• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2014

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 8주간의 점진적인 속도증진 훈련이 뇌졸중환자의 족저압, 보행주기, 보행대칭성에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 연구에 참여한 대상자들은 뇌졸중으로 진단 받고 N병원에 입원한 편마비환자 20명(실험군 10명, 대조군 10명)을 대상으로 하였다. 이들은 모두 물리치료와 작업치료를 받았고, 실험군은 주3회, 8주간의 트레드밀 보행훈련를 받았고, 대조군은 받지 않았다. 실험전, 후에 F-scan을 이용하여 보행주기, 보행대칭성을 검사하였다. 연구결과 : 8주 후, 보행주기는 실험군의 양하지지지기 I II, 단하지지지기에서 모두 유의하게 증가하였으나, 대조군에서는 양하지지지기 II, 단하지지지기에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 유각기는 실험군과 대조군 모두 유의하지는 않았다. 보행대칭성은 입각기 대칭성에서 대조군과 비교하여 실험군에서 유의하게 증가하였으나, 유각기 대칭성은 실험군과 대조군 모두 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자에 있어 보행훈련은 보행주기과 보행대칭성과 를 개선시키며, 특히 점진적인 속도 증진훈련은 양하지지지기, 단하지지지기, 입각기 보행대칭성에 효과적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.225-233
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• 2021

This study quantitatively compares and analyzes lower extremity muscle activity and motor neurons by performing blood flow-restricting aerobic training in the lower extremities, which is closely related to aerobic capacity for health, in normal people, and provides basic data to suggest the effectiveness of an effective blood-restricting exercise program. would like to provide A group of 10 people who applied aerobic exercise on a treadmill by restricting blood flow to 140 mmHg of pressure was set as Experimental Group I. And 11 people who applied only aerobic exercise on a treadmill were randomly assigned as a control group. The intervention program was implemented on a treadmill for 4 weeks, 3 times a week, once a day, for 30 minutes once. In addition, muscle activity and motor neurons were measured and analyzed using surface electromyography before intervention. As a result of the study, the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius was significantly increased (p<.001) in the pre-and-poster comparison within the group of experimental group I (p<.001). In the pre-and-poster comparison of the control group, the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius was significantly increased (p<.001). In comparison of changes between groups, there was a significant difference in the activity of the rectus femoris muscle (p<.05). Combining aerobic exercise in parallel with lower extremity blood flow restriction can be developed into an injury prevention exercise program that can restore functional activity in rehabilitation training for elite athletes and elderly people with weak joints. In addition, based on these results in future research, it is considered that it is necessary to expand the scope of non-normal subjects and conduct various studies according to the pressure intensity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2006

The effect of a chronic programme of either low- or moderate-to-high-intensity treadmill running on the activation of the Extracellular-signal regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), Phosphorylated ERK 1/2(pERK1/2) and the Phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(pJNK) pathways was determined in rat Back skin Hair follicle. Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: (i) sedentary group(NE; n=10); (ii) low-intensity exercise group (Bm/min; LIE; n=10); and (iii) moderate-high-intensity exercise group(28m1min; HIE; n=10). The training regimens were planned so that animals covered the same distance and had similar utilization for both LIE and HIE exercise sessions. The report runs as follows; A single bout of LIE or HIE following 4 weeks of exercise led to a twofold increase in the phosphorylation of ERK2, pERK2 and a threefold increase in pJNKl, pERKl. ERKI phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled and pJNK2 in HIE Back skin sampled 48h after the last exercise bout was similar to sedentary values, while pJNK2 phosphorylation in LIE Back skin sampled was 70-80% lower than sedentary. 48h after the last exercise bout of LIE or HIE increased ERK2, pERKl and pJNKl expression, with the magnitude of this increase being independent of prior exercise intensity or duration. PERK1/2, pJNKl expression was increased Three- to fourfold in Back skin Hair follicle sampled 48h after the last exercise bout irrespective of the prior exercise programme, but ERKI expression in HIE Back skin sampled was approximately 90% lower than sedentary values. In conclusion, exercise-training of different jntensities/durations results in selective postexercise activation of intracellular signal pathways, which may be one mechanism regulating specific adaptations induced by diverse training programmes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1081-1090
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• 1999

