• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Objective : Police officers are exposed to job-related traumatic events and have a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms and dimensions of temperament and character in police officers. Method : Thirty-six police officers participating in a psychological support program were enrolled. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and other self-reported symptoms scales. Results : Among all participants (age $40.8{\pm}10.2$, men 94.4%), the rate of 'post-traumatic stress symptoms group' was 47.2%. After controlling for confounding factors, lower self-directedness scores were significantly associated with higher PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=0.6$, p=0.03) in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion : Character traits, especially self-directedness, were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms severity. These findings may provide useful information regarding personality factors related to PTSD in police officers.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.124-137
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• 1996

As the society becomes more industrialized and modernized, we have more chances to experience a serious traumatic event. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has 3 major categories of symptoms such as memory disturbance, hyperarousal and avoidance or numbness. I reviewed the psychobiological evidences in 3 main categories of symptoms and the biological treatment after a brief review of the epidemiology, psychosocial etiology and diagnosis of PTSD. The memory disturbance of PTSD might be developed by the potentiation of the memory pathway mediated by norepinephrine. PTSD induces HPA axis abnormality, it might also develop hippocampal dysfunction, which might contribute to the memory disturbance. The kindling effect develops desensitization, which might develop reexperiencing of the traumatic events and hyperarousal state. Chronic aroused state of locus ceruleus with resultant chronic maladaptive state of norepinephrine system, might develop hyperarousal state. Social avoidance and physical numbing state in PTSD might be caused by serotnin or opiate system. Stress induced analgesia might be developed by opiate reliesed against the acute stress. The biologic research results would help the selective treatment of PTSD.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aimed to identify intensive care units (ICU) nurses' experience of traumatic events, deliberate rumination, self-disclosure, social support, and post-traumatic growth (PTG), and to explore relationships among the variables. Methods : Participants were 157 nurses who have provided direct patient care for six months or more in ICUs at a university hospital. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way ANOVAs, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions using the SPSS/WIN version 23.0. Results : The PTG was found to be significantly associated with deliberate rumination (r=0.36, p<.001), self-disclosure (r=0.39, p<.001), and social support (r=0.54, p<.001). Factors that affect PTG significantly were found in the order of social support (𝛽=0.40, p<.001), self-disclosure (𝛽=0.25, p<.001), and deliberate rumination (𝛽=0.24, p<.001). The final regression model explained 40.1% of the variance of PTG (F=26.33, p<.001). Conclusion : The influencing factors identified in this study on PTG, including social support, self-disclosure, and deliberate rumination should be included in programs to promote PTG for ICU nurses who may experience traumatic events repeatedly.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.86-97
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to assess exposure to traumatic events, knowledge and attitudes concerning post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the level of resilience among nurses and paramedics working in emergency departments. Methods: Data were collected from May 22 to June 12, 2022, using a self-administered survey questionnaire. The participants comprised 135 nurses and 80 paramedics working in emergency departments. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a t-test, and an analysis of variance with Scheffé's test. Results: Compared with emergency room nurses, paramedics were more positive about the government's spending on job opportunities for people with PTSD. There were no significant differences in attitude regarding government strategies and people with PTSD between nurses and paramedics. Paramedics had higher scores on the effective treatment for PTSD, while emergency room nurses showed higher scores on effective psychotherapy. General knowledge of PTSD differed according to sex (t=-2.33, p=.021) and education level (F=3.21, p=.042). Resilience scores differed significantly according to sex (t=2.02, p=.045), education level (F=4.10, p=.018), self-reported economic state (F=10.34, p<.001), and self-reported health (F=11.57, p<.001). Conclusion: The findings support that emergency department nurses and paramedics are in need of self-care programs to support their mental health and indicate that intervention programs should be developed to enhance resilience in emergency department professionals.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.336-340
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• 2019

Background/Aims: Victim advocates are at risk of developing secondary traumatic stress (STS), which can result from witnessing or listening to accounts of traumatic events. This study investigated the relationship between victim status, years of experience, hours of direct contact with victims, and availability of workplace supports in the development of STS. Results: Of the 142 victim advocates, 134 were women. Regression analyses revealed that the only significant predictor of STS was the number of direct hours of victim services provided. Conclusion: The findings from this study found that women have high rates of STS and that more workplace support needs to be implemented.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.291-299
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• 1995

