• 한국해양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1968

An interesting bacterium (#271) was isolated from the abyssal plain of the Sigsbee Deep of the Gulf of Mexico. The organism exhibits marked polymorphism (baciloid, coryneform and myceloid morphologies) in response to certain cultural conditions. the organism has been observed undergoing reproduction by transverse fission, fragmentation and arthrospore production. The presence of arthrospores indicates the bacterium is a member of the genus Arthrobacter; however, computed affinity coefficients do not confirm this genus. Until further studies have been completed on this isolate the authors are reluctant to place it in a generic group.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 강재스트립 보강재에 지지부재가 결속된 형태의 보강재에 대하여 인발시험을 수행하였으며, 인발시험결과와 기존에 제안된 지지저항 평가식에 의한 결과를 비교함으로서 인발변위 50mm일 때의 인발력과 최대 인발력에 의한 지지부재의 지지저항 특성을 평가하였다. 인발변위 50mm일 때의 인발력 적용에 의한 지지저항응력(${\sigma}^{\prime}_b$)은 수직응력 증가에 따라 전면전단파괴에서 펀칭전단파괴로 근접하였으며, 지지부재 개수의 증가에 따라서는 펀칭전단파괴에서 전면전단파괴로 근접하는 것으로 확인되었다. 최대 인발력을 적용한 지지저항응력(${\sigma}^{\prime}_b$) 은 수직응력 조건 및 지지부재 개수와 관계없이 전면전단파괴에 근접하였지만, 보강토옹벽의 허용변위를 고려한다면 설계 적용에는 무리가 있을 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 Prandtl의 소성이론 및 원주공동확장이론에 의한 이론식을 이용한 지지저항 평가는 인발시험결과가 Prandtl의 소성이론을 이용한 예측결과에 보다 가까운 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 Prandtl의 소성이론 및 원주공동확장이론을 이용한 지지저항 평가모델은 전면전단파괴와 펀칭전단파괴모델 사이에 위치하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2013

It is evident that torsional resistance of a reinforced concrete (RC) member is attributed to both concrete and steel reinforcement. However, recent structural design codes neglect the contribution of concrete because of cracking. This paper reports on the results of an experimental and numerical investigation into the torsional capacity of concrete beams reinforced only by longitudinal rebars without transverse reinforcement. The experimental investigation involves six specimens tested under pure torsion. Each specimen was made using a cast-in-place concrete with different amounts of longitudinal reinforcements. To create the torsional moment, an eccentric load was applied at the end of the beam whereas the other end was fixed against twist, vertical, and transverse displacement. The experimental results were also compared with the results obtained from the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS. The outcomes showed a good agreement between experimental and numerical investigation, indicating the capability of numerical analysis in predicting the torsional capacity of RC beams. Both experimental and numerical results showed a considerable torsional post-cracking resistance in high twist angle in test specimen. This post-cracking resistance is neglected in torsional design of RC members. This strength could be considered in the design of RC members subjected to torsion forces, leading to a more economical and precise design.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.295-316
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• 2008

In the present paper a mechanical model to predict the compressive response of high strength short concrete columns with square cross-section confined by transverse steel is presented. The model allows one to estimate the equivalent confinement pressures exercised by transverse steel during the loading process taking into account of the interaction of the stirrups with the inner core both in the plane of the stirrups and in the space between two successive stirrups. The lateral pressure distributions at hoop levels are obtained by using a simple model of elastic beam on elastic medium simulating the interaction between stirrups and concrete core, including yielding of steel stirrups and damage of concrete core by means of the variation in the elastic modulus and in the Poisson's coefficient. Complete stress-strain curves in compression of confined concrete core are obtained considering the variation of the axial forces in the leg of the stirrup during the loading process. The model was compared with some others presented in the literature and it was validated on the basis of the existing experimental data. Finally, it was shown that the model allows one to include the main parameters governing the confinement problems of high strength concrete members such as: - the strength of plain concrete and its brittleness; - the diameter, the pitch and the yielding stress of the stirrups; - the diameter and the yielding stress of longitudinal bars; - the side of the member, etc.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2006년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.269-275
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• 2006

