• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2010

The present study was evaluated the antibacterial effect of the combination of Coptidis rhizoma, Lonicerae Flos, and Paeonia japonica (1:1:1) extracts (CLP1000). Also, the effectiveness of CLP1000, dioctahedral smectite (DHS), and the combination of CLP1000 and DHS (CLPS1000) against E. coli O157:H7 infection was studied using ICR female mice. During the incubation period, the dose of 10% and 20% CLP1000 were inhibited the growth of E. coli O157:H7 by 30% and 47%, respectively. For 7 days after single challenge with E. coli O157:H7, forty female ICR mice were divided into four experimental groups which were orally administered with saline, 10% CLP1000, 10% DHS, and 10% CLPS1000, respectively. On the 3rd day, the number of E. coli O157:H7 in mouse feces was significantly decreased by administration of CLP1000 (p < 0.05), DHS (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 (p < 0.001). On the 7th day, CLP1000 (p < 0.05) and CLPS1000 p < 0.001) administration significantly decreased the number of E. coli O157:H7. According to the results of the present study, administration of CLPS1000 to mice can reduce the severity of E. coli O157:H7 infection. Also, it is suggested that CLPS100 represents a good candidate for the treatment of enteric infections in domestic animals.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.503-512
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• 2020

To enhance the usability of puffed rice, we evaluated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of vinegar made with puffed rice and lemon balm. First, puffed rice containing lemon balm extracts was fermented for alcohol production. The alcoholic fermented liquid was adjusted to an alcohol content of 6% and an initial acidity of 2% for vinegar fermentation. The pH and alcohol content of the lemon balm vinegar decreased overall as fermentation progressed. The total acidity was 5.20±0.01% (2.0% lemon balm) to 5.80±0.01% (0.0% lemon balm) on the 15th day of fermentation, and the total acidity was slightly lower as the amount of added lemon balm was increased. Citric, succinic, and acetic organic acids were detected in the vinegar and the acetic acid content was highest at 4.81% to 5.37% on the 15th day of fermentation. We found that the total polyphenol and total flavonoid content of the lemon balm vinegar increased as we added lemon balm, and the content on the 15th day of fermentation was 179.4±4.5 (0.0% lemon balm) - 340.8±2.6 mg/kg (2.0% lemon balm) and 1.5±0.3 (0.0% lemon balm) - 31.7±0.3 mg/kg (2.0% lemon balm), respectively. The higher the amount of lemon balm added, the higher the DPPH radical scavenging activity, the FRAP (reducing power), and the ABTS radical scavenging activity. Moreover, those activities after 2.0% lemon balm treatment were 82.99±0.61%, 1.08±0.01 abs., and 87.67±0.68%, respectively, on the 15th day of fermentation. These results suggest that vinegar with added lemon balm may be used as an antioxidant agent.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

We examined the effect of the turbid water on the periphytic diatom community in an artificial stream system. The artificial stream was constructed with transparent acryl and composed of four channels. Each channel ($20\;cm{\times}200\;cm{\times}40\;cm$) was supplied continuously with eutrophic lake water. In order to the freely colonize and grow diatoms, artificial substrate was installed with commercial slide glass soaked in 1% agar. Prior to introducing turbid water, the artificial stream was operated with lake water for 6 days to permit the propagation of diatom community on the substrates. The turbid water prepared with sediment sieved with ${\varphi}$ $64\;{\mu}m$ at $2\;g\;L^{-1}$ (final concentration, 300 NTU) was provided daily for 50 minute duration. The experiment was conducted for 7 days with manipulated experimental condition of light ($50{\sim}80\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, light:dark=24:0), temperature ($10{\pm}1^{\circ}C$), and flow rate ($0.31\;cm\;s^{-1}$). Sampling and analysis were conducted daily for water quality and diatom. Turbidity of the water varied 162.2~173.2 NTU during the experiment. After introduction of turbid water, DO, pH and TN were decreased, while SS and TP increased significantly. A total of 14 genera and 47 species of diatoms was observed on the artificial substrates during the experimental period. Of these, Navicula appeared to be a most dominant genus with 10 species, followed by Cymbella (6 species), Fragilaria (6 species) and Gomphonema (5 species). Achnanthes minutissima was the most dominant species (>70% of total frequency) in both control and treatment experiments. Increase in diatom abundance lasted for three days since turbid water introduction, after that they gradually decreased by the termination of the experiment. These results suggest that frequent supply of highly-concentrated turbid water significantly decreases the periphytic diatom community, and retard the recovery of the stable food-web within the stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.164-169
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : The intracordal cysts are more increasingly diagnosed and treated due to advanced laryngeal stroboscopy and laryngeal microsurgical technique. The intracordal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as vocal polyp or nodule The purpose of this study is to evaluate clinical features of intracordal cysts. Materials and Methods : In the present series, 83 cases of the intracordal cysts treated with laryngeal microsurgery are reported. The intracordal cysts are diagnosed preoperatively with indirect laryngoscopy, laryngeal endoscopy, laryngeal stroboscopy and confirmed with laryngeal microsurgical findings and biopsies. Results : Intracordal cysts are 83 of 1900 patients treated with laryngeal microsurgery(4.4%)-ductal cysts are 56 cases and epidermoid cysts are 27 cases. Intracordal cysts are more frequent in women, forties and the frequent site is an anterior third of the true vocal cord. With the indirect laryngoscopic examination, the ductal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as vocal polyps or nodules but the epidermoid cysts are relatively easily diagnosed. The etiologic factors of the intracordal cysts are suspected as voice abuse and upper respiratory infection. The degree of postoperative voice satisfaction is similar to that of the vocal polyps. Conclusion : Intracordal cysts are frequently misdiagnosed as polyps or nodules, therefore preoperative stroboscopic findings and laryngeal microsurgical findings is important. An ideal treatment is to enucleate the cysts avoiding rupture of cyst and injury of lamina propria of the vocal cord.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.439-446
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• 2005

