• 영어영문학
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.217-235
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• 2011

On recognizing the significance of Walter Benjamin's "The Task of a Translator" in recent discourses of postcolonial cultural translation, this essay examines the creative postcolonialist appropriations of Benjamin's theory of translation and their political implications. In an effort to dismantle the imperialist political hierarchy between the West and the non-West, modernity and its "primitive" others, which has been the operative premise of the traditional translation studies and anthropology, newly emergent discourses of cultural translation actively adopts Benjamin's notion of translation that does not prioritize the original text's claim on authenticity. Benjamin theorizes each text-translation as well as the original-as an incomplete representation of the pure language. Eschewing formalistic views propounded by deconstructionist critics like Paul de Man, who tend to regard Benjamin's notion of the untranslatable purely in terms of the failure inherent in the language system per se, such postcolonialist critics as Tejaswini Niranjana, Rey Chow, and Homi Bhabha, each in his/her unique way, recuperate the significatory potential of historicity embedded in Benjamin's text. Their further appropriation of the concept of the "untranslatable" depends on a radically political turn that, instead of focusing on the failure of translation, salvages historical as well as cultural potentiality that lies between disparate cultural entities, signifying differences, or disjunctures, that do not easily render themselves to existing systems of representation. It may therefore be concluded that postcolonial discourses on cultural translation of Niranhana, Chow, and Bhabha, inspired by Benjamin, each translate the latter's theory into highly politicized understandings of translation, and this leads to an extensive rethinking of the act of translation itself to include all forms of cultural exchange and communicative activities between cultures. The disjunctures between these discourses and Benjamin's text, in that sense, enable them to form a sort of theoretical constellation, which aspires to an impossible yet necessary utopian ideal of critical thinking.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.313-326
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• 2020

Deep Learning is the most important key to the development of Artificial Intelligence (AI). There are several distinguishable architectures of neural networks such as MLP, CNN, and RNN. Among them, we try to understand one of the main architectures called Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that differs from other networks in handling sequential data, including time series and texts. As one of the main tasks recently in Natural Language Processing (NLP), we consider Neural Machine Translation (NMT) using RNNs. We also summarize fundamental structures of the recurrent networks, and some topics of representing natural words to reasonable numeric vectors. We organize topics to understand estimation procedures from representing input source sequences to predict target translated sequences. In addition, we apply multiple translation models with Gated Recurrent Unites (GRUs) in Keras on English-Korean sentences that contain about 26,000 pairwise sequences in total from two different corpora, colloquialism and news. We verified some crucial factors that influence the quality of training. We found that loss decreases with more recurrent dimensions and using bidirectional RNN in the encoder when dealing with short sequences. We also computed BLEU scores which are the main measures of the translation performance, and compared them with the score from Google Translate using the same test sentences. We sum up some difficulties when training a proper translation model as well as dealing with Korean language. The use of Keras in Python for overall tasks from processing raw texts to evaluating the translation model also allows us to include some useful functions and vocabulary libraries as well.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(3)
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• pp.203-206
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• 2001

In the EKMT system, the part of Korea generation makes Korea sentence by using information obtained in the part of transfer. In the case of Korea generation, the conventional EKMT system don't arrange hierarchical word order and performs word order in the only modifier word. This paper proposes Korean adverb odering rule in English-Korean Machine Translation system which generates Korean sentence.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2005

The market is opening to the whole world and there is no exception to medical service. Therefore, doctors should prepare themselves to cope with the opening market. I prepared scripts for the conversations between doctors and patient at the clinical situations. Also, English and Chinese translations are provided for future use.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2004

This paper proposes a statistical model for the translation of prepositions in English-Korean machine translation. In the proposed model, statistical information acquired from unlabeled Korean corpora is used to choose the best translation from several possible translations. Such information includes functional word-verb co-occurrence information, functional word-verb distance information, and noun-postposition co-occurrence information. The model was evaluated with 443 sentences, each of which has a prepositional phrase, and we attained 71.3% accuracy.

• 인지과학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

교차언어 정보검색은 다국어 정보검색의 일부분으로 질의어에서 사용하는 언어와 검색대상인 문서의 언어가 서로 다른 경우의 정보검색을 의미한다. 교차언어 정보검색의 성능 향상을 위해서는 양질의 언어자원이 대량으로 필요한 경우가 많기 때문에 이를 해결하기 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 사전에 기반한 대역어 후보 선정 시, 가중치를 부여해 질의어를 변환하는 방식을 제안한다. 가중치 계산에 이용되는 의미거리는 영어 명사와 한국어 명사를 같은 벡터 공간에 표현하고, 두 벡터간의 관계를 이용해 거리를 계산한다. 서로 다른 두 언어의 명사를 한 공간에 표현하기 위해 "공통 기반축"의 개념을 제시하고, 구축 방법을 제안한다. 고급 자원인 온톨로지를 확보하지 않고, 제안하는 방법으로 우수한 정보검색 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 것을 실험을 통해 보여준다.을 통해 보여준다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.183-192
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• 2022

