• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.354-358
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• 2003

For better understanding of functions of the Calcyclin Binding Protein (CacyBP) and exploring its possible roles in neuronal differentiation, the subcellular localization of human CacyBP was examined in retinoic acid(RA)-induced and uninduced neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Immunostaining indicated that CacyBP was present in the cytoplasm of uninduced SH-SY5Y cells, in which the resting $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was relatively lower than that of RA-induced cells. After the RA induction, immunostaining was seen in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In the RA-induced differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, CacyBP was phosphorylated on serine residue(s), while it existed in a dephosphorylated form in normal (uninduced) cells. Thus, the phosphorylation of CacyBP occurs when it is translocated to the nuclear region. The translocation of CacyBP during the RA-induced differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells suggested that this protein might play a role in neuronal differentiation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2013

We represent a pathologically proven case of a four-year-old male patient with renal cell carcinoma associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion, which is rare but more frequent in children or young adults. Computed tomography showed about 2.5 cm size ill-defined mass in the right kidney. The mass was hyperechoic on ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a mass with capsular enhancement and diffusion restriction. We present a case of Xp11.2 renal cell carcinoma and provide review of the literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2009

Toxoplasma gondii provokes rapid and sustained nuclear translocation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) in HeLa cells. We observed activation of STAT6 as early as 2hr after infection with T. gondii by the nuclear translocation of fluorescence expressed from exogenously transfected pDsRed2-STAT6 plasmid and by the detection of phosphotyrosine-STAT6 in Western blot. STAT6 activation occurred only by infection with live tachyzoites but not by co-culture with killed tachyzoites or soluble T. gondii extracts. STAT6 phosphorylation was inhibited by small interfering RNA of STAT6 (siSTAT6). In view of the fact that STAT6 is a central mediator of IL-4 induced gene expression, activation of STAT6 by T. gondii infection resembles that infected host cells has been stimulated by IL-4 treatment. STAT1 was affected to increase the transcription and expression by the treatment of siSTAT6. STAT6 activation was not affected by any excess SOCS's whereas that with IL-4 was inhibited by SOCS-1 and SOCS-3. T. gondii infection induced Eotaxin-3 gene expression which was reduced by $IFN-{\gamma}$. These results demonstrate that T. gondii exploits host STAT6 to take away various harmful reactions by $IFN-{\gamma}$. This shows, for the first time, IL-4-like action by T. gondii infection modulates microbicidal action by $IFN-{\gamma}$ in infected cells.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.216-221
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• 2013

Aromadendrin, a flavonol, has been reported to possess a variety of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-diabetic properties. However, the underlying mechanism by which aromadendrin exerts its biological activity has not been extensively demonstrated. The objective of this study is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of aromadedrin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Aromadendrin significantly suppressed LPS-induced excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and $PGE_2$. In accordance, aromadendrin attenuated LPS-induced overexpression iNOS and COX-2. In addition, aromadendrin significantly suppressed LPS-induced degradation of $I{\kappa}B$, which sequesters NF-${\kappa}B$ in cytoplasm, consequently inhibiting the nuclear translocation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$. To elucidate the underlying signaling mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of aromadendrin, MAPK signaling pathway was examined. Aromadendrin significantly attenuated LPS-induced activation of JNK, but not ERK and p38, in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, the present study clearly demonstrates that aromadendrin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through the suppression of nuclear translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and phosphorylation of JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 1998

It was reported that the etiologies of recurrent spontaneous abortion are immunologic factors, endocrinologic problems, anatomical abnormalities, genetic abnormalities, infection, and unexplained factors. Among those etiologic factors, genetic abnormalities occur in about 5% of the couples who experience recurrent spontaneous abortions, and most common parental chromosomal abnormality contributing to recurrent abortion is balanced translocation. The advent of in vitro fertilization (IVF), the development of skills associated with the handling of human embryo, and an explosion of knowledge in molecular biology have opened the possibility of early diagnosis of genetic disease in preimplantation embryos. Therefore preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is indicated for couples, infertile or not, at risk of transmitting a genetic disease. A case of successful pregnancy and term delivery by PGD using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique in patient with recurrent spontaneous abortion due to balanced translocation is presented with brief review of literatures.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

