• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 2006

Objectives : We wanted to evaluate the medical underutilization for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among Korean elderly men and we wanted to determine their associated factors. Methods : This study was conducted on 239 men with LUTS and 116 men with BPH who were compatible with the diagnostic criteria from a total of 641 participants. These participants were over 50 years old and they were randomly chosen in a community-based study for estimating the prevalence of BPH. Using a self-reported questionnaire, we surveyed the sociodemographics, health status, quality of life, lower urinary tract symptoms, medical utilization and reasons for not seeking treatment. Results : Only 27.6% of the men with LUTS and 31.0% of the men with BPH reported having visited a doctor for urinary symptoms. The reasons for not visiting a doctor were, in order of responses from the group with LUTS: 'considered the symptoms as a part of the normal ageing process', 'not enough time to visit a doctor', 'financial difficulty' and 'the symptoms were not severe or bothersome'. Regarding BPH, the responses were the same as those of the group with LUTS however, 'financial difficulty' placed second. Among the men with experience of visiting a doctor for urinary symptoms, 33.3% of those with LUTS and 28.1% of those with BPH were not treated. The most common reason in both groups was 'the symptoms were not severe to be treated'. On a multiple logistic regression analysis, the larger size household (odds ratio (OR) 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.40-6.54) and an unsatisfactory quality of life related with urinary symptoms (OR 2.98, 95% CI=1.23-7.21) were associated with medical utilization in the group of LUTS. For BPH, the current employment status was related with the medical utilization (OR 2.80, 95% CI=1.10-7.11), in addition to the larger size household (OR 3.24, 95% CI=1.14-9.21). Conclusions : Many men with urinary symptoms do not visit a doctor. This medical underutilization for people with LUTS and BPH may be associated with economic status in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.30 no.sup2
• /
• pp.300-308
• /
• 2001

Objectives : Anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion has become a well-accepted surgical treatment of degenerative cervical diseases. Implatable cages have a stabilizing effect without plates and no need for autogenous bone graft. The authors evaluates the effect of implatable titanium cage(RABEA) on the clinical and radiological outcomes. Methods : 34 patients with symptomatic cervical degenerative diseases due to one level disc pathology were underwent anterior cervical discectomy and interbody fusion with titanium cages(RABEA) which were not filled with cancallous bone grafts from January 1999 to May 2001. Patients with osteoporosis and older than 65 years were not included. Among them, 15 patients could be followed-up for at least 1 year. The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts and radiographic data. Mean follow-up period was $1.3{\pm}0.2years$. Results : Clinical results according to the Odom's criteria was exellent and good in 14(93%) patients. One patient with fair result showed complete loss of the disc space height due to settlement of the cage. Preoperatively, the mean height of the disc space(${\pm}$standard deviation) was $3.42{\pm}1.10mm$(range 2.0-5.5mm), and at 1 day postoperatively it was $7.88{\pm}0.90mm$(range 6.50-9.0). The mean height of the disc space after 1 year was $6.50{\pm}1.38mm$(range 3.0-8.0). The restoration of the height was statistically significant(p<0.05). The mean height after 1 year was $82.7{\pm}15.9%$ of the height at 1 day postoperatively. Preoperatively the mean value of the cervical lodortic angle was $21.8{\pm}11.8^{\circ}$ and 1 year postopertively, it was $24.5{\pm}8.3^{\circ}$, which was statistically not significant. All patients showed no abnormal movements on flexion and extension lateral film after 6 months. Conclusion : Implantable titanium cages appear safe and effective in selected patients, and their use helps to avoid complications associated with bone graft harvest. Subsidence of the cage seems to be a potential risk factor for recurrence of the symptoms. For long-term results, a longer follow-up is required.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.289-299
• /
• 2009

This study set out to analyze the perceptions of investigative police officers and division police officers regarding Police Investigation Specialization, which had been in effect for four years, identify the problems, and search for alternative policies. The results led to the following alternative policies; first, the communication among the members should be facilitated by trading the jobs between investigative policemen and division members in certain percentage regularly, integrating job education and special work, and developing diverse support programs for detective activities to provide them with opportunities to experience and understand investigation. The second suggestion concerns the investigation members' morale. There should be a range of measures to boost their moral such as allocating separate budget and personnel to support the investigation department and the treatment of major criminal and civil cases, giving each investigation team an office and investigation room to improve their working environment, readjusting the promotion ratio of Police Investigation Specialization to introduce a promotion system proper for each investigation's characteristics. The third suggestion is to secure job efficiency. It's required to reinforce the current short-term specialized education program to bring up practical and professional investigators, open the certification exam of professional investigators to all members so that every policeman can have their abilities recognized and approved as long as they have the demanded capabilities, and create a system of shedding off the members idle at work by reflecting low performance records when evaluating the members to decide who to dismiss from Police Investigation Specialization. And finally, it's important to divide duties rationally. The rationality of duties division can be guaranteed by setting the guidelines for direct handling for the team leader to help him devote himself to his duties, defining objective criteria of measuring investigation workload, and creating devoted systems and teams for simple and small accidents so that experienced investigators can deal with high-profile cases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2009

