• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1542-1549
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• 2011

The Transitional zone between bridge abutment and earthwork is one of the representative vulnerable zones in railway where differential settlements may take place due to the different supportive stiffness. Although transitional zones are managed with stricter standards than those of the other earthwork zones either in the design and construction stages, it is very difficult to prevent differential settlement perfectly. A three-dimensional numerical analyses were performed by applying train moving load in this study. The analytical model including abutments and earthwork zones was constituted with rail, sleepers, track concrete layer (TCL), hydraulic stabilized base (HSB), reinforced road bed, and road bed using railway and road base structure. The clamp connecting the rail and sleeper were also modeled as the element with spring coefficient. The train wheel is modeled in the actual size and moved on the rail with 300 km/hr speed. The deformation characteristics at each point of the rail and the ground were considered in detail when moving the train wheel. The analysis results were compared with those from the two-dimensional analysis without considering moving load. The research results show that displacement and stress were greater in the three-dimensional analysis than in other analyses, and the three-dimensional analysis with moving load should be performed to evaluate railway performance.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey Navajo's textiles of the transitional period(1868-1890) and to examine appearance background of those textiles. The two study questions were central to the project. 1) What were characteristics of eye-dazzler and pictorial in the transitional period? 2) How developed was the American trader's role? To perform the purpose, literatures on this subject were surveyed, investigation of textiles in Arizona State Museum and Historical Museum of Arizona were accomplished. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eye-dazzler is called because of their small, serrate triangle and diamond patterns in intense, contrasting colors. Eye-dazzler mostly used Germantown yam and wedge-weave technique. Germantown was a plied yam colored with synthetic dyes. Wedge-weave technique used optical illusions and an undulating technique to create an effect of motion and rhythmic symmetry. 2. The Americans began to intern Navajos at Bosque Redondo, New Mexico in 1863. During their stay at Bosque Redondo, the Navajo came into greater contact with Rio Grande blankets. The influence of designs of these becomes increasingly important in the eye-dazzler. 3. Pictorial materials included rich new sources the railroad provided and living environment of animals, plants, hogans, neighbors, deities that interested the Navajo. Also, sandpainting textiles were a pictorial. Three types of textiles utilized: yei, yeibichai, and sandpainting tapestry. 4. The arrival of the railroad caused many changes for the lives and textiles of the Navajos. The railroad brought a new client into the Navajo, and the Navajos attempted new textiles with design-inspiring fresh materials to adjust taste of the eastern purchasers.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.205-208
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• 2017

Study purposes were to evaluate ultrasonographic characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and quantitate bladder tumor size in dogs. Heterogeneous mass, wall involvement, and broad-based attachment were significantly associated with TCC, but not prominently the trigone region. Mass size evaluation revealed a significant correlation between progressive disease (PD) in TCC patients with piroxicam therapy. Largest diameter of target lesion/body weight (cm/kg) ratio showed a high mean value in PD. A value > 0.3 was associated with PD with 83% sensitivity and 66% specificity. The results suggest that ultrasonography can provide evidence for diagnosing and predicting a prognosis for TCC.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.822-833
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• 2000

This experimental study concerns the characteristics of a transitional flow in a concentric annulus with a diameter ratio of 0.52, whose outer cylinder is stationary and inner one rotating. The pressure drops and skin-friction coefficients have been measured for the fully developed flow of water and that of glycerine-water solution (44%) at a inner cylinder rotational speed of $0{\sim}600$ rpm, respectively. The transitional flow has been examined by the measurement of pressure drops and the visualization of flow field, to reveal the relation of the Reynolds and Rossby numbers with the skin-friction coefficients and to understand the flow instability mechanism. The present results show that the skin-friction coefficients have the significant relation with the Rossby numbers, only for laminar regime. The occurrence of transition has been checked by the gradient changes of pressure drops and skin-friction coefficients with respect to the Reynolds numbers. The increasing rate of skin-friction coefficient due to the rotation is uniform for laminar flow regime, whereas it is suddenly reduced for transitional flow regime and, then, it is gradually declined for turbulent flow regime. Consequently, the critical (axial-flow) Reynolds number decreases as the rotational speed increases. Thus, the rotation of inner cylinder promotes the early occurrence of transition due to the excitation of taylor vortices.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.645-652
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• 2001

