syn: Rana rugulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) or R. tigrina (Steindachner, 1867). The plerocercoids were used for experimental infection of a dog. After 4 weeks of infection, an adult tapeworm was recovered from the intestine of the dog. Morphologically, the distinct features of Spirometra sp. (Myanmar origin) relative to S. erinaceieuropaei and S. decipiens include a uterine morphology comprising posterior uterine coils that larger than the terminal uterine ball and coiling of the uteri diagonally (swirling) rather than spirally. The cox1 sequences (1,566 bp) of the Myanmar-origin Spirometra species showed 97.9% similarity to a reference sequence of S. decipiens (GenBank no. KJ599679) and 90.5% similarity to a reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei (GenBank no. KJ599680). Phylogenetic tree topologies were identical and presented high confidence level of values for the 3 major branches of the 3 Spirometra species in cox1 and nad1 genes. These results indicated that Myanmar-origin Spirometra species coincided with those of S. ranarum and may be considered as a valid species.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

This study was carried out to develop reliable systems for somatic embryogenesis in oil palm tree (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), and to verify the somaclonal variants by RAPD analysis. Embryogenic callus was induced successfully on modified half-strength MS medium containing $NaH_2PO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and casein. Embryogenic callus was further developed to somatic embryo mass (SEM), which is very hard and bonded tightly each other. Plantlets were proliferated when SEM was cultured on modified MS medium containing half strength $NH_4NO_3$, casein and L-ascorbic acid. Plantlets were transplanted into pots containing artificial soils. When RAPD analysis was conducted using randomly selected 95 in vitro plantlets and 19 random primers, somaclonal variation was detected using BNR35 primer. There was missing band around 1 kb in #22, #28, #35, and #77 plantlets. In addition, bands obtained from #28, #35, and #77 was much stronger than other normal bands. The blast results at NCBI revealed that somaclonal variation observed in this study was related to chloroplast genome of oil palm. The results also revealed that oil palm reproduction system through somatic embryogenesis is quite reliable and early detection of somaclonal variants seem to be possible at in vitro stage by RAPD analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.545-553
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• 2009

Digital Elevation Models (DEM) is widely used in establishing the topographic profile in nation spatial information. Aerial Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) system is one of the well-known means to produce DEM. The system has fast data acquisition procedures and less weather-dependent restrictions compared to photogrammetric approaches. In this regards, LiDAR has been widely utilized and accepted in the process of nation spatial information generation due to its sufficient positional accuracy. However, the investigation of the accuracy of aerial LiDAR data over the area of forestation with various kinds of vegetations has been barely implemented in Korea. Hence, this research focuses on the investigation of the accuracy of aerial LiDAR data over the area of forestation and the evaluation of the acquired accuracy according to the characteristics of the vegetations. The study areas include land with shrubs and its adjacent forest area with mixed tree species. The spots for the investigation have been selected to be well-distributed over the whole study areas and their coordinates are surveyed by Global Positioning Systems (GPS). Then, the surveyed information and aerial LiDAR data have been compared with each other and the result accuracy has been evaluated. Conclusively, it is recommended that LiDAR data collection to be conducted after defoliation period, especially over the areas with broadleaf trees due to the possibility of significant outliers.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Globally, mulberry (Morus sp.) is exploited for feeding leaf to silkworms in order to obtain silk fiber or for animal feedstock production. Also, mulberry fruit is known to a by-product that was produced from mulberry tree after harvesting leaves for silkworm rearing, as a yield and consumption of mulberry fruit was increased, it has been fixing to a newincome crop. Mulberry leaves and fruits are used for the health benefits of human beings. Mulberry contains various bioactive components, such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Mulberry flavonoids are an important part of the diet because of their effects on human nutrition. The flavonoids in mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang'(Morus alba L.) were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flavonoids for mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang' were analysed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS)technique. An UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS system was used, and identification of mulberry leaves constituents was carried out on the basis of the complementary information obtained from LC spectra, MS ions, and MS/MS fragments. The mulberry leaf (16 flavonoids) and fruit (9 flavonoids) were isolated and analyzed from Suhyang using UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram. To the best of our knowledge, Quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was detected on the highest content in leaf and fruit, respectively and further research will be devoted to evaluate their biological activity. CONCLUSION: Obtaining information about the concentration of functional materials in mulberry leaves could contribute to the development and promotion of processed, functional products and offer possible industrial use of 'Suhyang', holding promises to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.