• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the factors contributing to the barrier of dental treatment for special needs patients perceived by the main caregivers of the patients. A questionnaire was developed with three parts: patient-related factors, caregiver-related factors, and factors for treatment barriers. Patient- and caregiver-related factors were analyzed for correlations with the barrier factors. Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test were used at the level of 0.05. A total of 52 caregivers (mean age [SD]=50.2 [11.5] years) for the patients with intellectual and cognitive disabilities (mean age [SD]=38.9 [21.3]) responded to the questionnaires. Oral hygiene status, need for assistance in tooth brushing, and cooperation for tooth brushing were correlated with the level of treatment cooperation of the patients (p<0.05). The above three factors were also correlated with the treatment barrier despite patients presenting oral symptoms (p<0.05). Two thirds of the caregivers felt the treatment cost as severe or a considerable financial burden. For patients, insurance types and need for assistance in tooth brushing, and for caregivers, education levels and financial status were significant factors contributing to financial burden (p<0.05). There were background factors of the patients and their caregivers associated with access to dental treatment for special needs patients. Deficient cooperative skills and financial burdens were the main obstacles to treatment access. Tooth brushing skills and oral hygiene status can be proxy measures to cooperative ability for dental treatment.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.458-458
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• 2012

Fuel Cell is used stacking metal or polymer substrate. This hydro property of substrate surface is very important. Usually, surface property is hydrophilic. The surface oxidation of SUS is investigated through plasma treatments with an atmospheric-pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for increasing hydrophilic property. The plasma process makes an experiment under various operating conditions of the DBD, which operating conditions are treatment time, plasma gas mixture ratio, the plasma source supply frequency. Two kinds of SUS substrate, SUS-304 and SUS 316L, were used. Discharge frequency has a crucial impact on equipment performance and gas treatment. After the plasma treatment of a SUS plate, highly improved wettability was noted. But, when high oxygen supply, the substrate damaged seriously.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2008

Objectives : Since ancient times, Koreans have applied medicinal spabaths for treatment of various diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of strontium, one of the common ingredients of such baths, experimentally on acute skin barrier damage. Materials and Methods : Male hairless mice, average weight 20g, were divided into six groups. Each group consisted of five mice. The first was the normal, non-treated group. The second was the control group with acute skin barrier damage intentionally induced by TS. The third was the Ba-Sr1 group bathed in 1mg/L strontium chloride before and after inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The fourth was the Ba-Sr7 group bathed in 7mg/L strontium chloride before and after inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The fifth was the Sr1 group bathed in 1mg/L of strontium chloride only after intentionally inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. The sixth was the Sr7 group bathed in 7mg/L of strontium chloride only after intentionally inducing acute skin barrier damage by TS. External changes of skin, skin erythema level, transepidermal water loss level, and GOT and GPT level of each group were checked immediately before and after TS, 3 hrs, 5 hrs and 24 hrs after inducing acute skin barrier damage. Then, tissue samples were made and examined for damage to epithelial cells, stratum corneum, change of mucous polysaccharide in dermis and amount of mast cells. Statistical analysis was performed by one way-ANOVA, Scheffe and Duncan for a post hoc test and pairwise comparison for comparing for difference between each time. Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05) Results : 1. From skin erythema and TEWL level indicating the function of the skin barrier, we can know that it is helpful to the skin barrier to bathe in a water solution including a low concentration of strontium. 2. In the control group with acute skin barrier damage induced by TS, skin barrier damage persisted until 3-5 hrs and recovered after 5-24 hrs. Differently from the control group, in the case of taking a bath in a water solution including strontium, skin barrier damage recovered after only 3-5 hrs. Therefore, the bath with a water solution including strontium can promote recovery of the skin barrier. 3. Bathing in water solution including a higher concentration of strontium was more beneficial to recovery of skin barrier damage. 4. There was no influence on serum GOT and GPT from bathing in a water solution including strontium. Conclusions : The strontium was effective for recovery and mitigation of acute skin barrier damage induced by tape stripping. I suggest that strontium (Sr) can be used as an external treatment medicine, addedinto bath water to treat acute skin barrier damage.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.673-678
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• 2000

The dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) is a common method to create a nonthermal plasma in which electrical energy is used to create electrons with a high average kinetic energy. The unique aspect of dielectric barrier discharges is the large array of short lifetime(10ns) silent discharges created over the surface of the dielectric. A silent discharge is generated when the applied voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage of the carrier gas creating a conduction path between the applied electrode and grounded electrode. As charge accumulates on the dielectric, the electric field is reduced below the breakdown field of the carrier gas and the silent discharge self terminates preventing the DBD cell from producing a thermal arc. In fact, the most significant application of dielectric barrier discharges is to generate ozone for contaminated water treatment. Therefore, experiments were perfomed at 1∼2[bar] pressure using a coaxial geometry single dielectric barrier discharge for ozone concentrations and energy densities. The main result show that the concentration and efficiency of ozone are influenced by gas nature, gas quantity, gas pressure, supplied voltage and frequency.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.495-502
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigated the possibility of inactivating wilt germs (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici) using Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma in a hydroponic system. Recirculating hydroponic cultivation system for inactivation was consisted of planting port, LED lamp, water tank, and circulating pump for hydroponic and DBD plasma reactor. Two experiments were conducted: batch and intermittent continuous process. The effect of plasma treatment on Total Residual Oxidants (TRO) concentration change, Fusarium inactivation and growth of lettuce were investigated. In the batch experiment, most of the Fusarium was inactivated at a TRO concentration of 0.15 mg/L or more at four-day intervals. There was no change in lettuce growth after two times of plasma treatment for one week. The intermittent continuous experiment consisted of 30-minute, 60-minute, and 90-minute plasma treatment in 2 day intervals and 30-minute treatment a one-day; most of the Fusarium was inactivated only by treatment for 30-minute every two days. However, if inactivation under $10^1CFU/mL$ is required, it will be necessary to treat for 60 minutes in 2 day intervals. The plasma treatment caused no damage to the lettuce, except the 30 min plasma treatment ay the one-day interval. It was considered that the residual TRO concentration was higher than that of the other treatments.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

This paper describes a study on the abnormal behavior of the electrical characteristics of the (n)GaAs/Ti/Pt/Au Schottky contacts prepared by the two techniques of electron beam deposition and rf sputtering and after an annealing treatment. The samples were characterized by I-V and C-V measurements carried out over the temperature range of 150 - 350 K both in the as prepared state and after a 300 C, 30 min. anneal step. The variation of ideality factor with forward bias, the variation of ideality factor and barrier height with temperature and the difference between the capacitance barrier and current barrier show the presence of a thin interfacial oxide layer along with barrier height inhomogenieties at the metal/semiconductor interface. This barrier height inhomogeneity model also explains the lower barrier height for the sputtered samples to be due to the presence of low barrier height patches produced because of high plasma energy. After the annealing step the contacts prepared by electron beam have the highest typical current barrier height of 0.85 eV and capacitance barrier height of 0.86 eV whereas those prepared by sputtering (at the highest power studied) have the lowest typical current barrier height of 0.67 eV and capacitance barrier height of 0.78 eV.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.352.2-352.2
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• 2014

In this present work, we report a Cu-Mn alloy as a materials for the self-forming barrier process. And we investigated diffusion barrier properties of self-formed layer on low-k dielectrics with or without UV curing treatment. Cu alloy films were directly deposited onto low-k dielectrics by co-sputtering, followed by annealing at various temperatures. X-ray diffraction revealed Cu (111), Cu (200) and Cu (220) peaks for both of Cu alloys. The self-formed layers were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. In order to compare barrier properties between Mn-based interlayer interlayer, thermal stability was measured with various low-k dielectrics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that chemical compositions of self-formed layer. The compositions of the Mn based self-formed barriers after annealing were determined by the C concentration in the dielectric layers.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2003년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.910-913
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• 2003

In order to enhance performance, stability, and brightness of inorganic blue-light emitting EL device, barrier layer structure and pulsed laser annealing(PLA) treatment were introduced. The barrier layer structure was utilized for improving brightness of the device and instead of thermal annealing, pulsed laser annealing process was used. From this study, optimum barrier layer thickness and number of pulsed laser irradiation are established.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

This paper proposes and analyzes recycling of optical phonons emitted by nonradiative decay, which is a major thermal management concern for high-power light emitting diodes (LED), by introducing an integrated, heterogeneous barrier cooling layer. The cooling is proportional to the number of phonons absorbed per electron overcoming the potential barrier, while the multi-phonon absorption rate is inversely proportional to this number. We address the theoretical treatment of photon-electron-phonon interaction/transport kinetics for optimal number of phonons (i.e., barrier height). We consider a GaN/InGaN LED with a metal/AlGaAs/GaAs/metal potential barrier and discuss the energy conversion rates. We find that significant amount of heat can be recycled by the barrier transition cooling layer.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.74-85
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• 2018

Objectives: HTD treatment is a traditional preventive therapy for neonatal inflammatory diseases such as AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HTD treatments for the maintenance and formation of lipid barrier in Dermatophagoides farina-induced obese NC/Nga mice. Methods: 20 mg/kg of CRGR extracts as HTD treatments were orally administered to NC/Nga mice. To induce obesity, high fat diet was served. Dermatophagoides farina extracts was applied on the 4th-6th and 8th-10th weeks to induce AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Changes of skin conditions in mice were observed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that HTD treatments effectively maintained and formed the lipid barrier. In the experimental groups, restorations of Lass2 expression and distributions of filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, ASM, and LXR means that HTD treatments maintained and generated the lipid barrier. In the dermal papillae, HTD treatments reduced PKC production accompanied by epidermis damage. Furthermore, levels of IL-4, and STAT6 was low. HTD treatment may be effective for preventing inflammation induced by Th2-skewed condition by suppressing the main pathway of Th2 differentiation. Conclusions: HTD treatment alleviated the inflammatory damage in the skin tissues of the NC/Nga mice by maintaining the lipid barrier and suppressing Th2 differentiation.