Oral diseases may hinder people from living a healthy life by causing obstacles in the nutrition supply of the human body. This study aims at the found out the eating habits and recognition factors of people who are currently suffering from denial pain, and made a predictive modeling using neural network, which is a data mining. The oral health condition for maintaining and improving oral health has been examined and analyzed through a survey and the groups were divided based on the presence and the absence of dental pain. This study observed on eating habits, exercise and oral habits. The study results of neural network modeling input parameter was selected significant survival factors. As a result of making a predictive modeling using the neural network, the fitness of the predictive modeling of dental pain factors was 88.7%. As for the people who are likely to experience dental pain predicted by the neural network model, preventive measures including proper eating habits, education on oral hygiene, and stress release must precede any dental treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.69-82
• /
• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between general characteristics and oral health behavior, oral health knowledge, and oral health literacy for adult workers. Methods: This study chose some adult workers located D City by convenience sampling method, and accepted those who understood the purpose of the study and agreed with a survey as subjects. The final study subjects were 297 except 24 with unsound questionnaires among a total of 321 questionnaires. The contents of a survey were demographic characteristics, oral health behavior, oral health knowledge, and oral literacy, and the survey was done by a self-administered questionnaire. Results: In the verbal oral health literacy distribution based on REALM standard of the subjects, a scale of 7-8, 45-60 points by score was the highest with 62.0%. In average monthly household income and oral health knowledge level of general characteristics, oral health literacy was statistically significant, and was statistically significant according to oral health literacy, monthly income of house hold, and marital status as well, and was statistically significant in oral health knowledge and oral health literacy level according to oral health behavior and in the oral health knowledge level depending on a regular checkup. And In experience existence and nonexistence of oral health education and understanding and misunderstanding of dentistry and dental health education, and main body of the decision of dental treatment, verbal oral health literacy of oral health knowledge and oral health literacy was significant. It can be seen that based on correlation among general characteristics, oral health knowledge level, verbal oral health literacy, and functional oral health literacy, there is a correlation among gender and education level, age and average monthly income, and age and marital status. Conclusions: This study presented the need for oral health literacy along with the oral health knowledge of oral health behavior affecting adult workers' oral health, and tried to establish the connection among them. Accordingly, it is thought that an improvement plan of oral health literacy for the prevention and promotion of adult workers' dental disease in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.263-272
• /
• 2021

This study investigated the oral health knowledge and educational needs of adults by life cycle. We aimed to provide basic data for developing oral health education plans for well -aging. The survey was conducted online and through mobiles by Gallup Korea during February 2021. A total of 319 adults over the age of 19 were surveyed. The study aimed at investigating the general characteristics, the quality of life-related to oral health, knowledge of oral health, and the need for well-aging education. The PASW Statistics ver 18.0 statistical program was used for data analysis. The analysis of the data suggests that prevention was the highest priority among all age groups. Furthermore, there was a difference in the perceived educational need among different age groups. The cause of the youth, the treatment of the middle-aged and the elderly were significantly related to oral and systemic disease. The need for education related to oral diseases was ranked in the order of aches, bad breath, periodontal diseases, and tooth discoloration. For information, the subjects reached out to the internet, dental and medical institutions, and public health centers. The teaching methods experienced by those surveyed included lectures combined with experience, videos, and expert lectures. We believe that this study can be used to develop an education plan that reflects the needs of the subjects when conducting life cycle education for well-aging.

• Annals of Coloproctology
• /
• v.34 no.6
• /
• pp.286-291
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Stage-IIIC colon cancer is an advanced disease; however, its oncologic outcomes and prognostic factors remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancer. Methods: From a multicenter database, we retrospectively enrolled 611 patients (355 men and 256 women) who had undergone a potentially curative resection for a stage-IIIC colon adenocarcinoma between 2003 and 2011. The primary endpoint was the 5-year DFS. Results: The median age was 62 years; 213 and 398 patients had right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC), respectively. The 5-year DFS in all patients was 52.0%; median follow-up time was 35 months (range, 1-134 months). A multivariate Cox regression revealed that female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.90; P < 0.01), right-sided tumor location (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.29-2.11; P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08-2.15; P < 0.01) and a high (${\geq}0.4$) metastatic lymph node ratio (HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.63-5.24; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of worse 5-year DFS. Female patients with RCC were 1.79 fold more likely to experience recurrence than male patients with LCC. Conclusion: Female sex and right-sided tumor location are associated with higher tumor recurrence rates in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancers. Aggressive treatment and close surveillance should be planned for patients in these groups.

• Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
• /
• v.95 no.5
• /
• pp.278-285
• /
• 2018

Purpose: We investigated the clinical outcomes of deceased donor kidney transplantation (KT) using kidneys with terminal acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods: Between February 2000 and December 2013, we performed 202 deceased donor renal transplants from 159 brain dead donors. According to the expanded criteria donor (ECD) and AKI network criteria, we divided 202 recipients into 4 groups: Group I: Non-AKI & standard criteria donor (SCD) (n = 97); group II: Non-AKI & ECD (n = 15); group III: AKI & SCD (n = 52); and group IV: AKI & ECD (n = 38). Results: The incidence of delayed graft function (DFG) was significantly higher in patients with AKI than it was in the non-AKI group (P = 0.008). There were no significant differences among the 4 groups in graft survival (P = 0.074) or patient survival (P = 0.090). However, the long-term allograft survival rate was significantly lower in group IV than it was in other groups (P = 0.024). Conclusion: Allografts from deceased donors with terminal AKI had a higher incidence of DGF than did those from donors without AKI. However, there is no significant difference in graft and patient survival rates among the groups. So, the utilization of renal grafts from ECDs with terminal AKI is a feasible approach to address the critical organ shortage.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2019

Biogasification is a technology that uses organic wastes to reproduce as environmental fuels containing methane gas. Biogasification has attracted worldwide attention because it can produce renewable-energy and stable land treatment with prohibit from landfilling and ocean dumping of organic waste. Biomethane is produced by refining biogas. It is injected into natural gas pipeline or used transportation fuel such as cars and buses. 90 bio-gasification facilities are operating in 2016, and methane gas production is very low due to it is limited to organic wastes such as food waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge. There are seven domestic biomethane manufacturing facilities, and the use of high value-added such as transport fuels and city-gas through upgrading biogas should be expanded. On the other hand, the rapid biogasification of organic wastes in domestic resulted in frequent breakdowns of facilities and low efficiency problems. Therefore, the problem is improving as technical guidance, design and operational technical guidance is developed and field experience is accumulated. However, while improvements in biogas production are being made, there is a problem with low utilization. In this study, the problems of biomethane manufacturing facilities were identified in order to optimize the production and utilization of biogas from organic waste resources. Also, in order to present the design and operation guideline of the gas pretreatment and the upgrading process, we will investigate precision monitoring, energy balance and economic analysis and solutions for on-site problems by facility.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of how the trauma care system applied on the management of trauma patient within the region. Methods: We divided the patients in a pre-trauma system group and a post-trauma system group according to the time when we began to apply the trauma care system in the Halla Hospital after designation of a trauma center. We compared annual general characteristics, injury severity score, the average numbers of the major trauma patients, clinical outcomes of the emergency department, and mortality rates between the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in the annual patients' average age ($54.1{\pm}20.0$ vs. $52.8{\pm}18.2$, p=0.201), transportation pathways (p=0.462), injury mechanism (p=0.486), injury severity score (22.93 vs. 23.96, p=0.877), emergency room (ER) stay in minutes (199.17 vs. 194.29, p=0.935), time to operation or procedure in minutes (154.07 vs. 142.1, p=0.767), time interval to intensive care unit (ICU) in minutes (219.54 vs. 237.13, p=0.662). The W score and Z score indicated better outcomes in post-trauma system group than in pre-trauma system group (W scores, 2.186 vs. 2.027; Z scores, 2.189 vs. 1.928). However, when analyzing survival rates for each department, in the neurosurgery department, in comparison with W score and Z score, both W score were positive and Z core was higher than +1.96. (pre-trauma group: 3.426, 2.335 vs. post-trauma group: 4.17, 1.967). In other than the neurosurgery department, W score was positive after selection, but Z score was less than +1.96, which is not a meaningful outcome of treatment (pre-trauma group: -0.358, -0.271 vs. post-trauma group: 1.071, 0.958). Conclusions: There were significant increases in patient numbers and improvement in survival rate after the introduction of the trauma system. However, there were no remarkable change in ER stay, time to ICU admission, time interval to emergent procedure or operation, and survival rates except neurosurgery. To achieve meaningful survival rates and the result of the rise of the trauma index, we will need to secure sufficient manpower, including specialists in various surgical area as well as rapid establishment of the trauma center.