• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1093-1099
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• 2016

Currently, there are 499 metropolitan subway stations in Korea, but there are not many studies on the influence zone of linkage between railway station and public transport. Existing studies have been studied almost in terms of accessibility.. In addition, the existing research on the influence zone of linkage using survey data and statistics, there is a limit to the theoretical basis and analysis techniques. In this paper, we propose a new method to select on the influence zone of linkage, It is a GIS analysis technique using the spatial data of the railway station user as the large data of the traffic card. We applied the GIS analysis technique for select the influence zone of linkage based on the travel time of the network for each public transportation system. As a result, it was confirmed that the influence of the link of 15 minutes on the local bus, 20 minutes on the city bus and 25 minutes on the intercity bus were clearly distinguished according to the difference in network access time.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.387-410
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• 2013

Due to the development of information technology, Convergence and Creative Economy became hot issues. For example, products become more intelligent and services are likely to be connected and integrated around core services or provided as bundle solution. Meanwhile products and services are integrated in the context of mutual supplementation, which leads to Servitization of Products and Productization of Services in many industries. Previous studies have addressed Convergence with different terms and definitions such as Convergent, Multicategory Multifunctional Product, Clouding Service, Bundle and so on from one perspective such as consumers, suppliers or technology according to a wide range of academic approaches. Thus, this study attempted to suggest the most typical convergence products released in the convergence environment and categorize those products. Furthermore, this study has pointed out the problems in the New Product Development Framework discussed in the studies on marketing by taking the situation of the public sector into account and then suggested "New Service Development Framework in the Public Sector" that are different from traditional e-Gov. approach basically and will enable the government to create public information service and provide them to enterprises or citizens. It also emphasized the importance of Business Conceptualization Stage in the framework; argued that there is a necessity of an integrative study from the perspective of technology on the basis of the approach from the perspective of marketing and Policy such as a study of consumer behaviors, design and marketing channel and Policy Integration for the development and dissipation; and furthermore suggested the cases-the development/Diffusion of Transportation Card Service in Seoul and CFC (Call for Collaboration) in Singapore-in order to verify the framework. There is a need to supplement New Service Development Framework so it is able to reflect the distinct characteristics of the public sector from the academic perspective and be used as practical guidelines for SI (System Integration) business to shift into IT Service business. Last but not the least, this study has suggested the limitations and the directions for the future studies.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.49-63
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• 2019

Crowdedness management at subway platforms is essential to improve services, including the prevention of train delays and ensuring passenger safety. Establishing effective crowdedness mitigation measures for platforms requires accurate estimation of the congestion level. There are temporal and spatial constraints since crowdedness on subway platforms is assessed at certain locations every 1-2 years by hand counting. However, smart cards generate real-time big data 24 hours a day and could be used in estimating congestion. This study proposes a model based on data from transit cards to estimate crowdedness dynamically. Crowdedness was defined as demand, which can be translated into passengers dynamically moving along a subway network. The trajectory of an individual passenger can be identified through this model. Passenger flow that concentrates or disperses at a platform is also calculated every minute. Lastly, the platform congestion level is estimated based on effective waiting areas for each platform structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.459-462
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• 2008

By using RFID technology in order to manage public traffic management, RFID system and middleware software with PXA255 ARM chip is developed and is capable of operating the traffic card. The developed RFID system consists of 13.56MHz RFID R/W, wireless LAN (IEEE802.11.a/b), Wibro (IEEE802.16), TFT-LCD to display information, and embedded system to collect a charge information, etc. By applying developed system, basic infra-structure capable of supporting various service of u-Traffic can be effectively applied.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.40
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• pp.87-93
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• 2007

Over the years, Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) has been implemented to manage and operate public transportation system. With the expanding mass spatio-temporal data such as comprehensive spatial information of each individual passenger and public transportation vehicle, it has been required to consolidate and analyze these multiple data sets from various sources. This paper demonstrates how GIS is utilized for the consolidation of massive transit related spatio-temporal information. And it presents effective applications to improve transit planning process and support transit related decision-making activities. GIS based system is used to combine multi-agents' data in the areas of transit operation and individual transit ride and transfer management. Due to the unique comprehensiveness and the level of detail of the data provide by the Seoul Transit system, this GIS based information consolidation is the first in its class. Based on the integrated database, this paper describes the effective and efficient GIS based analysis deployed in a transportation system planning process. The data integration systems and analytic models developed in this paper can be transferred and applied by any municipal governments provided that the appropriate data is available.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.623-634
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• 2013

In this study, we provide empirical evidence of whether a spatial correlation among mode choices at the TAZ(Traffic Analysis Zone) level exists based on transit smart card data observed in Seoul, Korea. The results show that the areas with a higher probability that passengers choose to take a bus are clustered and that those regions have fewer metro stations than bus stations. We also found that the spatial correlation turned out to be statistically meaningful and provided an opportunity for the potential use of the spatial correlation in modeling mode choices. A reliable spatial interaction would constitute valuable information for transportation agencies in terms of their route planning and scheduling based on the transit smart card data.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.52-64
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• 2023

