• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.241-260
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• 1995

Transposons, present in the genomes of all living organisms, are genetic element that can change positions, or transpose, within the genome. Most genomes contain several kinds of transposable elements and the molecular details of the mechanisms by which these transposons move have recently been uncovered in many families of transposable elements. Transposition is brought about by an enzyme known as transposaese encoded by the autonomous transposon itself, but, in the unautonomous transposon lacking the gene encoding the transposase, movement occurs only at the presence of the enzyme encoded by the autonomous one. There are two types of transposition events, conservative and replicative transposition. In the former the transposon moves without replication, both strands of the DNA moving together from one place to the other while in the latter the transposition frequently involves DNA replication, so one copy of transposon remains at its original site as another copy insole to a new site. The insertion of transposon into a gene can prevent it expression whereas excision from the gene may restore the ability of the gene to be expressed. There are marked similarities between transposons and certain viruses having single stranded Plus (+) RNA genomes. Retrotransposons, which differ from the ordinary transposons in that they transpose via an RNA-intermediate, behave much like retroviruses and have a structure of integrated retrovial DNA when they are inserted to a new target site. An insertional mutagenesis called transposon-tagging is now being used in a number of plant species to isolate genes involved in developmental and metabolic processes which have been proven difficult to approach by the traditional methods. Attempts to device a transposon-tagging system based on the maize Ac for use in heterologous species have been made by many research workers.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-138
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• 2012

Purpose: Reconstruction of the cleft earlobe is challenging. Several procedures are available to reconstruct congenital earlobe deformities. However, for large defective type, surgical procedures and designs are complex and tend to leave a visible scar. We present a simple method of reconstruction for defective type congenital cleft earlobe using a one stage technique with infraauricular transposition flap. This allows for easy and accurate size estimation and good aesthetic outcomes. Methods: A 4-year-old male patient has congenital cleft earlobe and antihelical deformity. Otoplasty for antihelical deformity correction and one stage infra-auricular transposition flap for earlobe reconstruction were performed. The flap was designed from the inferoanterior margin of the earlobe. The size of the flap was determined based on the normal side, and the width and length of the flap was 1 cm and 3 cm in size, respectively. An incision was made at the midline of the defective lobule. Further, the elevated flap was inserted. The elevated flap and the incision margins of the lobule were sutured together. Then, the donor site was closed primarily. Results: The volume and shape of the reconstructed earlobe were natural. There was no flap necrosis. The donor site had no morbidities and scar was not easily notable. Conclusion: Infra-auricular transposition flap can be designed easily and offer sufficient volume of earlobe. Furthermore, the scar is inconspicuous. In conclusion, infra-auricular transposition flap can be a good option for reconstructing a large defect type cleft earlobe.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.459-478
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• 2013

Didactic transposition refers to an adaptive treatment of mathematical knowledge into knowledge to be taught. This study intends to investigate how mathematical knowledge was modified in mathematics textbooks and lessons. This study identified examples of didactic transposition in mathematics textbooks and lessons in Korea and those in the U.S., The examples identified were FOIL method, trigonometry using s, c, t in writing style, order of operations(PEMDAS), area of a circle and circumference, order of prefixes in the metric system, trigonometry(SOH, CAH, TOA), operations on integer, and regular polyhedra. These examples were classified into the two categories, one for mnemonics, and one for concreteness and intuitiveness. Then a survey was conducted for in-service teachers in Korea and those in the U.S. to evaluate the appropriateness and the necessity of didactic transposition. Lastly, the potential didactic phenomena, meta-cognitive shift which may occur with these examples were discussed.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.446-449
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• 2008

Purpose: Pilonidal sinus is a frequent disease that occurs mostly in hairy young men, defined as chronic inflammation and infection of the postsacral sinuses. Wide excision of the affected area is the treatment of choice. Many techniques have been described to cover the defect. However none appears to be the ideal procedure to prevent infection, recurrence, and delayed wound healing. We present the results of an alternative technique that we performed by using partial deepithelized gluteal transposition flap for reconstruction of the defect following wide excision. Methods: From October 2004 to September 2007, we performed the partial deepithelized gluteal transposition flap method on 6 patients. We modified the transposition flap techniques by deepithelialising the medial parts of the flap and burying them under the opposing edge of the flap. The results were compared with previous studies and evaluated regarding duration of surgery, size of defect, hospitalization periods, and complications. Results: All the flaps were healed well with no partial or complete loss of the flap. Hospitalization and immobilization periods were acceptably shortened. Recurrence was not seen. The aesthetic outcome was also satisfactory and all patients were satisfied with the results. Conclusion: The main advantage of our techniques is using healthy tissues to obliterate the dead space, to provide an extra-cushion, and to prevent deep dehiscence. We believe that the partial deepithelized gluteal transposition flap is a good alternative method for treatment of pilonidal sinus.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2005

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition operation and the factors that influence the results for cubital tunnel syndrome. Materials and Methods: Seventeen cases of cubital tunnel syndrome were treated by anterior subcutaneous transposition between March 2001 and December 2003. The mean age was 56 years and mean follow up period was 20.4 months. All patients were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative evaluation was done by Dellon's classification and the clinical results were evaluated by Messina’s classification. We analyzed the effect of the operation and the relations between the results and the preoperative factors, for example, duration of symptom, age, cause of illness, present of association with diabetes mellitus or preoperative flexion contracture of the elbow were analyzed. Results: The results according to Messina's classification were 4 cases of excellent, 9 cases of good, 3 cases of fair, and 1 case of poor. The preoperative factors like duration of symptom, age, cause of illness and flexion contracture of the elbow didn't show any statistical difference in the result of operation, but the cases which have diabetes mellitus were unsatisfactory with statistical difference (p=0.018). Conclusion: Anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition is relatively easy and good operative method in cubital tunnel syndrome.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2008

