• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2022

African swine fever (ASF) is fatal to domestic pigs and wild boars (Sus scrofa) and affects the domestic pig industry. ASF is transmitted directly through the secretions of infected domestic pigs or wild boars, an essential source of infection in disease transmission. ASFV is also very stable in the environment. Thus, the virus is detected in the surrounding environment where ASF-infected carcasses are found. In this study, ASF infection monitoring was conducted on the swab and whole blood samples from wild animals, various hematopoietic arthropod samples that could access infected wild boar carcasses or habitats to cause maintenance and spread of disease, and soil samples of wild boar habitats. ASF viral DNA detection was confirmed negative in 317 wildlife and environmental samples through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. However, ASF occurs in the wild boars and spreads throughout the Korean peninsula. Therefore, it is necessary to trace the route of ASF virus infection by a continuous vector. Additional monitoring of various samples with potential ASF infection is needed to help the epidemiologic investigation and disease prevention.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.293-296
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• 2004

During the screening of antiviral substances having inhibitory effects on Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection on tobacco plants, we found a bacterial isolate KTB3, and identified it as Acinetobacter sp. which strongly inhibited the infection of TMV When the culture filtrate from KTB3 was applied on the upper surface of the Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves at the same time, or 24 hours before TMV inoculation, almost complete inhibition was achieved. Likewise, 86% inhibition was achieved, when the culture filtrate was applied on the underside of the leaves. In field trials, transmission of TMV from diseased seedlings to healthy ones during transplanting work was reduced by 92%, when the culture filtrate was sprayed onto the tobacco seedlings, cv. NC82, 24 hours before transplanting. No toxic effect was observed on the tobacco plants. Antiviral substance from the culture filtrate was purified by ethanol precipitation, dialysis, DEAE-cellulose, and Sephadex G75 gel column chromatography. The partially purified active material which showed positive color reaction to sugar and protein inhibited TMV infection by 60% at 1 ${\mu}$g/ml.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.519-528
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• 2009

Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the reservoir for future transmission following disease reactivation in adulthood, fuelling future epidemics. Therefore, it is very important to understand the significance, diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculous infection to decrease a future disease burden of tuberculosis. Unfortunately, these concept still have not fully implicated in Korean National Tuberculosis Control Program, it should be engaged and enforced as soon as possible.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.263-274
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• 2022

Lentinula edodes is an important commercial mushroom and there have been several reports of viral infections in L. edodes. Two mycoviruses (LeV-HKB and LeNSRV1) were detected in Sanbaekhyang (NIFoS 2778) and Taehyanggo (NIFoS 4317), the sawdust-cultivated commercial strains. The vertical transmission rates of the viruses were investigated by detecting the viruses in 80 monokaryotic strains derived from basidiospores isolated from the fruiting bodies of each strain. Most of the monokaryotic strains were infected with the virus and the two viruses showed different levels of meiotic stability, with LeV-HKB showing higher meiotic stability than LeNSRV1. Therefore, it seems that the vertical transmission mechanism of mycoviruses is different depending on the virus species. We also examined the mycelial growth rate of the monokaryotic strains and compared the growth rate according to virus infection status. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between viral infection and mycelial growth rate, we found that the average growth rate was reduced by additional virus infection. We expect our data to contribute to a greater understanding of the mechanism of the vertical transmission of mycoviruses, and promoting breeding using virus-free monokaryotic strains.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1755-1760
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of genital high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in male sexual partners of HR-HPV infected women and the concordance of viral types in couples in China, and comprehend the role of men play in HPV transmission to women. Methods/Materials: 94 asymptomatic women and their husbands from rural Chaozhou participated in epidemiologic screening for HPV infection. Cervical cells from females were collected for high risk HPV screening by real time-PCR, and they were positive for at least 1 of 13 HR-HPV subtypes, then these samples were genotyped. Approximately one mouth later, penile epithelial cells from 94 asymptomatic husbands were collected for HPV genotyping. At the same time, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 366 male patients from sexually transmitted disease (STD) outpatient clinic in China for the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men having frequent sex behavior. Penial epithelial cells were collected for HPV 6/11 and HPV 16/18 detection by fluorescent real-time quantified PCR. Results: Among 94 couples, the prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in men whose wife was positive for cervical HR-HPV was 5.32% (5/94). Only 2.63% (2/76) had the same high risk viral type presented by their wife. HPV 16 proved to be the most prevalent viral type in men and in couples. Of 366 male patients from STD outpatient clinic, the prevalence of HPV 16/18 infection in men with or without HPV 6/11 was 6.85% and 8.16%, respectively. The incidence of HPV 16/18 was higher in men aged more than 35 years than the young men (18-35 years). Conclusion: The prevalence of genital HR-HPV infection in male sexual partners of HPV-positive women in China was lower than that expected, and the concordance of high risk viral type between couples was extremely low. These data suggested that infected men consitute an important viral reservoir, contributing to transmission of HR-HPV to women and maintenance of infection, but HR-HPV infection may be less likely to persist in men than in women.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.389-398
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, compliance and affecting factors of the cough etiquette to prevent the respiratory infectious disease transmission. Data were collected 250 self reporting questionnaires above 19 years old adult from Aug. 13th to Sep. 19th 2018. 213 questionnaires were analyzed statistically. In the results, the score was converted in terms of 100 points, knowledge of the cough etiquette was average $70.99{\pm}19.92$ points, compliance was $70.63{\pm}10.25$ points. Knowledge and compliance were statistically positive significant correlation, In the multiple regression analysis, the affecting factors were gender, usually carry a handkerchief, usually carry a portable tissue paper, average number of handwashes per day, know about cough etiquette, knowledge of cough etiquette. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply an educational program that reflects the affecting factors of cough etiquette in this study result. The higher level of cough etiquette performance will help prevent respiratory infection transmission.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.26-30
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• 1991

