• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
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• pp.1011-1014
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• 1999

An on-board monitoring system for an automobile emission gas has a test chamber remote from the automobile's engine exhaust gas stream: apparatus for supplying the chamber with sampled exhaust gases. A single hydrocarbon sensor exposed to the exhaust gas in the chamber to render a signal responsive to the hydrocarbon. The conductive ions in emission gas was checked by the HC sensor in test chamber. A preferred application includes hydrocarbons in an automotive exhaust gas stream by exposing a transition porous alumina($Al_{2}O_{3}$) ceramic based sensor to the same exhaust gas stream. By combining the electrical signal, a measure of hydrocarbons can be provided.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.392-397
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• 2001

A numerical study is performed to investigate the interaction between subsonic axial turbine blade boundary layer and periodically oncoming rotor induced wakes. An implicit scheme for solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equation is developed, which adopts a 4th-order compact difference for spatial discretiztion, a 2nd order Crank-Nicolson scheme for temporal discretization and the dynamic eddy viscosity model as the subgrid scale model. The efficiency and the accuracy of the proposed method are verified by applying to some benchmark problems such as laminar cylinder flow, laminar airfoil cascade flow and a transitional flat plate boundary layer flow. Computational results show good agreements with previous experimental and numerical results. Finally, flow through a stator cascade is simulated at $Re = 7.5{\times}10^5$ without free-stream turbulence intensity. The velocity fields and skin friction coefficients in the transitional region show similar trends with previous boundary layer natural transition.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.811-816
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• 2000

It has been long suspected that the transition region may give rise to local pressure fluctuations and radiated sound that are different from those created by the fully-developed turbulent boundary layer at equivalent Reynolds number. Experimental investigation described in this paper concerns the characteristics of pressure fluctuations at the transition. Flush-mounted microphones and hot wires are used to measure the pressure fluctuations and local flow velocities within the boudary layer in the low noise wind tunnel. From this experimental we could observe the spatial and temporal development process of T-S wave using Wigner-Ville method and found the possibility of relation between the characteristic frequency of T-S wave and free stream velocity and the boundary layer thickness based on nondimensional pressure spectra scaled on outer variables.

• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2004

A response of a swept wing boundary layer to a single free-stream stationary axial vortex of a limited spanwise extent is considered as an example of typical problems that one can find in laminar-turbulent transition research and control. The response is dominated by streamwise velocity perturbations that grow quasi-exponentially downstream. It is shown that the formation of the boundary layer disturbance occurs for the most part close to the leading edge. The disturbance represents itself a wave packet consisted of the waves with characteristics specific for cross-flow instability. However, an admixture of growing disturbances whose origin can be attributed to transient effects and to a distributed receptivity mechanism is also identified.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2000

MPEG 형식의 비디오 데이타의 사용이 점차 늘어남에 따라, 이런 데이타를 자유롭게 편집할 수 있는 편집기의 필요성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나 MPEG 데이타는 연속된 프레임들의 차이만을 저장하는 방법을 사용하기 때문에 두 개의 MPEG 데이타를 전환 효과를 주어서 편집을 하기 위해서는 압축을 해제한 후 효과를 주고 다시 압축하여야 하는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 이런 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 MPEG 형식으로 압축된 두 비디오 데이타에 대하여 부분적으로 압축을 해제한 상태에서 여러 종류의 장면 전환 효과(페이드 인 및 페이드 아웃, 디절브)를 적용할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법에서는 MPEG형식 비디오 데이타의 I와 P프레임에 대하여서는 압축을 부분적으로 해제하는 전환 효과를 주는 기존의 방법을 응용하여 적용하였으며, B 프레임의 경우에는 참조 프레임에 대한 움직임 벡터를 기초로 구해진 움직임 보상 근사값을 이용하여 DCT 영역에서 장면 전환 효과를 주는 방법을 새로이 제안하였다. 이런 압축 영역에서의 장면 변화 적용 방법을 사용함으로써 압축을 해제하여 효과를 주는 것 보다 전환되는 프레임들의 화질을 유지하면서 3-4배 정도 빠르게 편집할 수 있다. 이러한 방법을 MPEG 비디오 편집기 시스템에 적용하게 된다면, 소프트웨어만을 이용한 저가의 데스크 탑 환경에서도 효율적인 비디오 편집 작업이 가능하게 될 것이다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2023

The primary goal of this research is to investigate flow separation phenomena using various turbulence models. Also investigated are the effects of free-stream turbulence intensity on the flow over a NACA 0018 airfoil. The flow field around a NACA 0018 airfoil has been numerically simulated using RANS at Reynolds numbers ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 and angles of attack (AoA) ranging from 0° to 18° with various inflow conditions. A parametric study is conducted over a range of chord Reynolds numbers for free-stream turbulence intensities from 0.1 % to 0.5 % to understand the effects of each parameter on the suction side laminar separation bubble. The results showed that increasing the free-stream turbulence intensity reduces the length of the separation bubble formed over the suction side of the airfoil, as well as the flow prediction accuracy of each model. These models were used to compare the modeling accuracy and processing time improvements. The K- SST performs well in this simulation for estimating lift coefficients, with only small deviations at larger angles of attack. However, a stall was not predicted by the transition k-kl-omega. When predicting the location of flow reattachment over the airfoil, the transition k-kl-omega model also made some over-predictions. The Cp plots showed that the model generated results more in line with the experimental findings.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