The native form of serpin (serine protease inhibitor) is kinetically trapped in metastable state. Metastability in these proteins is critical to their biological function. Serpins inhibit target proteases by forming a stable covalent complex in which the cleaved reactive site loop of the serpin is inserted into $\beta$-sheet A of the serpin with concomitant translocation of the protease to the opposite of the initial binding site. Despite recent determination of the crystal structures of a Michaelis protease-serpin complex as well as a stable covalent complex, details on the kinetic mechanism remain unsolved. In this study we constructed several $\alpha$$_1$-antitrypsin variants and examined their kinetic mechanism of loop translocation and formation of protease-serpin complex by stopped-flow experiments of fluorescence resonance energy transfer as well as quenched-flow experiment. We report here the relationship of serpin's conformational switch mechanism with Inhibitory activity. There is little direct correlation between loop insertion rate and inhibitory activity. Rather, disrupting a salt bridge between R196 and E354 accelerates loop translocation even though it impairs the inhibitory activity. Moreover, the serpin's reactive site loop is translocated, at least partially, prior to loop cleavage.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2014

We examined whether silibinin and resveratrol affect airway mucin production, degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ in NCI-H292 cells. Cells were pretreated with each agent for 30 min and then stimulated with TNF-${\alpha}$ for 24 h or the indicated periods. The two compounds suppressed TNF-${\alpha}$-induced airway mucin production, degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ and translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ p65. This result suggests that silibinin and resveratrol can regulate the production of mucin induced by TNF-${\alpha}$ through the inactivation of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in airway epithelial cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.562-574
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• 2018

The tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) protein is a retinoidinducible growth regulator and is considered a tumor suppressor. Here, we show that DnaJ heat shock protein family member C8 (DNAJC8) is a TIG1 target that regulates glycolysis. Ectopic DNAJC8 expression induced the translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) into the nucleus, subsequently inducing glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression to promote glucose uptake. Silencing either DNAJC8 or PKM2 alleviated the upregulation of GLUT1 expression and glucose uptake induced by ectopic DNAJC8 expression. TIG1 interacted with DNAJC8 in the cytosol, and this interaction completely blocked DNAJC8-mediated PKM2 translocation and inhibited glucose uptake. Furthermore, increased glycose uptake was observed in cells in which TIG1 was silenced. In conclusion, TIG1 acts as a pivotal repressor of DNAJC8 to enhance glucose uptake by partially regulating PKM2 translocation.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-98
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• 2016

We report the prenatal diagnosis of an unbalanced translocation between chromosome Y and chromosome 15 in a female fetus. Cytogenetic analysis of parental chromosomes revealed that the mother had a normal 46,XX karyotype, whereas the father exhibited a 46,XY,der(15)t(Y;15) karyotype. We performed cytogenetic analysis of the father's family as a result of the father and confirmed the same karyotype in his mother and brother. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative fluorescent-polymerase chain reaction analysis identified the breakpoint and demonstrated the absence of the SRY gene in female members. Thus, the proband inherited this translocation from the father and grandmother. This makes the prediction of the fetal phenotype possible through assessing the grandmother. Therefore, we suggest that conventional cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic methods, in combination with family history, provide informative results for prenatal diagnosis and prenatal genetic counseling.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.199-210
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• 1997

A study has been carried out to elucidate the cytogenetic characteristics of Down's syndrome in Korea. This study includes 877 cases which were diagnosed as Down's syndrome by the chromosomal analyses at the Cytogenetic Laboratory, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul National University for 13 years from January, 1984 to December, 1996. 1. 83.6% of cases were diagnosed under 1 year of age and 10.9% were between 1 and 4 years old. The overall sex ratio was 3 to 2 (male to female). 2. The most frequent indication for cytogenetic analyses was suspicion of Down's syndrome. The next were growth retardation, congenital heart diseases, congenital anomalies. 3. 88.4% of cases had free trisomy 21. In 6.5%, there was translocation, mostly Robertsonian t(14;21) or t(21;21). 3.9% of cases were mosaics mostly with one normal cell line. 4. Karyotyping was also performed in 204 parents of patients. 6 parents (2.9%) were seen to be translocation carriers of Down's syndrome. We find the unique features of Down's syndrome in Korea that the incidences of free trisomy 21 is relatively lower and that translocation is higher than western countries.