• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-$\beta$ family, including TGF-$\beta$, bone morphorgenic protein (BMP), and activn, plays an important role in essential cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, tissue remodeling, angiognesis, immune responses, and cell adhesions. TGF-$\beta$ predominantly transmits the signals through serine/threonine receptor kinases and cytoplasmic proteins called Smads. Since the discovery of TGF-$\beta$ in the early 1980s, the dysregulation of TGF-$\beta$/Smad signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human diseases. Among signal transducers in TGF-$\beta$/Smad signaling, inhibitory Smads (I-Smads), Smad6 and Smad7, act as major negative regulators forming autoinhibitory feedback loops and mediate the cross-talking with other signaling pathways. Expressions of I-Smads are mainly regulated on the transcriptional levels and post-translational protein degradations and their intracellular levels are tightly controlled to maintain the homeostatic balances. However, abnormal levels of I-Smads in the pathological conditions elicit the altered TGF-$\beta$ signaling in cells, eventually causing TGF-$\beta$-related human diseases. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanisms about the regulations of I-Smads may provide the therapeutic clues for human diseases induced by the abnormal TGF-$\beta$ signaling.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.10 no.4_5
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• pp.313-329
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• 2012

A challenging issue in design and implementation of an effective structural health monitoring (SHM) system is to determine where a number of sensors are properly installed. In this paper, research on the optimal sensor placement (OSP) is carried out on the Canton Tower (formerly named Guangzhou New Television Tower) of 610 m high. To avoid the intensive computationally-demanding problem caused by tens of thousands of degrees of freedom (DOFs) involved in the dynamic analysis, the three dimension finite element (FE) model of the Canton Tower is first simplified to a system with less DOFs. Considering that the sensors can be physically arranged only in the translational DOFs of the structure, but not in the rotational DOFs, a new method of taking the horizontal DOF as the master DOF and rotational DOF as the slave DOF, and reducing the slave DOF by model reduction is proposed. The reduced model is obtained by IIRS method and compared with the models reduced by Guyan, Kuhar, and IRS methods. Finally, the OSP of the Canton Tower is obtained by a kind of dual-structure coding based generalized genetic algorithm (GGA).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2575-2580
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• 2015

Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and rapidly accumulating high impact research is deepening our understanding related to the mechanisms underlying cancer development, progression and resistance to therapeutics. Increasingly it is being realized that genetic/epigenetic mutations, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, overexpression of oncogenes, deregulation of intracellular signaling cascades and loss of apoptosis are some of the extensively studied aspects. Confluence of information suggested that rapidly developing resistance to therapeutics is adding another layer of complexity and overwhelmingly increasing preclinical studies are identifying different natural agents with efficacy and minimal off-target effects. We partition this multi-component review into citrus fruits and their bioactive ingredients mediating rebalancing of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins to induce apoptosis in resistant cancer cells. We also discuss how oncogenic protein networks are targeted in cancer cells and how these findings may be verified in preclinical studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6485-6488
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• 2014

Research over the years has progressively and sequentially provided near complete resolution of regulators of the DNA repair pathways which are so important for cancer prevention. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM), a high-molecular-weight PI3K-family kinase has emerged as a master regulator of DNA damage signaling and extensive cross-talk between ATM and downstream proteins forms an interlaced signaling network. There is rapidly growing scientific evidence emphasizing newly emerging paradigms in ATM biology. In this review, we provide latest information regarding how oxidative stress induced activation of ATM can be utilized as a therapeutic target in different cancer cell lines and in xenografted mice. Moreover, crosstalk between autophagy and ATM is also discussed with focus on how autophagy inhibition induces apoptosis in cancer cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4739-4743
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• 2014

Nanotechnology is an emerging field with many promising applications in drug delivery systems. Because of outstanding developments in this field, rapidly increasing research is directed to the development of nanocarriers that may enhance the availability of drugs to the target sites. Substantial fraction of information has been added into the existing scientific literature focusing on the fact that nanoparticles usually generate reactive oxygen species to a greater extent than micro-sized particles. It is worth mentioning that oxidative stress regulates an array of cell signaling cascades that resulted in cancer cell damage. Accumulating experimental evidence over the years has shown that wide-ranging biological mechanisms are triggered by these NPs in cultured cells due to the unique properties of engineered nanoparticles. In this review, we have attempted to provide an overview of the signaling cascades that are activated by oxidative stress in cancer cells in response to different kinds of nanomaterials, including quantum dots, metallic and polymeric nanoparticles.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.2120-2125
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• 2005

