• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.197-202
• /
• 1997

To hydrolyze silk fibroin was treated with NaOH solution on various concentrations and times. And it was examined that the addition effects of NaHSO3 solution on the solubility and colouring of silk fibroin. As obtained results are as follows; The more increasement of concentration and time of NaOH treatment, the more increasement of solubility but solubility was slight above 3% concentration of NaOH. Fibroin yield was decreased above 3% concentration. This was due to formation of peptide or amino acids below molecular weight 3,000. Most of molecular weight distribution came out to be under 3,000 in 2% concentration and 4hrs of NaOH treatment. The more increasement of adding concentration and 4hrs of NaOH treatment. The more increasement of adding concentration of NaHSO3, the more reduction of solubility but white index of powder increased. In the results of FT-IR spectras of silk fibroin powder obtained by various concentrations of NaHSO3 treatment, the absorbent peak at 3,400 cm-1 which was considered as -CH=N- (azomethine) was disappeared by the more addition of NaHSO3. It showed that absorbent peak of $\beta$-fibroin moved into low temperature region and transferred to $\alpha$- and random coil structure through the DSC experiment. In the results of amino acid analysis, alkali hydrolysis reduced the oxy amino contents acid like serine and tyrosine, but increased the glycine content by the more addition of NaHSO3.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
• /
• v.18
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to use disused vinyl as biofilm for biological sewage treatment. Efficiency verification was performed on laboratory and on-site plant. In laboratory study, total biochemical oxygen demand(TBOD) removal rate was ranged 94.8~97 % in each hydraulic retention tim(HRT), 12, 16, 20, 24 hr, respectively. At that time, filling rate was 50 %. And effluent TBOD concentration was low ranged 3.64~6.28 mg/L. In on-site plant, TBOD removal rate was ranged 88.2~96.8 % and effluent TBOD concentration was 4.8~17.7mg/L. This concentration was lower than disign effluent concentration, 30mg/L. Total kjeldhal nitrogen(TKN) removal efficiency was ranged 56.8~90.9%. This was resulted higher than Lab. scale treatment efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.127-139
• /
• 1991

Four group(Control I II, Treatment I II ) of Rats, each consisting of 10 rats, were studied Methylmercury Chloride MMc was orally given to Sprague-Dawley male at does of 10mg/kg (5 mg/kg $\cdot$ day), 10mg/kg after two weeks. This study was designed to investigate the distribution, the difference and the ratio of organic mercury, total mercury, zinc and copper in tissue, in each others group. The result were as follows: 1. There was no significantly difference in the body weight between two groups( p > 0.05). 2. There was significantly difference in the distribution of zinc concentration in liver, kidndey, blood, spleen between control I and treatment I, and in blood, spleen between control II and treatment II (P < 0.05). 3. There was significantly difference in the distribution of copper concentration in kidney, blood between control I and treatment I, and in spleen brain between control II and treatment II. 4. The ratio of zinc concentration in treatment/control was high at spleen. 5. The ratio of methylmercury/totalmercury was high at spleen.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.44-49
• /
• 2012

Electrochemical and photochemical techniques have been proved to be effective for the removal of organic pollutants in textile wastewater. The present study deals with degradation of synthetic textile effluents containing reactive dyes and assisting chemicals, using electro oxidation and photo catalytic treatment. The influence of various operating parameters such as dye concentration, current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and lamp intensity on TOC removal has been determined. From the present investigation it has been observed that nearly 70% of TOC removal has been recorded for electrooxidation treatment with current density 5 mA/$dm^2$, supporting electrolyte concentration of 3 g/L and in photocatalytic treatment with 250 V as optimum lamp intensity nearly 67% of TOC removal was observed. The result indicates that electro oxidation treatment is more efficient than photocatalytic treatment for dye degradation.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.9-20
• /
• 1998

This research was conducted to investigate the effects on the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the number of maggots in the feces from the experimental pigs fed probiotics additives, and the variance of NH3-concentration(ppm) generated in the experimental pig-pens. The experiment was performed twice in the W-farm(under the condition of sufficient energy and protein in Spring) and B-farm(insufficient energy and protein in Summer). The experiment was designed with 5 treatments (control and 4 treatments according to the kinds of additives used). In the W-farm experiment, 75 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 38kg were randomized with 3 replications for 102 days. In the B-farm experiment, 105 three-way crossbred pigs weighing average 33kg were randomized with 3 replications for 130 days. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The amount of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus in the feces was not significantly different among the treatments. But the amount of OM, N and P shows a tendency to be somewhat lowered in the treatment A. On the otherhand, the amount of dry matter was somewhat lowered in the treatment B. The amount of such matters in the W-farm was somewhat lowered than those in B-farm. But there was not significant difference between W-farm and B-farm. 2. On the variance of the number of maggots developed in the pig's feces according to each treatment, the number of maggots in the treatments added probiotics were markedly decreased in comparison with those of the control(T), and it was significantly different(p＜0.01). Especially the decrease in the treatment A and B was much remarkable. 3. The addition of probiotics to the pigs' feeds made the NH3-concentration generated in the pig-pens decrease markedly. especially the NH3-concentration in the treatment A had the highest decreasing ratio among all the treatments. The decreasing ratio of NH3-concentration of the treatments added probiotics as compared to control(T) was 59.1∼80.0%(average 70.3%) in the treatment A, 56.8∼80.0%(ave. 68.5%) in the treatment B and 24.4∼46.0%(ave. 35.0%) in the treatment C and D. On the variance of the NH3-concentration according to the experimental times)seasonal conditions), the NH3-concentration generated in the pig-pens was gradually increased from April to August, on the other hand it was decreased in the September. By the result of this study, it was appeared that the probiotics added to the pigs' feeds made the NH3-concentration decrease in the pig-pens to the extent of safety degree(25 ppm and less) permitted to swine especially in the treatment A and B.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 2016