To establish the protocol of a standardized exercise test for evaluating exercise intolerance and degree of fitness in Thoroughbred racehorses, we examined serum lactate concentrations related to exercise intensities using the high speed treadmill. Twelve clinically healthy Thoroughbred racehorses with or without previous training or racing history were assigned to two gorups, fit and unfit group, respectively. The protocol used for the standardized exercise test was consisted of two stages : stage of warm-up and that of acceleration. During the warm-up, the horses exercised 5 min at 1.8m/s and 3 min 3.4m/s without inclination. At the acceleration stage, exercise test was performed at 10% slope and the speed was increased from the initial 5m/s to the maximal speed which each tested horse could keep up with. The speed was increased with incremental steps of 1 m/s every minute. During the last 15 sec of each step, blood samples were collected for serum lactate determination. $V_{max}$(maximal treadmill speed which tested horses could keep up with) of the fit group ($10.93{\pm}0.33m/s$, mean${\pm}$SE, n = 6) was higher than that of the unfit group ($9.52{\pm}0.23m/s$, mean${\pm}$SE, n = 6). Serum lactate concentrations increased exponentially according to exercise intensities. $V_{La4}$(speed producing a serum lactate concentration of 4mmol/l) of the fit group, $6.45{\pm}0.26m/s$, was higher than that of the unfit group, $5.45{\pm}0.23m/s$. $La_{peak}$(peak plasma lactate concentration during the exercise test) was lower in the fit group ($20.34{\pm}1.62mmol/l$ at 1 min after maximal intensity exercise) than in the unfit group ($24.78{\pm}1.09mmol/l$ at 2 min after maximal exercise step). $t_{50%}$(time required for the recovery of lactate concentration to be one-half of $La_{peak}$ after maximal exercise) of the unfit group and the fit group were 40.0 and 18.0 min, respectively. Therefore, the protocol of the incremental standardized exercise test utilized in this study seems to be reliable for the assessment of fitness and exercise intolerance for the Thoroughbred racehorses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.869-876
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• 2013

To develop functional products based on black garlic, a black garlic extract (BG) of 7 brix, a gaeddongssuk extract (GS) of 0.7 brix and two types of mixtures (MBS-I, black garlic 7 brix : gaeddongssuk 0.7 brix; MBS-II, black garlic 14 brix : gaeddongssuk 1.4 brix, 93:7, v/v) were supplemented to rats training on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Body weight from the training did not decrease during the experimental period. Serum albumin content significantly increased in the groups fed an experimental diet compared to the control. The BUN content significantly decreased in BG and MBS-II groups compared to the control. AST and ALP activities significantly decreased in the groups fed an experimental diet compared to the control. Serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in MBS-I and MBS-II groups significantly decreased compared to the control. Lipid levels in the serum and liver tissue were not significantly different between the MBS-I and MBS-II groups. The lipid peroxide content in the serum and liver tissue was significantly reduced in the groups fed all extracts compared to the control; the serum and liver lipid contents was lowest in the MBS-I and MBS-II groups, respectively. Hepatic catalase activity in the GS and MBS groups increased by 1.8~2.3 times compared to the control. SOD and GSH-px activities significantly increased from treatment with the extracts by 1.3~1.5 times and 1.2~1.7 times, respectively. These results indicate that a mixture of BG and GS extracts has higher biological activity than a single supplementation of BG or GS extract. Therefore, the addition of gaeddongssuk to black garlic (MBS-I and MBS-II) is effective as a defense material against oxidative stress. MBS-I may be especially effective for its biological activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.744-750
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• 2012