The principal idea of vibration isolation is to filter out the response of the system over the corner frequency. The isolation objectives are to transmit the attitude control torque within the bandwidth of the attitude control system and to filter all the high frequency components coming from vibration equipment above the bandwidth. However, when a reaction wheels or control momentum gyros control spacecraft attitude, vibration inevitably occurs and degrades the performance of sensitive devices. Therefore, vibration should be controlled or isolated for missions such as Earth observing, broadcasting and telecommunication between antenna and ground stations. For space applications, technicians designing controller have to consider a periodic vibration and disturbance to ensure system performance and robustness completing various missions. In general, past research isolating vibration commonly used 6 degree order freedom isolators such as Stewart and Mallock platforms. In this study, the vibration isolation device has 3 degree order freedom, one translational and two rotational motions. The origin of the coordinate is located at the center-of-gravity of the upper plane. In this paper, adaptive notch filter finds the disturbance frequency and the reference signal in filtered-x least mean square is generated by the notch frequency. The design parameters of the notch filter are updated continuously using recursive least square algorithm. Therefore, the adaptive filtered-x least mean square algorithm is applied to the vibration suppressing experiment without reference sensor. This paper shows the experimental results of an active vibration control using an adaptive filtered-x least mean squares algorithm.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8067-8073
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• 2016

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key players in gene expression that govern cell developmental processes, and thus contributing to diseases, especially cancers. Many studies have suggested that aberrant expression of lncRNAs is responsible for drug resistance, a substantial obstacle for cancer therapy. Drug resistance not only results from individual variations in patients, but also from genetic and epigenetic differences in tumors. It is reported that drug resistance is tightly modulated by lncRNAs which change the stability and translation of mRNAs encoding factors involved in cell survival, proliferation, and drug metabolism. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on lncRNAs associated with drug resistance and underlying molecular or cellular mechanisms, which may contribute helpful approaches for the development of new therapeutic strategies to overcome treatment failure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.126-129
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• 2015

Essure (Bayer) received approval from the U.S. Food and Drugs Administration as a permanent non-hormonal contraceptive implant in November 2002. While the use of Essure in the management of hydrosalpinx prior to in vitro fertilization (IVF) remains off-label, it has been used specifically for this purpose since at least 2007. Although most published reports on Essure placement before IVF have been reassuring, clinical experience remains limited, and no randomized studies have demonstrated the safety or efficacy of Essure in this context. In fact, no published guidelines deal with patient selection or counseling regarding the Essure procedure specifically in the context of IVF. Although Essure is an irreversible birth control option, some patients request the surgical removal of the implants for various reasons. While these patients could eventually undergo hysterectomy, at present no standardized technique exists for simple Essure removal with conservation of the uterus. This article emphasizes new aspects of the Essure procedure, as we describe the first known association between the placement of Essure implants and the subsequent development of fluid within the uterine cavity, which resolved after the surgical removal of both devices.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

Objectives To make comprehensive feature of clinical trials using herbal medicine and their results by today, then help a strategy for herbal medication-derived clinical studies in the future. Methods Through medical website (Pubmed EBSCO Medline), foreign clinical literatures about atopic dermatitis and herbal medicine were searched. And domestic clinical literatures about atopic dermatitis using internet website (OASIS) and hand-searching. Analysis was performed according to distribution mainly by subject, study design, number by year and its efficacy. Results and Conclusions Seventy-nine (Domestic literatures: Fifty, Foreign literatures: Twenty-nine) literatures were selected according to inclusion criteria of clinical study. 80% of domestic clinical literatures were observational studies, 50% of foreign were intervention. There were six adverse effect case studies, two follow-ups, one case report, four translational and four uncontrolled clinical trials in foreign literatures. And nineteen case reports, eighteen case series, two follow-up and five uncontrolled clinical studies in domestic. Six RCTs have established by four external herb therapy and two decoctions in Korea, showed positive effects. Three out of four external applications RCTs, four out of seven decoctions showed positive results in foreign studies. This study revealed the current status of atopic dermatitis clinical research using herbal drugs. To put clinical trials to use of herbal medicine in the treatment atopic dermatitis, scientific and objective-based studies should be needed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.15 no.3 s.96
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• pp.280-289
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• 2005

A single degree of freedom system and transmissibility are key concepts in many problems of vibration isolation. In order to apply this approach, however, several assumptions must be satisfied, which are often not realistic. For examples, in practical systems, vibration transmissions at multi-point with multi-degree of freedom(translational and rotational DOF) take place and mobilities or impedances of receiver structures cannot be ignored any more especially over high frequency range. Therefore, a multi-dimensional treatment is required for accurate estimation of dynamic behavior of the system. In this paper, an approach using vibrational power flow is introduced to deal with analysis of multi-dimensional vibration isolation system in a more practical way and in aspects of vibration isolations and vibration path analysis. Procedures of this approach and some results of research for vibrational power path analysis with rotational terms included are presented. Difficulties in this method are also discussed.