Ferritin is known to be the principle iron-storage protein in a wide variety of rganisms. The electro­phoretic mobility and immunological cross-reactivity of dog splenic ferritin were compared with those of horse, bovine, and pig splenic ferritin after isolation using heat treatment, salting out, column chromatography, and ultrafiltration. These isolation methods allowed the recovery of $\~84{\mu}g$ of the ferritin per g of spleen. The iron content in the dog ferritin was $22.7\%$, which appeared to be higher than those in the other mammalian ferritins tested. The electrophoretic mobility of the dog ferritin under nondenaturing conditions was similar to its bovine counterpart, whereas it was more identical to pig and horse ferritins on an SDS-polyacrylamide gel. The molecular weight of the dog ferritin subunit was 19.5 kDa on an SDS-polyacrylarnide gel, and the subunit was unable to bind with iron. The polyclonal anti-dog ferritin raised in rats was able to cross-react with the pig, bovine, and horse ferritins, upon Ouchterlony double immunodiffusiion. A Western blot analysis also revealed that the anti-dog ferritin, which specifically bound with the dog ferritin subunit, could also recognize the horse, bovine, and pig ferritin subunits and the maximum cross-reactivity was exhibited with the pig ferritin subunit, indicating that the dog ferritin is immunochemically more similar to the pig ferritin than its other mammalian counterparts. Accordingly, these results elucidate the biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of dog ferritin that might have a potential to be applied as an oral iron supplement to treat iron deficiency anemia.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.307-318
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine effects of brewery meal-based fermented feedstuff supplemented with Aspergillus oryzae(AO) or Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC) on luminal micro-organism of Korean native cattle. Two cows equipped with luminal cannulas were used as experimental animals. Experiment was done with three treatment groups: $71.5\%$ of commercial feed and $28.5\%$ of com silage(control): $45.0\%$ of commercial feed, $26.5\%$ of fermented feedstuff supplemented with AO and $28.5\%$ of corn silage(TAO): $45.0\%$ of commercial feed, $26.5\%$ of fermented ffedstuff supplemented with SC and $28.5\%$ of corn silage(TSC). The number of total viable bacteria (p<0.05), anaerobic fungi and protozoa(p<0.05) was higher in TAO and TSC than in control. The number of proteolytic bacteria(p<0.05), cellulolytic bacteria and xylan fermenters tended to be higher in TAO and TSC than in control. The dry matter recovery (DMR) of protozoa was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content of total microbes and protozoa was higher in TSC than in control and TAO (p<0.05). The CP content of bacteria was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The ether extract(EE) content of the total microbes was higher in TAO than in control and TSC(p<0.05), and the EE of protozoa and bacteria were higher in TSC than in control and TAO(p<0.05). The ratio of essential amino acids of total microbe was higher in control than in TAO and TSC(p<0.05). The ratio of methionine and alanine of bacteria was higher in TAO and TSC than in control(p<0.05). The results suggested that the feeding of fermented feedstuff supplemented with AO or SC had an influence on the numbers of ruminal microorganism and the changes of microbial body composition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the planting densities and nitrogen levels on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and nutritive value of corn for silage in alpine area(altitude 800m a.s.1.) of National Livestock Research Institute from 2001 to 2002. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of three planting densities, low(67,000 plants/ha), medium(89,000 plants/ha) and high(95,000 plants/ha). Sub plots consisted of three nitrogen levels, 150 kg/ha, 200 kg/ha, and 250 kg/ha. Tassel height of corn was increased with decreasing planting density, and nitrogen level of 200 kg/ha in all main plots. Ear height of corn was decreased with increasing planting density, and 150 kg/ha of three nitrogen levels. But there were no significant differences among treatment in tassel and ear height. Although dry matter ear ratio of whole com was increased with decreasing planting density, there were no significant differences among treatments. But there were significant differences among nitrogen levels(P<0.05). Dry matter yield of com was high with increasing planting density, but there were no significant differences among treatments. And DM yield of corn was significant difference among nitrogen levels(P<0.05). Crude protein content of corn was the highest with high planting density and low nitrogen level. NDF and ADF content of com was the highest with low planting density and nitrogen levels of 200 kg/ha in all main treatments. These results indicate that low planting density(67.000 plants/ha) and nitrogen of 150-200 kg/ha would be the optimum level fur dry matter yield and nutritive value of silage com in alpine area.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 2017