In the design of bridge piers in seismic area, the ductility requirement is one of the most important design criteria. In order to enhance the seismic performance of RC columns, it is necessary to make the ductility of columns larger by covering RC columns with steel tubes or confining RC columns by arranging transverse reinforcement such as hoop ties closely. Concrete encased composite columns can be utilized for bridge piers especially in seismic area. In this paper, finite element analyses are performed to study the nonlinear behavior of concrete encased composite columns with single core steel or multiple steel elements under static and quasi-static loads. The cross-sections of these specimens ate composed of concrete-encased H-shaped structural steel columns and a concrete-encased circular tube with partial in-filled concrete. Test parameters were the amount of the transverse reinforcement, encased steel member, and loading axis. Through the comparison between FE analyses and test results, adequate material models for confined concrete and unconfined concrete ate investigated. After getting the proper analysis models for composite columns, several parameters are considered to suggest design considerations on the details of composite piers.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 비선형 해석을 이용한 강뼈대 구조물의 자동화설계를 수행한다. 기하학적 비선형은 안정함수를 사용하여 고려한다. 보-기둥 부재에 대하여 전단변형 효과를 고려한다. 자동화 설계 기법으로는 직접 탐색법을 사용한다. LRFD의 상관방정식으로 각각의 부재의 상관 계수 값을 계산하여 가장 큰 상관 계수 값을 가지는 부재의 크기를 데이터베이스에서 단계별로 증가시킨다. 목적함수는 강뼈대 구조물의 중량을 사용하며, 계약조건식은 하중-저항능력, 처짐, 층간 수평변위 및 연성도를 고려한다. 2차원과 3차원 2층 강뼈대구조물에 대한 예제 해석을 수행한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.625-638
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• 2017

This paper presents a novel approach that describes the first-order (linear elastic) partial interaction analysis of members formed by multi-components based on the Generalised Beam Theory (GBT). The novelty relies on its ability to accurately model the partial interaction between the different components forming the cross-section in both longitudinal and transverse directions as well as to consider the cross-sectional deformability. The GBT deformations modes, that consist of the conventional, extensional and shear modes, are determined from the dynamic analyses of the cross-section represented by a planar frame. The partial interaction is specified at each connection interface between two adjacent elements by means of a shear deformable spring distributed along the length of the member. The ease of use of the model is outlined by an application performed on a multi-component member subjected to an eccentric load. The values calculated with an ABAQUS finite element model are used to validate the proposed method. The results of the numerical applications outline the influence of specifying different rigidities for the interface shear connection and in using different order of polynomials for the shape functions specified in the finite element cross-section analysis.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2007

A ship is composed of many grillage structures especially the deck which is consists of primary girders, transverse and longitudinal members. Several holes are arranged on these primary members for pipes, vents, etc. which cause stress concentration due to the discontinuity of the member. It is not easy to get the stress values around all these holes because of the huge amount of time necessary for computations. In this paper, a simple method to compute for the stress around the holes is suggested. This method is composed of two steps which are grillage analysis for primary members and detailed stress analysis using the results of the grillage analysis. This method is made for the design of the primary members with openings supporting the deck structure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제83권6호
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• pp.789-798
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• 2022

The stud shear connector is the main force transfer member in the steel-concrete composite member, and the mechanical behavior is very complicated in the concrete. The concrete around the stud is subjected to the pry-out local pressure concentration of the stud, which can easily produce splitting mirco-cracks. In order to solve the problem of pry-out local splitting of stud shear connector, a kind of stud shear connector with constraint measure is proposed in this paper. Through the push-out test, the interface shear behavior of the new stud shear connector between steel and concrete flange plate was studied, and the difference between the new stud shear connector and the traditional stud connector was compared. The results show that the stud shear connector with constraint measure can effectively avoid the adverse effect of local pressure splitting by relying on its own constraint measure. The shear stiffness of the interface between steel and concrete flange plates is greatly improved, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of strong connection coefficient of steel-concrete composite structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2015

프리스트레스 콘크리트 정착부의 설계를 위해 AASHTO 및 PTI에서 관련 설계식을 제안하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 설계식은 구조물의 긴장력이 단순 지압판을 통해 구조 전반으로 전달된다는 가정으로 유도된 것으로 실제 구조물에 적용되는 상용 정착구의 형태와는 차이가 있다. 이 논문에서는 하중전달 시험에 의한 실험적 방법과 3차원 고체요소를 사용한 비선형 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용한 해석적 방법을 통해 정착구의 형상 변수에 따른 정착부의 거동특성 변화에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 하중전달시험 결과에서 얻어진 하중변위 곡선 및 극한하중 값을 해석을 통해 얻은 결과와 비교하여 유한요소모델의 적합성을 확인하였다. 또한 정착구의 리브의 설치위치, 리브의 개수, 리브의 설치길이를 주요 변수로 설정하여 형상변수에 따른 매개변수 연구를 수행하였다.