Heat transfer data are presented which describe characteristics of the transitional thermal boundary layers on the NACA0012 airfoil with upstream wakes. The wakes are generated periodically by circular cylindrical rods which rotate around the airfoil like a squirrel cage. The unsteady wakes simulate those produced by the upstream rotating blade rows in axial turbomachines. The pressure or suction side of the airfoil is also simulated according to the rotating direction of circular rods. As the Reynolds number and the number of rotating rods increase, the boundary layer transition occurs earlier and the Nusselt number increases. The difference of heat transfer coefficient is less on the pressure side than on the suction side. At a constant Reynolds number, the Nusselt number is larger and smaller, respectively, before and after transition as the Strouhal number increases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.5069-5074
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between methylation status of the Dact1 gene and MTHFR a1298c polymorphic forms in transitional cell carcinoma tissues in a Chinese population. Methods: Polymorphisms of folate metabolism enzyme gene MTHFR were assessed by restrictive fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods and PCR-based DNA methylation analysis was used to determine the CpG island methylation status of the Dact1 gene. Associations between the methylation status of the Dact1 gene and clinical characteristics, as well as MTHFR a1298c polymorphisms, were analyzed. Results: aberrant methylation of the Dact1 gene was found in 68.3% of cancer tissues and 12.4% of normal tissues,. The methylation rate of the Dact1 gene in cancer tissues was significantly higher in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without lymph node metastasis (46.3% vs. 17.2%, P = 0.018). No association was found between aberrant DNA methylation and selected factors including sex, age, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption and green tea consumption. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, variant allele of MTHFR a1298c was found to be associated with methylation of the Dact1 gene. Compared with wild type CC, the odds ratio was 4.33 (95% CI: 1.06-10.59) for AC and 4.95 (95% CI: 1.18-12.74) for AA. The N stage in TNM staging and the occurrence of lymph node metastasis were associated with an MTHFR 1298 AA+AC genotype (P<0.05). Conclusion: MTHFR 1298 AC and AA genotypes might help maintain a normal methylation status of the Dact1 gene, aberrant CpG island methylation of which is closely related to the genesis and progression of transitional cell carcinoma.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2016

A 7-year-old female Pointer dog with multiple masses in the axilla, mammary gland, and bladder was submitted to the Pathology Department of the College of Veterinary Medicine in the Jeju National University. Grossly, mass between right axilla and 1st mammary gland, $15{\times}10cm$ in size, was well delineated and firm, slightly soft center, oval shape. And masses in right 1st, 3rd and 5th mammary gland were well delineated and sulphur yellow in color on the cut-surface. Numerous round to oval shaped masses, 0.3 to 2 cm in diameter were existed in the lung. Urinary bladder mucosa had rough and thick and round to oval papillary masses, 0.1 to 2 cm in diameter, on surface. Microscopically, masses in right axilla, 1st mammary gland, lung and axillary lymph node were composed of poorly differentiated tubules originated from apocrine gland. Lining neoplastic epithelium showed high mitotic figures, typical apical secretory blebs, and PAS-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules. Masses in 3rd and 5th mammary gland were confirmed as mammary complex adenoma and simple adenoma respectively. The masses in the urinary bladder were covered with stratified transitional epithelium with marked cellular atypia and high mitotic figures. Some neoplastic cells showed focal invasion into substantia propria of bladder. Immunohistochemaically, neoplastic transitional epithelium demonstrated positive reactions for cytokeratin 7, AE1/AE3, and MNF116. Based on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as apocrine carcinoma, mammary gland tumor including simple adenoma and complex adenoma and bladder transitional cell carcinoma. And distant metastases of apocrine carcinoma in right axilla were observed in axillary lymph node and lungs. This is the first report for concurrent occurrence of apocrine carcinoma, mammary gland tumor, and transitional cell carcinoma in a same dog.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.93-115
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• 2007

