• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2015

In this study, land farming and chemical oxidation of a diesel-contaminated site is compared to evaluate the environmental impact during soil remediation using the Spreadsheet for Environmental Footprint Analysis by U.S. EPA. Each remediation process is divided into four phases, consisting of soil excavation, backfill and transportation (Phase 0), construction of remediation facility (Phase 1), remediation operation (Phase 2), and restoration of site and waste disposal (Phase 3). Environmental footprints, such as material use, energy consumption, air emission, water use and waste generation, are analyzed to find the way to minimize the environmental impact. In material use and waste generation, land farming has more environmental effect than chemical oxidation due to the concrete and backfill material used to construct land farming facility in Phase 1. Also, in energy use, land farming use about six times more energy than chemical oxidation because of cement production and fuel use of heavy machinery, such as backhoe and truck. However, carbon dioxide, commonly considered as important factor of environmental impact due to global warming effect, is emitted more in chemical oxidation because of hydrogen peroxide production. Water use of chemical oxidation is also 2.1 times higher than land farming.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Biogas production and utilization are an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy sectors such as space heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded that is mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content up to more than 95 ~ 97 vol% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Usage of Biogas as a fuel of vehicles have an effect of reducing $CO_2$ emission compared to fossil fuels. Biomethane which is produced by upgrading of biogas is regarded as a good alternative energy and usage of clean energy is encouraged to deal with air pollution and waste management as well as production of clean energy. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuel are newly being launched and Korea government have also announced a plan for investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. In this study, it is aimed to examine the potential feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel. As a results, the status of biomethane, quality standard, quality characteristics, and upgrading technology of biogas were investigated to evaluate of biogas as a vehicle fuel of transportation.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.821-827
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• 2020

In particular, vehicles with internal combustion engines of public transportation such as diesel and CNG buses are in urgent need of measures to reduce emissions as they have a long daily total mileage, long driving hours and a large number of vehicles. In this paper, the fuel consumption rate (km/kWh) was actually measured through road test of electric buses. Based on the measured values, CO₂ emissions from internal combustion engines and electric buses were calculated per bus. In addition to environmental improvement effects such as the expected reduction of carbon dioxide compared to CNG buses when replacing city buses with electric buses, additional effects were analyzed when the replacement of CNG buses is expanded to electric buses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.712-715
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• 2008

The construction wastes rapidly increase because of redevelopment, the development of new urbanization of large-scale land development, the expansion of social infrastructure. As one of the ways to recycle construction waste to be recycled directly. This case, recycling of materials uses up most of recycled aggregate can be secured reliably. As a result, a decrease in the amount of materials brought in or taken out of the site, the cost of transportation, carbon dioxide emission, and traffic can be reduced. Economic, social and environmental effects can be expected. Therefore, this study of the construction waste "Site-Recycling" to enable the construction waste from the occurrence of "site-recycling" that can be processed in batches to apply the "Site-Recycling Simulation Program" is to develop the algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.356-370
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• 2017

The energy savings and $CO_2$ emission reductions obtainable from the situation that the Smart Grid system (SGs) is assumed to be applied in Korea up to 2030 is quantitatively analyzed with many reported data. For calculation, SGs is divided into five sectors such as Smart Transmission and Distribution (ST&D), Smart Consumer (SC), Smart Electricity Service (SES), Smart Renewable Energy (SRE) and Smart Transportation (ST). Total annual energy savings in 2030 is estimated to be approximately 103,121 GWh and this is 13.1% of total electricity consumption outlook. Based on this value, total amount of reducible $CO_2$ emissions is calculated to 55.38 million $tCO_2$, which is 17.6% of total nation's GHG reduction target. Although the contribution of energy saving due to SGs to total electricity consumption increases as years go by, that of $CO_2$ emission reduction gradually decreases. This might be because that coal fired based power generation is planned to be sharply increased and the rate of $CO_2$ emission reduction scheduled by nation is very fast. The contributable portion of five each sector to total $CO_2$ emission reductions in 2030 is estimated to be 44.37% for SC, 29.16% for SRE, 20.12% for SES, 5.11% for ST&D, and 1.24% for ST.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.588-598
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• 2017

Currently, bioethanol, a fuel additive for transportation, is produced mainly by using biomass (first generation) such as corn and sugar canes. First generation biomass can cause various problems in terms of increase in agricultural prices and ethical reasons. To address these problems, a nonedible lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized. Agricultural byproducts such as straw, bagasse, and forest byproducts from the wood processing industry. Therefore, production of wood based bioethanol can be an effective utilization route of second generation biomass, and its raw materials are more abundant than first generation resources. Furthermore, it is possible to secure cheap raw materials. One of the biggest advantages of using biofuels is that it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by minimizing the environmental impact, unlike fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the greenhouse gas reduction effects that can be achieved through the use of Lignocellulosic bioethanol and government policies on renewable energy currently being implemented in ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines). In these four countries, policies and incentives related to biofuels have been developed. It is expected that the reduction ratio of carbon dioxide emission and the mixed biofuel will be gradually increased in the future.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 2018

Almost all countries of the world have recently made great efforts to reduce green-house gases to alleviate the global warming threatening human survival, because a huge amount of carbon dioxide as one of the main green-house gases has been emitted from the combustion processes of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. $CO_2$ capture and storage (CCS) technology is a representative method to diminish the green-house gases, and actively investigated by many countries. This study focuses on the design and construction of a high pressure $CO_2$ injection facility to store it to underground, which is the first $CO_2$ injection in Korea following the steps of the $CO_2$ capture from large $CO_2$ emission sources and transportation to the sea. Injection tests of $CO_2$ on the platform on the sea were carried out in Yeongil Bay of Pohang city in the early 2017. Thus, we were able to perceive the necessary operating conditions of the injection facility, injection characteristic, and knowhow of the injection facility. The results obtained from the injection test shall be utilized for facility upgrades and scale-ups.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2021

PC component allocation and loading plan can contribute to reductions in carbon dioxide emission and energy use of vehicles and total project costs with increased utilization of vehicle loading space. The study derived 18 considerations that PC construction plant managers and site managers take into account when they plan allocation and loading of PC components. Then, IPA (Importance and Performance Analysis) was performed to assess importance and performance of the 18 considerations. Results show that in the PC component allocation planning, considerations regarding the number of vehicles and existence of yard for storing PC components have not been taken into account well by the managers. In the PC component loading planning, PC component loading direction has not been reflected well by the managers although it is considered important by them. Recently, ill-planning issues of PC component transportation, such as inefficient use of vehicle space and loading with low stability, are frequent due to various types of PC components produced. In this context, if the results of this study are reflected in the development of component allocation and loading planning, vehicle management of PC projects would be more efficient, thereby leading to economic project management.