• 열처리공학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2001

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2013

This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of extracts from fruit by-products on the blood characteristics, antioxidant activities, and immune response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in growing pigs. A total of 96 pigs [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] with an initial BW of $27.94{\pm}0.92kg$ were used in a 6-week feeding trial. The pigs were randomly placed into one of four treatment groups with six replications (four pigs per replication) per treatment according to their initial BW. Treatments were: 1) CON (basal diet), 2) PRO (CON + 0.5% procyanidin), 3) HES (CON + 0.5% hesperetin), 4) TAN (CON + 0.5% tannin). At the end of the sixth week, five pigs (total 20 pigs, $BW=27.94{\pm}0.92kg$) were selected from each treatment and injected with LPS ($100{\mu}g/kg$ of BW). Blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS injection to assess anti-oxidative and inflammatory responses. After the LPS challenge, the concentration of serum cholesterol decreased with fruit by-product treatment compared with CON (p<0.05). The administration of TAN increased the concentration of blood total protein compared with the CON group 3 h after LPS challenge (p<0.05). The albumin concentration was also higher with PRO treatment compared to HES treatment (p<0.05). The concentration of IgM was increased by fruit by-product supplementation at 0 and 3 h (p<0.05). In addition, IgG concentration was higher in PRO, HES, and TAN treatments compared to CON treatment at 0 h, and IgG concentrations were also higher in the HES group compared to the CON group at 3 h (p<0.05). The concentration of IgA also increased with fruit by-product treatments at 3 h (p<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with fruit by-products may moderate the immune response after a LPS challenge in growing pigs.

• 동의생리학회지
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• 제14권2호통권20호
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• pp.189-198
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• 1999

Aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, have been used as antibiotics for the various infections by gram-negative bacteria. However, there are some restrictions for using these drugs. Gentamicin, a typical aminoglycoside, has the side effect of nephrotoxicity, including polyuria, glycosuria, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and uremia. The aims of this study were to examine the prevention or reduction effects of Jinmootang on the gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and to investigate the possible mechanisms on the effect of Jinmootang. The subcutaneous injections of 60mg of gentamicin per kg of boby weight to Sprague-Dawley rats for 8 days induced typical symptoms of nephrotoxicity by aminoglycosides. 0.6ml of water extract Jinmootang (100ml/chup) was orally treated in the experimental animal. 24-hour urine was collected with the metabolic cage and plasma was sampled from the abdominal aorta. The plasma concentration of sodium was significantly decreased by the treatment of gentamicin but it was not-significantly changed by the treatment of Jinmootang to the animal. The concentration of potassium was greatly decreased in the gentamicin-treated animals. However. it was returned to the normal level in the Jinmootang-treated animals. The concentrations of creatinine and urea were increased by gentamicin treatment. But, Jinmootang reduced these concentrations. Nevertheless, the osmolalities of plasma in both group were not different from each other. Even though the plasma concentration of aldosterone was not significantly changed, the mean value was increased by the gentamicin intoxication. The concentration of aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang. The reduction of aldosterone level in plasma could be a factor to improve the hypokalemia. The fractional excretion of potassium was much higher than normal by the treatment of gentamicin and it was decreased by 50% in the Jinmootang-treated rats. Therefore, the reabsorption of potassium was significantly increased by the treatment of Jinmootang, even though the filtered load of potassium in the experimental group was much highter than control. Even though the concentration of plasma aldosterone was decreased by the treatment of Jinmootang, the fractional excretion of sodium was not increased, slightly lower. These data suggested that Na reabsorption was increased in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang. The filtered load of glucose in the Jinmootang-treated group was greater than in control. Nevertheless, the fractional excretion of glucose in the experimental group was not different from that in control. These results indicate that glucose reabsorption was increase in the proximal tubule by Jinmootang treatment. The results of this study suggest that Jinmootang could improve the some nephrotoxic symptoms induced by gentramicin treatment. Hypokalemia, the reduced glomerular filtration rate, and dysfunctions of renal proximal tubule and distal nephron were significantly recovered to normal level. The increase of glomerular filtration rate by Jinmootang might contribute to eliminate the waste product, including creatinine and urea, and/or gentamicin through the kidney.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.124.2-124.2
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• 2016

Corrosion resistance and adhesion of electro-paint (E-paint) with fluoride conversion coating (FCC) on AZ31 Mg alloy were studied. Corrosion resistance and adhesion were studied as a function of FCC-treatment time and concentration of FCC-bath. Aqueous hydrogen fluoride (HF) solutions, with concentrations ranging from 0.5 M to 5 M, were used to form FCC on chemically polished AZ31 Mg alloy samples for six different times; 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 180s. The results from salt spray test (SST) showed that corrosion resistance of E-paint appeared to decrease with increasing FCC treatment times in low concentration FCC baths. The number of blisters formed on the FCC-treated samples increased with increasing FCC treatment time of more than 1 min in low concentration (0.5 M to 1 M) solutions. On the other hand, samples treated in the 5 M HF solution for 120s showed no delamination or blistering even after 1200h of SST.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.60-67
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• 1995