산성광산배수에서 흰색 알루미늄 침전물은 pH가 상대적으로 높은 하천수와 만나 섞일 때 주로 발생한다. 이 침전물을 구성하는 광물은 산성광산배수 내 중금속 등을 흡착 공침하여 이들 중금속의 거동을 조절하는 중요한 역할을 한다. 이러한 흰색 침전물을 구성하고 있는 광물들은 추후 상변화를 거치며 그러한 과정 중에 중금속의 용해 재흡착 등이 일어날 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 흰색 침전물의 상전이 과정에 대한 기본적인 정보를 얻기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 도계광업소 주변의 하천에서 채취한 흰색 침전물을 대상으로 서로 다른 pH와 온도의 조건에서 시간이 지남에 따라 일어나는 광물상의 변화를 살펴보았다. 흰색 침전물은 주로 basaluminite와 비정질 $Al(OH)_3$ 및 미량의 $Al_{13}$-tridecamer의 혼합물로 구성되며, basaluminite의 부조화용해가 먼저 일어나 비정질 $Al(OH)_3$의 함량이 증가한 이후, pseudoboehmite의 전구물질 단계를 거쳐서 pseudoboehmite가 최종 침전되는 상전이 과정을 거친다. $80^{\circ}C$의 온도에서는 이러한 일련의 과정이 잘 나타났지만, 비교적 낮은 온도에서는 basaluminite와 비정질 $Al(OH)_3$가 공존하는 초기 침전물 상태로 남아있었다. 그리고 높은 pH는 basaluminite의 $SO{_4}^{2-}$기의 탈착을 유도하여 pseudoboehmite 전구물질로의 상전이를 촉진하였다. 시간이 지남에 따라 광물의 용해 및 상전이에 의하여 용액의 pH는 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 최종산물인 pseudoboehmite가 형성되어도 약간의 입자의 크기 증가만 관찰되고 완전한 결정질의 형태는 보이지 않았다.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2015

A numerical simulation for a nonslender BWB UCAV configuration with a rounded leading edge and span of 1.0 m was performed to analyze its aerodynamic characteristics. Numerical results were compared with experimental data obtained at a free stream velocity of 50 m/s and at angles of attack from -4 to $26^{\circ}$. The Reynolds number, based on the mean chord length, is $1.25{\times}106$. 3D multi-block hexahedral grids are used to guarantee good grid quality and to efficiently resolve the boundary layer. Menter's shear stress transport model and two transition models (${\gamma}-Re_{\theta}$ model and ${\gamma}$ model) were used to assess the effect of the laminar/turbulent transition on the flow characteristics. Aerodynamic coefficients, such as drag, lift, and the pitching moment, were compared with experimental data. Drag and lift coefficients of the UCAV were predicted well while the pitching moment coefficient was underpredicted at high angles of attack and influenced strongly by the selected turbulent models. After assessing the pressure distribution, skin friction lines and velocity field around UCAV configuration, it was found that the transition effect should be considered in the prediction of aerodynamic characteristics of vortical flow fields.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.217-220
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• 2008

Rare-earth iron oxide $ErFe_2O_4$의 다결정체 시료의 자기적 특성을 연구하였다. 단일상의 다결정체 $ErFe_2O_4$ 시료를 CO/$CO_2$ gas 분위기에서 고체상태반응법으로 합성하였다. X-ray diffraction 측정을 통해 $ErFe_2O_4$ 시료는 space group R3m Rhombohedral 구조를 가지며, 온도에 의존하는 magnetization 측정을 통해 250 K에서는 자기적 전이가, 220 K에서는 구조적 전이가 일어나는 2단계 상전이 현상을 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Throughout much of the world, many ecological problems have arisen in watersheds where a significant portion of stream flows are diverted to support agriculture production. Within endorheic watersheds (watersheds whose terminus is a terminal lake) these problems are magnified due to the cumulative effect that reduced stream flows have on the condition of the lake at the stream's terminus. Within an endorheic watershed, any diversion of stream flows will cause an imbalance in the terminal lake's water balance, causing the lake to transition to a new equilibrium level that has a smaller volume and surface area. However, the total mass of Total Dissolved Solids within the lake will continue to grow; resulting in a significant increase in the lake's TDS concentration over time. The ecological consequences of increased TDS concentrations can be as limited as the intermittent disruption of productive fisheries, or as drastic as a complete collapse of a lake's ecosystem. A watershed where increasing TDS concentrations have reached critical levels is the Walker Lake watershed, located on the eastern slope of the central Sierra Nevada range in Nevada, USA. The watershed has an area of 10,400 sq. km, with average annual headwater flows and stream flow diversions of 376 million $m^3/yr$ and 370 million $m^3/yr$, respectively. These diversions have resulted in the volume of Walker Lake decreasing from 11.1 billion m3 in 1882 to less than 2.0 billion $m^3$ at the present time. The resulting rise in TDS concentration has been from 2,560 mg/l in 1882 to nearly 15,000 mg/l at the current time. Changes in water management practices over the last century, as well as climate change, have contributed to this problem in varying degrees. These changes include the construction of reservoirs in the 1920s, the pumpage of shallow groundwater for irrigation in the 1960s and the implementation of high efficiency agricultural practices in the 1980s. This paper will examine the impacts that each of these actions, along with changes in the region's climate, has had on stream flow in the Walker River, and ultimately the TDS concentration in Walker Lake.