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of 12 weeks-moderate aerobic exercise training on body composition, adiponectin, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), and vascular inflammation factors in obese children. The subjects were classified into two groups, one of which was an exercise group (n=15) practicing moderate aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks, and the other group, the control group (n=13), was not in that program. The exercise group participants performed on the treadmill running at heart rate reserve (HRR) 50% of exercise intensity for 300 kcal of the consumed time. The results of all the studies and inspections are as follows: Weight, body mass index, body fat, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lower, while $VO_2$ max was higher in the exercise group than in the control group (p<0.05, respectively). Fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels in the exercise group were significantly decreased (p<0.05), whereas adiponectin levels in the exercise group were significantly increased after 12 weeks' exercise training (p<0.05). In addition, our results showed that RBP4, C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations in the exercise group were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). This investigation has shown that a 12 weeks-regular aerobic exercise program offers useful effects such as an amelioration of inflammation and body indices in obese children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Irisin, a newly identified hormone, is associated with energy homeostasis. We investigated whether aged garlic extract (AGE) and exercise training intervention could improve body weight, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle fibronectin domain containing protein 5 (FNDC-5) levels, and plasma irisin in high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS/METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a ND (normal diet, n=5) or HFD (n=28) for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, all rats were divided into 5 groups for the next 4 weeks: ND, (normal diet, n=5), HFD (high-fat diet, n=7), HFDA (high-fat diet + aged garlic extract, n=7), HFDE (high-fat diet + exercise, n=7), and HFDEA (high-fat diet + exercise + aged garlic extract, n=7). Exercise groups performed treadmill exercises for 15-60 min, 5 days/week, and AGE groups received AGE (2.86 g/kg, orally injected) for 4 weeks. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight were observed in the ND, HFDE, and HFDEA groups, as compared with the HFD group. Neither intervention affected the masses of the gastrocnemius muscle or liver. There were no significant differences in glucose levels across the groups. The homeostatic model assessments of insulin resistance were significantly higher in the HFD group, as compared with the ND, HFDA, HFDE, and HFDEA groups. However, skeletal muscle FNDC-5 levels and plasma irisin concentrations were unaffected by AGE or exercise in obese rats. AGE supplementation and exercise training did not affect skeletal muscle FNDC-5 or plasma irisin, which are associated with insulin sensitivity in obese rats. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the protection against HFD-induced increases in body fat/weight and insulin resistance that are provided by AGE supplementation and exercise training may not be mediated by the regulation of FNDC-5 or irisin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to determine the preventive effects of combined interventional trial of fish oil treatment and exercise training on insulin resistance of skeletal muscle in high-fat fed rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into chow diet (CD), high-fat diet (HF), high-fat diet with fish oil (FO), high-fat diet with exercise training (EX), and FO+EX groups. The rats in control group were fed chow diet containing, as percents of calories, 58.9% carbohydrate, 12.4% fat, and 28.7% protein. High-fat diet provided 32% energy as lard, 18% as corn oil, 27% as carbohydrate and 23% as casein. The fish oil diet had the same composition as the high fat diet except that 100 g menhaden oil was substituted for corn oil. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by in vitro glucose transport in the soleus muscle after diet treatment and treadmill running for 4 weeks. While the FO or EX only partially prevented insulin resistance on glucose transport and visceral obesity induced by high-fat diet, these interventions completely corrected hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia from the high-fat diet. The rats in the FO+EX showed normalized insulin action on glucose transport, plasma chemicals and visceral fat mass. Insulin-mediated glucose transport was negatively associated with total visceral fat mass (r=－0.734; p＜0.000), plasma triglyceride (r=－0.403; p＜0.05) and lepin (r=－0.583; p＜0.001) concentrations with significance. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that only total visceral fat mass was independently associated with insulin-mediated glucose transport (r=－0.668; p＜0.000). In conclusion, combined interventional trial of FO+EX recovered insulin resistance on glucose transport of skeletal muscle induced by high-fat diet. Visceral fat mass might be more important factor than plasma TG and leptin to induce insulin resistance on glucose transport of skeletal muscle in high-fat fed rats.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of coordinative locomotor training (CLT) program on the balance for the promotion of life care of elderly obese women. Ten participants of elderly obese women who were able to walk independently without surgery experience of lumbar, hip or knee joint within the past year were recruited and under went the pretest, CLT (20 sessions), followed by the post-test. The test included BMI test using In-body, joint kinematics using myoVIDEO, muscle activation using surface EMG test (erector spinae (ER), external oblique abdominalis (EO), quadriceps femoris (Quad), hamstring muscle (Ham)) and balance tests including dynamic balance test using forced treadmill, Berg balance scale (BBS) and timed up go (TUG). The CLT program was conducted 60 minutes a day, 5 days a week, over 4 weeks period. As a result of this study, The the trunk and hip joints kinematics during the stance and swing phases of gait were a statistical significance levels were set at p <0.05. The ER and EO muscle activation were significantly improved after intervention (p <0.05). The length of gait line and single support line of change of center of pressure (COP) were significantly increased after intervention (p <0.05). The BBS and TUG were also significantly enhanced after intervention (p <0.05). The results of this study showed that CLT program for the improvement of life care had significant effects on improving postural instability, muscle weakness, reduced balance ability and falling risk of obese elderly women. Therefore, it is recommended to apply CLT program to improve life-care through improving balance ability and preventing fall of obese elderly women.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1337-1345
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• 2009

This study investigated the effect of exercise training and garlic powder ingestion on blood lipids and antioxidants activity in rats. Twenty-eight male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet with or without garlic powder (500 mg/kg) for four weeks as grouped in control (CON), exercise (EXE), garlic (GAR), and garlic + exercise training (GAREXE), respectively. EXE and GAREXE were trained on the treadmill for the same periods. Weight of fats (mesentery, perirenal, and epididymal) were weighed and blood glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) were analyzed and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) for lipid peroxidation were analyzed in liver tissue. Body weight in GAREXE was significantly lower in the statistics than that in other groups (p<0.05), and the volume of fat in GAR and GAREXE was also much lower (p<0.05). Blood glucose was significantly lower in EXE and GAR (p<0.05), however, there was no effect of exercise training. Blood TG was lower in GAR and GAREXE (p<0.05), however, there was no effect of exercise training. HDL-C was significantly improved in EXE and GAR compared to CON (p<0.05), and GAREXE was higher than EXE (p<0.05). MDA content was considerably lower in GAREXE compared to EXE (p<0.05), and SOD activity was much higher in other groups compared to CON (p<0.05). In addition, GAREXE was significantly higher than EXE and GAR, thus there was significant increase when a garlic diet was carried out together with exercise (p<0.05). These results suggested that garlic powder ingestion during the training periods had a beneficial effect of lowering glucose and enhancing blood lipids profiles. Moreover, it also has antioxidant effects, which means that it could possibly suppress aging. It is necessary to inspect various effects of garlic with a variety of research methods regarding sampling process, production process, intake method, etc.