• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2014

Economic growth with rising household income has put more vehicles on the roads worsening traffic congestion, road accidents, and air and noise pollution. This situation is further aggravated by the potential working population who choose to drive to work instead of taking public transportation. Public bus transport (PBT) plays an important role in alleviating these problems. PBT is underutilized in Malaysia, and there is an opportunity to increase ridership without substantial investment. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the factors that influence the use of PBT in Malaysia. The data were collected using structured questionnaires from 400 respondents. The results of the analysis show that the twin factors consisting of perceived satisfaction of and perceived importance by users towards safety and comfort of facilities and services offered by PBT are significantly related to intention to use those services. The satisfaction of availability of season tickets, the importance of reliability of bus schedule and time table, and the importance of ticket pricing are also significant. By providing insights for both public bus operators and the government, this paper contributes to mitigate the underutilization of PBT in Malaysia and the consequences of putting more vehicles on the roads. From the theory perspective, this paper also contributes by extending the theory of reasoned-action to transportation studies.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.159-176
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• 2005

The Purpose of this Article is to analyze the special settlement and electronic settlement system in the international trade. First, Factoring is a fast, easy and flexible way to improve a company's cash flow and generate working capital for the company. Factoring can be short-term or part of an ongoing financing program. New companies can benefit as well, since there is no requirement for a long-term credit history. Second, Forfaiting is a method of trade financing that allows exporters to obtain cash and be free of all risks by selling their medium term receivables on a 'without recourse' basis. Forfaiting can be an alternative to export credit or insurance cover, especially for those transactions in which the export credit agency is not open to a particular country and/or bank. Third, The Bolero System is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Fourth, TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of crdeit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.531-542
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• 2021

The study aims to investigate differences between men and women in influence of various socio-demographic factors on choice of mode of transport. For this purpose, a binary logit model of choice probabilities is implemented on survey data of a developing country city. Results indicate women's choice of travel mode to be more environment-friendly than that of men. Well-educated, working and middle-aged individuals appear to be the most likely to choosing more-polluting modes of transport for frequent travelling purposes. Individuals in the sample who are the least socioeconomically well off are found the most likely to be promising for the environment. The findings of this study suggest the future transportation policies toward development of existing infrastructure of greener modes of transportation in the city such as, public transportation services and pedestrian lanes, so as to manage the rising issues of degrading environmental quality. The study highlights how the consideration and inclusion of socio-demographic factors is crucial for policy recommendation regarding curtailing the environmental damages contributed by transportation sector. Because mobility crucially affects all other indicators of empowerment, and women are the ones using green modes extensively, the city's transportation system should be so developed which gives their safety and security due importance.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.17-34
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the freight transport demand and benefit for the introduction of an automated freight transport system focusing on the Global Industry and Logistics City (GILC) in Busan. In pursuit of this aim, four alternatives were calculated - using the freight volume estimating methods and included, the number of businesses, the number of employees set up, future estimated cargo volume, and switched volume from other transport modes into the GILC. Economic benefits were analyzed against social benefits and costs accordingly. The result of the freight transport demand forecast found, the cargo volume of "Alternative 2-1" to be the most advantageous, applying the number of employee unit method and proportion of employees in Gangseo-gu, Busan. In addition to the conventional analysis of direct benefit items (reduction of transport time, traffic accidents and environmental costs), this study also considered additional benefit items (congestion costs savings, and road maintenance costs in terms of opportunity cost). It also considered advanced value for money research in guidance on rail appraisal of U.K, Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2003 of Germany, and RailDec of the United States. The study aims to further contribute to estimating minimum cargo transport demands and assess the economic feasibility of the introduction of new intermodal automated freight transport systems in the future.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.164-175
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• 2019

Installation of digital tachograph, black box, and ADAS have been enforced to commercial vehicles for preventing violent driving and accidents by the Traffic Safety Act in Korea. Nevertheless, the damage caused by road hazards has increased 1.5 times in 2016 compared to 2013. So, developing new technologies that can identify road hazard using the sensors installed in commercial vehicles are conducting by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. As a part of the technologies, this research analyze the error range of GPS installed in commercial vehicles that vary according to the driving speed. As a result, the average error was 9.72m at the driving speed of 100km/h, and the error was 2.1 times larger than the average error of 4.69m at the driving speed of 40km/h. The event point proper integration/separation range(m) was analyzed to be 20m with a recognition rate of 90% or more at the same point regardless of driving speed. The results of this research can be used as basic data for improving the accuracy of location-based data would be collected using commercial vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.437-438
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.439-440
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.513-514
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.420-421
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Institutes of Information Security and Cryptology Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.232-236
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 WAP 포럼에서 제시하고 있는 무선 인터넷 솔루션인 WAP에서의 보안 메커니즘인 WTLS(Wireless Transport Layer Security), WIM (WAP Identity Module), WMLScript Crypto Library, WPKI(WAP Public Key Infrastructure)에 대해 살펴보고, WAP 게이트웨이를 사용하는 네트워크의 구조적 형태에서 발생되는 종단간 보안 서비스의 문제점에 대해 논의한 후 WAP 환경에서 종단간 보안 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 보안 시스템을 설계 및 구현하고자 한다.