This experiment was conducted to comparison study on the productivity for certified varieties of import adaptability of silage corn in Pyeongchang area. Total eight varieties (Gangpyeongok, 31N27, 32P75, 32W86, P3156, P3394, DK 689 및 DK 729) were evaluated. The experimental design was 8 treatment of randomized block with three replications. Corn varieties were cultivated in experimental field of Pyeongchang campus, SNU from 1 May to 2 September, 2015 and plot size was $15m^2$. Plant height of 32W86 and ear height of Gwanpyeongok was the highest (p<0.05). Tasseling and silking date was 27 July-3 August and silking occurred after 1-3 day of tasseling. Average day to silking was 92 days and that of 31N27 variety was short (p<0.05). The varieties of DeKalbo Company (DK 689 and DK 729) required more times to silking. Average GDD (growth degree day) of eight varieties was $1,023^{\circ}C$ and P3352 was the lowest GDD. In the trials of resistance evaluation, P3394 was strong in disease, P3156 was the highest in insect. All varieties did not show the lodging and variety of DK 729 showed the highest stay green score (p<0.05). Average dry matter content was 30.77%, it showed higher trend in DM. 32W86 was the highest DM content among the varieties, but there was no significant difference among varieties (p>0.05). The weight per ear was the highest in 32W86 and the lowest in Gwanpyeongok. The ration of ear to whole plant was higher in 32W86 and P3394, but it was not found the significant difference (p>0.05). Average yield of fresh and DM was 59,017 and 13,476 kg/ha, respectively. DK 689 showed higher DM and TDN yield than others, but there was not significant difference (p>0.05). According to results, the difference of productivity was not found among certified variety of import adaptability of silage corn. The varieties Gwanpyeongok, 32W86 and 32P75 would be recommendable in Pyeongchang area for stable cultivation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2014

Ultraviolet B (UV-B) irradiation is a negative factor that induces skin damage, inflammation, and aging. UVB irradiation induces the inflammatory response through interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in keratinocytes. In addition, it induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which plays an important role in collagen 1 degradation in the extracellular matrix. We investigated the antiaging effects of five kinds of berry in human skin keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells using juice of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis), blueberry wild (Vacciniun angustifolium) and cultivar (Vacciniun corymbosum), black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott), and mulberry (Morus abla). HaCaT cells irradiated with UV-B exhibited increased ROS generation, as well as IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-1 gene expression, when compared to the control cells that were not irradiated with UV-B. However, pre-treatment of berry juice before UV-B irradiation significantly down-regulated the UV-B-induced ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine and MMP-1 expression. The results suggest that all berries have anti-aging effects including lowering inflammatory cytokine levels, ROS generation, and MMP-1 expression in HaCaT cells during UV-B irradiation.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.228-233
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to retrospectively examine the factors and characteristics of cancer patients who visited the emergency room, as well as to offer some educational materials for to manage acute symptoms. Methods: Data for this study were selected from the period of January to December, 2006. A total of 564 patients were examined using the tool which we developed by ourselves for the study. The collected data were analyzed using the SAS program for frequencies and percentage. Results: As for disease-related characteristics of the subjects, 28.9% of them had gastric and colorectal cancer; 66.9% were in stage 4; 51.6% had been in chemotherapy prior to visiting the emergency room; and 82.5% had their anticancer drug administrated average 1~5 times. As for the characteristics in regard to visit the emergency room, 62.9% were admitted to hospital within 2 weeks of being treated. As for chief complaints for visiting the emergency room, the worst symptom was pain, followed by symptoms such as gastro-intestinal symptoms, respiratory symptoms, high fever, and weakness. As for the disease-related symptoms, the worst symptom that gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, liver and gallbladder cancer patients complained of was pain, high fever for lymphoma patients was respiratory symptoms for lung cancer patients, and gastrointestinal symptoms for head and neck cancer and other patients. Conclusion: Therefore, according to their need and background, an individualized consultation and teaching program should be provided to cancer patients.