The role that English currently plays is undeniable. It has become the most common means of communication among native speakers of several languages around the world. English penetrates into all areas of people's daily lives. In the field of Information Technology (IT), English has taken a dominant position, as many of the terms used on a daily basis are written in English. The purpose of the article is to analyze the linguistic features of anglicisms in the field of Information Technology. Methods. The research is based on systematic and comparative analysis, dialectical method, as well as methods of classification and generalization. Results. This study presents the results of compiling a multilingual glossary with anglicisms used in the GitHub and 3D Slicer fields. Despite the limited number of terms included in the glossary, the article provides a lot of evidence for the influence of the English language in the areas of Information Technology, GitHub and 3D Slicer under consideration. The types of anglicisms used in the 3D Slicer area seem to be more diverse than in the GitHub area. This study found that five European languages use language strategies to solve any communication problem. The multilingual glossary showed that in some cases there is a coexistence between Anglicism and the native term. In other cases, the English term is the only one used in different languages. There are cases when only the native language is used. Conclusions. This study is a useful tool that helps to improve the efficiency of communication between engineers and technicians who speak different native languages. The ultimate goal of this research will be to create a multilingual glossary that is still under development and is likely to cover other IT areas such as Python and VTK.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.85-95
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• 2022

This study analyzed the translation error factors of machine translation services such as Naver Papago and Google Translate through Self-Attention path visualization. Self-Attention is a key method of the Transformer and BERT NLP models and recently widely used in machine translation. We propose a method to explain translation error factors of machine translation algorithms by comparison the Self-Attention paths between ST(source text) and ST'(transformed ST) of which meaning is not changed, but the translation output is more accurate. Through this method, it is possible to gain explainability to analyze a machine translation algorithm's inside process, which is invisible like a black box. In our experiment, it was possible to explore the factors that caused translation errors by analyzing the difference in key word's attention path. The study used the XLM-RoBERTa multilingual NLP model provided by exBERT for Self-Attention visualization, and it was applied to two examples of Korean-Chinese and Korean-English translations.

• 영어영문학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.107-128
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• 2009

Literature had been at center-stage in the traditional grammar-translation-focused English classrooms up to the mid-twentieth century. As the Audiolingual Method and the Communicative Language Teaching have gained popularity in the English classrooms, however, literature has receded into the background of English education. The main reasons for using literary texts in the English classrooms for communication-focused English instruction need to be examined. First of all, students can come in touch with the subtle and varied uses of language through literature-based teaching. They also feel close to certain characters in the literary work and share the emotional reponses with them. They get personally involved in the plot of the story. Universal human experience and cultural enrichment are two other merits which can be conferred on students by literary texts. Such linguistic and literary experiences can be significantly integrated into the literature-based instruction. More significantly, the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) can be combined with one another and integrated into a literature-focused curriculum for English education. The value of literary texts in the English classrooms can be clearly demonstrated by effective ways of using such texts as Charlotte's Web for integrated instruction. The full array of benefits that literature can bring to English instruction, however, has yet to be fully realized. These potentials need to be materialized into classroom practice.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2021

기계번역기는 1950년대 처음 등장하였고 2010년대 신경망번역시스템을 적용하면서 번역정확성에 비약적인 발전을 하였다. 하지만 아직도 복잡한 문장의 번역에는 어려움을 겪고 있으며 이것은 영어학습 도구로서 기계번역기를 이용하는데 불편함을 주었다. 따라서 본 연구는 고등학교 1학년 수준의 문장들 중 다양한 뜻과 품사를 가지고 있는 as가 포함된 문장들을 분석대상으로 기계번역기를 이용한 역번역실험을 통해서 영어학습 도구로서 기계번역기의 가용성을 분석했다. 분석도구로는 신경망번역시스템을 이용한 대표적인 기계번역기인 구글 번역기, 네이버 파파고, 마이크로소프트 번역기를 이용하였다. 연구결과 기계번역기 사용시 각 as용법에 따라서 가용성이 유의하게 다른 것을 확인하였고 그에 따라 각 문장에 쓰인 as용법을 기계번역기를 사용하여 학습할 시 가용성이 높은 용법, 보통인 용법, 낮은 용법으로 분류하였다. 선행연구와는 다르게 직접 학습도구로서 기계번역기를 분석했고 접속사 as의 용법의 가용성을 수치화 시킨 데 있어서 본 연구는 연구적 공헌점을 가진다.