This paper concentrated on estimating the travel time value of individual regional bus passengers in various in-vehicle crowding conditions. In the analysis model, the traffic-selection data of individual transportation passengers based on smart-card data were used. Variables which reflect the level of in-vehicle crowding and the variables of in-vehicle travel time that reflect the level of in-vehicle crowding were included in the model using Box-Cox transformation. The result of this paper indicates that the travel time value experienced by individual users would increase as the in-vehicle crowding level increases. The smart card data used in this paper is considered to have significant implications in terms of conducting more sophisticated and realistic qualitative research to reflect the values of variables for in-vehicle traffic hours and in-vehicle crowding levels, which previously had limitations in observation and quantification. It is expected that the effects of improvement measures for reducing congestion on regional buses can be considered quantitatively by applying the estimation results of crowding multiplier.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.47-57
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• 2013

This study aims at analyzing transportation equity between geographical areas of Gyonggi Province, by taking both the transportation infrastructure and travel behavior into account. Indicators of transportation infrastructure include the indices of road infrastructure, transit infrastructure and regional characteristics. Travel behavior concerns information from bus card data on a survey day. The hot-spot analysis conducted included spatial cluster analysis and global/local regression analyses. The analysis results identified geographical areas of four different classes of transportation equity, from the area with high level infrastructure surrounded by the areas with high level infrastructure (HH) to the area with low level surrounded by the areas with low level (LL). The area of HH type showed big numbers of passengers, trips and transfers, whereas the area of LL type shows big figures of internal trip frequency, travel time, travel distance, travel speed and transit fare. Global regression analysis showed that number of passengers, number of transfers, number of internal trips and mean travel speed are important to the level of transportation infrastructure. GWR with these four significant variables significantly improved the AICs and ANOVA results, which implies that the infrastructure is likely explained by travel characteristics differently between geographical areas in Gyonggi Province.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.437-448
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• 2016

Some previous researches suggested a transit trip destination inference method by constructing trip chains with incomplete(missing destination) smart card dataset obtained on the entry fare control systems. To explore the feasibility of the transit trip destination inference method, the transit trip chains are constructed from the pre-paid smart card tagging data collected in Busan on October 2014 weekdays by tracing the card IDs, tagging times(boarding, alighting, transfer), and the trip linking distances between two consecutive transit trips in a daily sequences. Assuming that most trips in the transit trip chains are linked successively, the individual transit trip destination zones are inferred as the consecutive linking trip's origin zones. Applying the model to the complete trips with observed OD reveals that about 82% of the inferred trip destinations are the same as those of the observed trip destinations and the inference error defined as the difference in distance between the inferred and observed alighting stops is minimized when the trip linking distance is less than or equal to 0.5km. When applying the model to the incomplete trips with missing destinations, the overall destination missing rate decreases from 71.40% to 21.74% and approximately 77% of the destination missing trips are the single transit trips for which the destinations can not be inferable. In addition, the model remarkably reduces the destination missing rate of the multiple incomplete transit trips from 69.56% to 6.27%. Spearman's rank correlation and Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests showed that the ranks for transit trips of each zone are not significantly affected by the inferred trips, but the transit trip distributions only using small complete trips are significantly different from those using complete and inferred trips. Therefore, it is concluded that the model should be applicable to derive a realistic transit trip patterns in cities with the incomplete smart card data.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

As the local bus service diagram after the bus route reform is studied by variable analysis based on traffic card data and income adjustment data, the characteristic of the local bus system is revealed in Busan Metropolitan city. The relationship between traveling length and traveling time is influenced by traveling velocity. In order to keep a headway within 10 minutes, bus service number per minute should be over 0.1013 vehicles. The traveling time of afternoon is generally longer than that of forenoon. Compared with the bus used by a lot people, the deviation of that used by a few people is larger in the all cases of length, headway, time and velocity. According to the analysis of the relationship among card trip number, average income and transfer rate, the relationship between card trip number and average income is expressed as linear function in the general bus and as exponential function in the high-grade & rapid bus. The 1% increase of transfer rate is equal to 6.3 trip/vehicle/day decrease and 4.9 trip/vehicle/day decrease in two bus types respectively. The four effective variables are defined by the discriminant analysis between the profitable routes and the unprofitable; According to discriminant size, bus service number per km, bus via suburb, subway meeting number, bus via university. In order to increase the income when the minibus will be included among public transit transfer system in 2008, it should be necessary to settle the bus network and revitalize the public transit better. In order to decrease the cost, it should be necessary to reorganize the hierarchy between the local bus and the minibus better.