Weighting of silk fabrics have long been practiced in silk fabric trading based on the primary consideration of price-weight, and secondary one of quality improvement in handle, luster, and drape properties. Recent trend of practicing weighting of silk fabrics is, however, focused on the improvement of the handle, luster, drape, and other properties. During the finishing processes of synthetic fiber, nylon, comprising amide structure, include the use of tannic acid, especially in the dyeing. A multitude of studies are being implemented in terms of improving fastness to washing, fastness to light of dyed nylon product, or the light fastness of nylon 6 itself. In this study, the effects of various tannic acid treatments on the physical properties related to the handle of nylon 6 and silk fabrics are examined and reviewed. The effects of treatment condition of the tannic acid, e.g., the concentration of the aqueous tannic acid solution, treatment time, and temperature were investigated. As the concentration of the aqueous solution of tannic acid increased, the bending rigidity values of the silk and nylon 6 fabrics increased. The treated fabrics felt stiff to the touch. Within the mild conditions of bending employed in the bending measurement of KES, nylon 6 treated fabric specimen exhibited a trend of improvement of bending resiliency within the range of small bending deformation. The weight of treated fabrics have all increased. The air-permeability values decreased as the treatment concentration increased. However, the decrease tendency of air permeability values may be alleviated by adjusting the fabric count during the tentering or expanding processes, either by tension adjustment or heat treatment. Optimum conditions of the treatment for nylon 6 are 1.25% tannic acid concentration, bath temperature of $85^{\circ}C$, pH 3.1, and those for silk fabric treatment are 1.25% tannic acid concentration, bath temperature of $85^{\circ}C$, pH 3.1. The treatment conditions will lead to the improvement in the properties of fabrics for summer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2012

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments in 2004 to prevent the transfer of aquatic organisms via ballast water. Thirty-four ballast water treatment systems were granted IMO active substance basic approval, among which twenty systems were granted final approval. This paper is an in-depth consideration of the mechanism principles of the treatment systems that received active substance basic or final approval from IMO, and on the concentration of Total Residual Oxidant (TRO). The TRO maximum allowable discharge concentration was reduced by neutralization equipment, resulting with a concentration lower than 0.2 ppm. However, between various treatment systems TRO maximum allowable dosage showed large differences, ranging from 1 to 15 ppm. The discrepancies of treatment allowable dosage concentration between different treatment systems are largely due to the properties of species and water conditions such as the temperature and turbidity, rather than the characteristics of treatment systems and the type or presence of filters etc.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.390-395
• /
• 2022

Objectives: Sweet bee venom (sBV) is purified from Apis mellifera, containing a high level of melittin-its main component. It has been used as a therapeutic agent for pain relief and anti-inflammation, as well as for treating neuronal abnormalities. Recently, there have been studies on the therapeutic application of sBV for anticancer treatment. In the present study, we investigated the pharmacological effect of sBV treatment in A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods: We used microscopic analysis to observe the morphological changes in A549 cells after sBV treatment. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effect after dose-dependent sBV treatment. Molecular changes in sBV were evaluated by the expression of apoptosis marker proteins using western blot analysis. Results: Microscopic analysis suggested that the growth inhibitory effect occurred in a dose-dependent manner; however, cell lysis occurred at a concentration over 20 ㎍/mL of sBV. The MTT assay indicated that sBV treatment exhibited a growth inhibitory effect at a concentration over 5 ㎍/mL. On fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis, G0 dead cells were observed after G1 arrest at treatment concentrations up to 10 ㎍/mL. However, rapid cell rupture was observed at a concentration of 20 ㎍/mL. Western blot analysis demonstrated that sBV treatment modulated the expression of multiple cell death-related proteins, including cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 9, p53, Bcl2, and Bax. Conclusion: sBV induced cell death in A549 human lung cancer cells at a pharmacological concentration, albeit causing hemolytic cell death at a high concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2012

Magnesium alloy have good physical properties such as good castability, good vibration absorption, high strength/weight ratios. Despite the desirable properties, the poor resistance of Mg alloy impedes their use in many various applications. Therefore, magnesium alloy require surface treatment to improve hardness, corrosion and wear resistance. Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) is one the surface treatment methods to form oxide layer on Mg alloy in alkali electrolyte. In comparison with Anodizing, there is environmental process having higher hardness and faster deposition rate. In this study, the characteristics of oxide film were examined after coating the AZ31 Mg alloy through the PEO process. We changed concentration of sodium aluminate into $K_2ZrF_6$, KF base electrolyte. The morphologies of the coating layer were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Corrosion resistance also investigated by potentiodynamic polarization analysis. As a result, propertiy of oxide layer were changed by concentration of sodium aluminate. Increasing with concentration of sodium aluminate in electrolyte, the oxidation layer was denser and the pore size was smaller on the surface.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.499-505
• /
• 2009

Many other countries have investigated the residual sludge treatment process to save the existing water resource and produce the high suspended solid concentration sludge. There are various methods for concentrating residual sludge, but the membrane system has received the most interest for its efficiency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of membrane filtration system for the residual sludge treatment. The experiment equipment was composed of Lab scale Crossflow tubular membrane filtration system. Generally, crossflow operation mode demands high electric cost mainly for the pump energy. So to cut off electric cost, very low Crossflow velocity was used in this experiment. Results confirmed that suspended solid concentration of residual sludge could be concentrated to 57,000mg/L in low Crossflow velocity tubular membrane system,. This concentration can be directly injected into the dehydrator. Based on the results, we know that the Crossflow tubular membrane system should be replaced conventional residual sludge treatment system.