Continuous epidural analgesia is widely used in pain management. We investigates the incidence of contamination of epidural catheters used in epidural catheters for pain control. The tips of epidural catheters were examined for bacterial growth after use. In culture from 250 patients undergoing continuous epidural catheterization, 33(13.2%) catheters were found to be contaminated: staphylococcus epidermis 66.9%; staphylococcus aureus 12.1%; alpha streptococcus 12.1%; and others 9.1%. One significant epidural infection occured. One of the most common causes of the epidural infection during long time epidural block is the transmission of the microorganism from the contaminated skin to the epidural space along the epidural catheter. To prevent epidural infection, sterilization of the skin around the epidural catheter is essential.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

The tropical tasar silkworms, Antheraea mylitta (D) produce famous silk 'Kosa' in central part of India. Due to outdoor rearing it became susceptible to viral infection including cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV). The common mode of entry of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is per os and cause gresserie disease to the larvae. Histopathological studies elucidated the insect CPV virus produces infective polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs) in the midgut cell cytoplasm of virus infected fifth instar larvae. The PIBs multiply enormously in the cytoplasm without invading the nucleus. Ultrastructural studies confirmed the pathological effects of CPV on in midgut cell cytoplasm. The multiplication of polyhedral inclusion bodies took place into the vacuoles and form virogenic stromata in the cytoplasm of cells. However, the encapsulations of polyhedral inclusion bodies into the polyhedrin protein occurred and polyhedra were released into the lumen. At the late stage of infection, cells showed the regressed cytoplasmic organelles with large vacuoles and elongated mitochondria. Hence, the horizontal transmission of CPV causing the midgut cells disintegration in the tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (D) confirmed during infection.

• Clinical and Molecular Hepatology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.351-357
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• 2018

The advent of novel, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has revolutionized its treatment by producing a sustained virologic response of more than 95% with few side effects and no comorbidities in the general population. Until recently, ideal DAA regimens have not been available to patients with severe renal impairment and end-stage renal disease because there are limited data on the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of treatment in this unique population. In a hemodialysis context, identifying patients in need of treatment and preventing HCV transmission may also be a matter of concern. Recently published studies suggest that a combination of paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir and dasabuvir, elbasvir/grazoprevir, or glecaprevir/pibrentasvir successfully treats HCV infection in chronic kidney disease stage 4 or 5 patients with or without hemodialysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

Current therapies against ulcers caused by H. pylori infection consist of antibiotics, an acid reducer, and some clinical trials underway to develop a H. pylori vaccine. We develop a structured model with age-dependent mortality of peptic ulcers and H. pylori infection. Our main goal is to analyze our structured model mathematically and to compare it to our previously unstructured model to examine the disease transmission dynamics in terms of annual prevalence and annual incidence of the disease.