기업의 이윤창출 전략은 기업의 지리적 활동 및 사업 범위와 관련된 국가의 체제 및 경제발전 전략에 따라 차별적으로 나타나기 때문에 공간적 맥락과 제품 특성에 따라 기업의 차별적 이윤 창출이 수반된다. 이와 마찬가지로 한국 투자기업들의 이윤창출 전략은 전환경제의 발전경로, 제도적 환경 변화, 투자기업의 생산 제품 특성에 따라 지리적 차별성을 수반하고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구는 한국 대 베트남 섬유 의류 직접투자 기업의 가치사슬 및 네트워크 유형과 특성 분석을 통하여 베트남 체제전환 과정에 나타난 제도적 역동성에 따른 해외직접투자 기업 네트워크의 정체성을 분석하고자 한다. 분석 결과, 한국 대 베트남 섬유 의류 투자기업의 가치사슬 유형은 세계 섬유 의류 상품 사슬 상에 전형적으로 나타나는 구매자 주도형 가치사슬 거버넌스가 지배적이지만, 베트남 사회주의 체제의 유산인 관료 중심주의에 조응하기 위해 형성된 호혜적 관계는 베트남 사회주의 체제의 유산이 암묵적으로 제도화 되어 있음을 의미하고, 한국 투자기업 네트워크는 이러한 암묵적 제도화에 의도적이지 않게 착근되어 있는 특징을 보이고 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2015

이 연구에서는 열차가 교량 접속부를 통과하면서 발생되는 동적상호작용 문제를 유한요소해석프로그램을 이용하여 검토하였다. 해석대상구간에서의 궤도틀림조건은 부등침하량을 삼각함수를 이용하여 이상화하고, 철도공사 선로 보수기준을 만족하는 최대 궤도틀림 한계치를 해석조건으로 설정하였다. 해석대상이 되는 접속부 구조물의 체결장치 아래 부분은 모두 3차원 입체요소로 모형화하였으며, 해석비용을 줄이기 위하여 1/2 궤도부분만을 모형화하였다. 경계조건은 평면변형률상태에 준하는 것으로 차량-궤도 동적상호작용해석을 수행하였다. 국내 콘크리트궤도용 표준 접속부에서의 궤도틀림에 따른 열차 주행시 동적상호작용해석을 수행하여 윤중감소율과 차체수직진동가속도를 살펴보았으며, 접속부의 시멘트 안정처리골재, 일반골재, 일반토사구간에서의 발생된 최대 Mises응력으로 동적거동을 평가하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.4539-4543
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• 2013

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most predominant type of urinary bladder tumor. As cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is recently introduced as an attractive target molecule in bladder TCC, we evaluated the immunohistochemical expression of this marker and its association with several clinicopathological characteristics. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Pathology department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2006-2011. Ninety-two paraffin embedded blocks were selected from patients with urinary bladder TCC who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection (TUR). Then, we assessed COX-2 expression by immunohistochemical staining using antibody against COX-2. Staining in more than 5% of tumor cells was considered as positive expression. Results: COX-2 was expressed in 50 % of our patients. This marker was markedly expressed in high grade bladder TCC (62.1%) versus other grades and there was statistically a significant difference in COX-2 expression between various grades (p=0.008). In addition, patients' age, lymphatic and perineurial invasion were associated with the expression of COX-2 (p=0.001, 0.015 and 0.039, respectively). However, other parameters such as stage, tumor size, venous invasion and lymph node metastasis did not show any significant relationship with this marker (all, p>0.05). Conclusions: COX-2 was expressed in urinary bladder TCC especially in high grade forms, advocating its probable role in the differentiation of this tumor. Accordingly, COX-2 could be a valuable biological target molecule in the evaluation and treatment of patients with bladder TCC.