Lateral giant (LG)-mediated escape response of crayfish is sensitized by natural traumatic events. Such sensitization has previously been shown to be associated with increased transmission between primary afferents and sensory interneurons at the cholinergic synapse of LG escape reflex circuit. In the present study, it was firstly investigated as to whether transmission is also altered at other synapses of the LG-escape reflex circuit by traumatic shock-induced sensitization. Evidence that traumatic shock also directly affects the excitability of lateral giants is now provided by the finding that traumatic shock produces a significant reduction of the time needed for LG to recruit its contralateral homologue, which is defined as commissural delay. Octopamine, a naturally occurring neuromodulator in the crayfish nerve cord, has also been shown to enhance transmission at the cholinergic synapse between primary afferents and sensory interneurons, and has been conjectured to mediate sensitization. Like traumatic shock, $octopamine\;(10^{-5}-5{\times}10^{-4}\;M)$ also enhanced the efficacy of commissural transmission between lateral giants, as indicated by a significant reduction of commissural delay. This effect was blocked by an octopamine antagonist phentolamine, suggesting a specific action of octopamine on the octopamine receptor present on LGs. These observations suggest that both traumatic shocks and octopamine may cause a rather broad alteration in the excitability of the crayfish nervous system that contributes to the sensitization of the LG escape response.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.49-52
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• 2023

Blunt carotid artery injury can lead to impaired brain perfusion due to ischemic stroke and thromboembolic events. To reduce the risk of potential neurological complications, it is critical to determine the diagnosis and management protocol as quickly as possible after a detailed clinical examination. This report presents successful surgical treatment of a young male patient who developed a traumatic left common carotid artery thrombosis after a motor vehicle accident.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.507-517
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• 2016

본 연구는 중년여성을 대상으로 이들이 경험하는 외상사건의 유형과 특성을 살펴보고 이들이 외상 후 성장과 자기실현을 이루는 과정에서 애착이 미치는 영향을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 서울, 경기지역의 중년여성 221명이었고 설문지는 외상경험 질문지, 애착 척도, 외상 후 성장 척도, 자기실현 척도로 구성되었으며, 중년여성의 외상경험 유형과 특성은 빈도분석을 실시하였고, 각 변인들 간의 관계를 분석하기 위해 상관계수와 구조방정식 모형검증을 통해 확인하였다. 주요연구 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 가까운 사람의 상실(사망, 이별, 이혼, 실연, 절교)이 중년여성들에게 일반적이고, 가장 큰 위기 사건으로 보고되었고, 둘째, 애착, 외상 후 성장, 자기실현 간의 관계를 살펴보면, 부 모안정애착, 영적변화는 인간성, 자기수용성의 하위변인을 제외한 모든 하위변인에서 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 구조방정식 모형검증 결과, 애착이 외상 후 성장과 자기실현에 정적인 영향을 미치고, 외상 후 성장이 애착과 자기실현을 매개하는 변인으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.192-200
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• 2024

Purpose: Traumatic peripheral nerve injury (PNI), which occurs in up to 3% of trauma patients, is a devastating condition that often leads to permanent disability. However, knowledge of traumatic PNI is limited. We describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of traumatic PNI in Korea and identify the predictors of traumatic complete PNI. Methods: A list of enlisted soldier patients who were discharged from military service due to PNI over a 10-year period (2012-2021) was obtained, and their medical records were reviewed. Patients were classified according to the causative events (traumatic vs. nontraumatic) and injury severity (complete vs. incomplete). Of traumatic PNIs, we compared the clinical variables between the incomplete and complete PNI groups and identified predictors of complete PNI. Results: Of the 119 young male patients who were discharged from military service due to PNI, 85 (71.4%) were injured by a traumatic event; among them, 22 (25.9%) were assessed as having a complete injury. The most common PNI mechanism (n=49, 57.6%), was adjacent fractures or dislocations. Several injury-related characteristics were significantly associated with complete PNI: laceration or gunshot wound, PNI involving the median nerve, PNI involving multiple individual nerves (multiple PNI), and concomitant muscular or vascular injuries. After adjusting for other possible predictors, multiple PNI was identified as a significant predictor of a complete PNI (odds ratio, 3.583; P=0.017). Conclusions: In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of enlisted Korean soldiers discharged due to traumatic PNI and found that the most common injury mechanism was adjacent fracture or dislocation (57.6%). Patients with multiple PNI had a significantly increased risk of complete injury. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of traumatic PNI, which directly leads to a decline in functioning in patients with trauma.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2018

본 연구는 외상사건에 반복적으로 노출되는 소방공무원들의 외상 후 스트레스가 자살에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 외상 후 스트레스와 자살생각과의 관계에서 인지적 정서조절의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 외상 후 스트레스, 한국판 자살생각, 인지적 정서조절을 측정하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외상 후 스트레스, 적응적 인지적 정서조절, 부적응적 인지적 정서조절은 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 둘째, 외상 후 스트레스와 자살생각과의 관계에서 인지적 정서조절의 조절효과를 알아보기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 적응적 인지적 정서조절은 낮은 외상 후 스트레스 집단에서 조절효과를 가졌고, 부적응적 인지적 정서조절은 높은 외상 후 스트레스 집단에서 조절효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 학문적, 임상적 시사점과 함께 후속 연구의 필요성에 대해 논의하였다.