Purpose: Soft tissue defect can occur on the posterior aspect of the elbow after trauma or fracture fixation. To cover the defect and maintain elbow functions, various flap surgeries including latissimus dorsi muscle flap, lateral arm flap and radial forearm flap can be performed. We present the clinical results of transposition lateral arm flap for coverage of the elbow defect and discuss the cause of posterior soft tissue necrosis after fracture fixation. Materials and Methods: Two patients who had posterior soft tissue defect of the elbow after open reduction of the fractures around the elbow were treated with transposition lateral arm flap. The mean size of skin defect was 20 $cm^2$. The flap was elevated with posterior radial collateral artery pedicle and transposed to the defect area. Donor defect was covered with split thickness skin graft. The elbow was immobilized for 1 week in extended position and active range of motion was permitted. Results: All two cases of transposition lateral arm flap survived without marginal necrosis. The average range of motion of the elbow was 10~115 degrees. Mayo elbow performance score was 72 and Korean DASH score was 23. Conclusion: When elbow fractures are fixed with three simultaneous plates and screws, skin necrosis can occur on the posterior aspect of the elbow around olecranon area. If the size of skin defect is relatively small, transposition lateral arm flap is very useful option for orthopaedic surgeons without microsurgical technique.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.11-15
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• 1999

In order to evlauate feasibility of the gene tagging by the maize transposable element Ac in heterologous plant systems, we have investigated physical distances and directions of transposition of the element in Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco cultured cell line BY-2. We prepared a T-DNA construct that carried a non-autonomous derivative of Ac with a site for cleavage by endonuclease I-Scel (designated dAc-I-RS element). Another cleavage site was also introduced into the T-DNA region outside dAc-I-RS. A number of transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated, each of which had a single copy of the T-DNA at a different chromosomal location. To examine the pattern of transposition, three out of these transgenic plants were crossed with the Arabidopsis plant that carried the gene for Ac transposase and progeny in which dAc-I-RS had been transposed were isolated. After digestion of the genomic DNA of these progeny with I-SceI, sizes of segment of DNA were determined byd pulse-field gel electrophoresis. We also performed linkage analysis for the transposed elements and sites of mutations near the elements. Our results with three transgenic lines showed that 50% of all transposition events had occurred within 1,700 kilo-base pairs (kb) on the same chromosome, with 35% within 200 kb, and that the elements transposed in both directions on the chromosome with roughly equal probability. The data thus indicate that the Ac-Ds system is most useful for tagging of genes that are present within 200 kb of the chromosomal site of Ac in Arabidopsis. In addition, determination of the precise localization of the transposed dAc-I-RS element should definitely assist in map-based cloning of genes around insertion sites. In the present paper, we report typical examples of such gene isolation studies.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.67.1-67.11
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• 2020

Background: Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) causes caudalization of the patellar ligament insertion in canine medial patellar luxation, which can lead to increases in patellofemoral contact pressure. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of patellofemoral contact mechanics after craniolateral and caudolateral transposition of tibial tuberosity in normal canine hindlimbs. Methods: Craniolateral and caudolateral transposition of tibial tuberosity was performed in 5 specimens, respectively. The pressure was measured in the specimen before TTT, and then in the same specimen after TTT. In this process, data was obtained in 10 specimens. The measurement results were output as visualization data through the manufacturer's software and numerical data through spreadsheet. Based on these 2 data and the anatomical structure of the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) surface, whole measurement area was analysed by dividing into medial, lateral and central area. Results: In craniolateralization of tibial tuberosity, total, medial, central contact pressure was decreased and lateral contact pressure was not statistically changed lateral contact pressure than normal PFJ. In caudolateralization of tibial tuberosity, total, lateral contact pressure was increased and medial contact pressure was not statistically changed than normal PFJ. Although not statistically significant changed, central contact pressure in caudolateralization of tibial tuberosity was increased in all 5 specimens. Conclusions: These results imply that traditional TTT, prone to caudal shift of patellar tendon, can increase retropatellar pressure may lead to various complications and diseases of the stifle joint.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.603-609
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• 1987

The clinical, investigative, and surgical experiences were reviewed in four patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries who presented to the National Medical Center between August 1983 and August 1985. This condition is very rare congenital anomaly defined as the combination of atrioventricular discordance and transposition of the great arteries. Examples of primitive [single] ventricle inverted [that is, left sided in situs solitus] with outflow chamber were excluded in this paper. According to the sequential arrangement of the hearts there were two cases of [S,L,L] and two cases of [I,D,D]. The surgical approach should be focused on minimizing the risk of heart block and increasing the degree of relief of pulmonary outflow tract obstruction [POTO]. We experienced complete heart block in two cases of [S,L,L] and significant residual POTO in one case of [S,L,L] and one case of [I,D,D] postoperatively. There were one hospital mortality caused by complete heart block and residual POTO and two delayed mortalities caused by congestive heart failure and sepsis respectively.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2004

In this article we study on didactic transposition and enlargement of the Ceva theorem(if three cevians AX, BY, CZ, one through each vertex of a triangle ABC, are concurrent, then $\frac{BX}{XC}\frac{CY}{YA}\frac{AZ}{ZB}$ = 1). We suggest inverse of the Ceva theorem, some different forms of the Ceva theorem(oriented segment form, trigonometric form, vector form), enlarged the Ceva theorem of polygon and tetrahedron, and in detail propose these proofs.