This study was made to investigate the effect of silk fabrics treated with mimosa and tannic acid-weighting effect, surface color according to temprature, treatment time, concentration, pH. The results were as follows ; 1. The wavelength of maximum absorption of mimosa and tannic acid solution appeared at 278.5nm and 275.0nm, respectively. By the irradiation, spectra at wavelength of maximum absorption of mimosa solution disappeared, but those of tannic acid solution decreased after 48hr irradiation. 2. The tannin weighting increased with the increase of concentration, treatment temperature at 8$0^{\circ}C$, acidic condition. In case of tannic acid, it was higher than mimosa. 3. Surface color of silk fabric with mimosa changed from 2.8YR to 5.8YR acc-ording to the increase o( tannin concentration but in case of tannic acid itchanged from 4.2Y to 3.9Y. It was more changed acidic or alkaline conditionthan origine solution.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.209-214
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• 2000

The preventive effects of sodium molybdate on the acute toxicity of lead were studied by investigating tissue accumulation of lead, changes of nerve conduction velocity and concentrations of metabolites related to function of sciatic nerve in rats treated with lead, sodium molybdate and both, respectively. In lead-intoxicated rat, the conduction velocity, myo-inositol concentration and $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity of sciatic nerve were decreased by about 33 %, 48 % and 58 %, respectively. However, sodium molybdate treatment significantly normalized the conduction velocity, $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity and myo-inositol concentration of sciatic nerve in lead-intoxicated rat. Also, sodium molybdate treatment decreased the contents of lead in blood and sciatic nerve through promotion of urinary excretion of lead. But sodium molybdate treatment did not affect the glucose concentration in sciatic nerve. These results suggest that sodium molybdate prevented peripheral neuropathy not only by reducing lead contents in sciatic nerve and blood, but also by enhancing $Na^{+}/K^{+}$ ATPase activity in sciatic nerve.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.34-38
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• 1993

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effects of chlorine dioxide and ozone on reduction of THM(trihalomethane) formation. Precursor concentration, chlorine concentration, reaction time, pH, and temperature were governing compornents of THM formation. When other conditions are constant, THM formation increased linearly with precursor concentration increased. THM formation increased when pH increased from 5 to 9. In combined treatment with chlorine and chlorine dioxide, chlorine treatment after chlorine dioxide treatment made less THM than any other case does. Ozonation reduced THMFP(THM formation potential) of THM precursor. THMFP decreased exponentially with reaction time increased. Also biodegradability of humic acid was enhanced by ozonation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate water treatment characteristics according to vegetated wetland(V) and open water(O) arrangements in free water surface constructed wetland. Three pilot-scale wetlands, V-V, O-V and V-O, were built and operated. $BOD_5$ was a slightly reduced at all the arrangements because the influent concentration was so low as background concentration of constructed wetlands. While T-N and T-P removal efficiency showed higher than 50% for all cases. The O-V arrangement showed the highest removal efficiency: 20% for $BOD_5$, 56% for SS, 59% for T-N and 72% for T-P. Effluent concentration of the O-V were significantly low compared with those from the V-O. O-V arrangement would be beneficial in the light of pollutant removal efficiency as well as construction cost.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2016

This study was conducted to improve sensory quality of Jokbal (Korean Pettitoes) made from frozen pig feet by addition of herbal mixture (glasswort, raspberry and Sansa powders). After adding herbal mixture, lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid values, TBARS), sensory property, and textural property were determined. Herbs were individually added into cooking soup at concentration of 6% (low concentration treatment, LCT) or 12% (high concentration treatment, HCT) of raw pig feet. Refrigerated pig feet were used as control. Thawed feet without any herbal mixture were used as freezing treatment (FT). TBARS in LCT or HCT were lower than that in FT, and showed the similar to that in Control. Addition of the herbal mixture was effective in improving the flavor and textural property of thawed feet by inhibiting lipid oxidation and protein denaturation in a dose-dependent manner.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.90-94
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• 2013

Cement or lime is generally used to improve the strength of soil. However, bacteria were utilized to produce cementation of loose soils in this study. The microo rganism called Bacillus, and $CaCl_2$ was introduced into loose sand and soft silt and $CaCO_3$ in the voids of soil particles were produced, leading to cementation of soil particles. In this study, loose sand and soft silt typically encountered in Korea were bio-treated with 3 types of bacteria concentration. The cementation (or calcite precipitation) in the soil particles induced by the high concentration bacteria treatment was investigated at 7 days after curing. Based on the results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) tests and EDX analyses, high concentration bacteria treatment for loose sand was observed to produce noticeable amount of $CaCO_3$, implying a significant cementation of soil particles. It was observed that higher calcium carbonate depositions were observed in poorly graded distribution as compared to well graded distribution. In addition, effectiveness of biogrouting has also been found to be feasible by bio-treatment without any cementing agent.