• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제28권12A호
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• pp.983-990
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 3GPP 모뎀용 비동기식 동기추적회로(noncoherent code tracking loop)를 설계하고 설계된 회로의 정상상태 지터 분산(steady-state jitter variance)과 과도응답 특성(transient response characterisitc)을 해석한다. 먼저, AWGN 환경에서의 지터 분산을 펄스성형 필터(pulse-shaping filter), 타이밍 오프셋(timing offset), 신호 대잡음비(signal-to-interference ratio), 루우프 대역폭(loop bandwidth)에 대한 일반식으로 유도하고, 과도응답 특성을 이론적으로 해석한다. 이를 바탕으로, 디지털 하드웨어 구현이 용이한 가변 대역폭 동기추적회로를 설계하며 설계된 회로와 고정 대역폭 시스템의 성능을 이론적으로 비교, 분석하고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증한다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권9호
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• pp.1159-1164
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• 2018

Vacuum circuit breakers(VCB) are widely used for current interruption of high-voltage inductive loads such as induction motors. This VCB can be chopped off before the current zero due to its high arc-extinguishing capability. One of the outstanding features of VCB is that it can cut off high frequency re-ignition current more than other circuit breakers. If the transient recovery voltage generated in the arc extinguishing is higher than the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker, a re-ignition phenomenon occurs. The surge voltage of the re-ignition is very high in magnitude and the steepness of the waveform is so severe that it can act as a high electrical stress on the winding. If the high frequency current of one phase affects the other two phases when the re-ignition occurs, it may cause a high surge voltage due to the virtual current chopping. If the magnitude of the voltage allowed in the motor winding is high or the waveform level is too severe, it may lead to insulation breakdown. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the voltage to within a certain range. In this study, we briefly explain the various phenomena at the time of interruption, analyzed the magnitude of the dielectric strength and the transient recovery voltage at the simultaneous three-phase interruption that can give the greatest influence to the inductive load, proposed a method to reduce the impact.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.422-432
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• 2001

An analytical characterization is presented on the transient heat transfer by an oscillating flow through a porous slab. Based on a two-equation model, analytic solutions are obtained for both the fluid and solid temperature variations. Two parameters are identified as the Stanton number for the internal heat exchange and the ratio of the thermal capacities between the solid and fluid phases. The heat transfer characteristics are shown to be classified into four regimes according to the two parameters and physical interpretation is presented on the particular heat transfer processes within each regime. In addition, the condition for the local thermal equilibrium between the phases is examined and the relevant criterion is suggested.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2018

This paper shows the principles and characteristics of the transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding technology for power modules packaging. The power module is semiconductor parts that change and manage power entering electronic devices, and demand is increasing due to the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. Higher operation temperatures and increasing current density are important for the performance of power modules. Conventional power modules using Si chip have reached the limit of theoretical performance development. In addition, their efficiency is reduced at high temperature because of the low properties of Si. Therefore, Si is changed to silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). Various methods of bonding have been studied, like Ag sintering and Sn-Au solder, to keep up with the development of chips, one of which is TLP bonding. TLP bonding has the advantages in price and junction temperature over other technologies. In this paper, TLP bonding using various materials and methods is introduced. In addition, new TLP technologies that are combined with other technologies such as metal powder mixing and ultrasonic technology are also reviewed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.1213-1224
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• 2024

The liquid lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor has been in a single-phase, low-pressure, and high-temperature state for a long time during operation. Considering the requirement of calculation efficiency for long-term transient accident calculation, based on a homogeneous hydrodynamic model, one-dimensional heat conduction model, coolant flow and heat transfer model, neutron kinetics model, coolant and material properties model, this study used the fully implicit difference scheme algorithm of the convection-diffusion term to solve the basic conservation equation, to develop the transient analysis program NUSOL-LMR 2.0 for the lead-bismuth fast reactor system. The steady-state and typical design basis accidents (including reactivity introduction, loss of flow caused by main pump idling, excessive cooling, and plant power outage accidents) for the ABR have been analyzed. The results are compared with the international system analysis software ATHENA. The results indicate that the developed program can stably, accurately, and efficiently predict the transient accident response and safety characteristics of the lead-bismuth fast reactor system.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권12호
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• pp.4335-4349
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• 2023

Nuclear marine propulsion has been emerging as a next generation carbon-free power source, for which proper passive residual heat removal systems (PRHRSs) are needed for long-term safety. In particular, the characteristics of unlimited operation time and compact design are crucial in maritime applications due to the difficulties of safety aids and limited space. Accordingly, a compact and long-term-operable PRHRS has been proposed with the key design concept of using both air cooling and seawater cooling in tandem. To confirm its feasibility, this study conducted system design and a transient analysis in an accident scenario. Design results indicate that seawater cooling can considerably reduce the overall system size, and thus the compact and long-term-operable PRHRS can be realized. Regarding the transient analysis, the Multi-dimensional Analysis of Reactor Safety (MARS-KS) code was used to analyze the system behavior under a station blackout condition. Results show that the proposed design can satisfy the design requirements with a sufficient margin: the coolant temperature reached the safe shutdown condition within 36 h, and the maximum cooling rate did not exceed 40 ℃/h. Lastly, it was assessed that both air cooling and seawater cooling are necessary for achieving long-term operation and compact design.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2019

최근, 도서지역의 신재생에너지전원 및 ESS의 도입이 확대되면서, 이산화탄소 배출의 저감을 위하여, 디젤발전기 대신 CVCF 인버터가 주 전원인 Micro-grid를 안정적으로 운용하는 방안들이 연구되고 있다. 그러나, CVCF 인버터 기반의 Micro-grid에서는 전체 부하보다 신재생에너지전원의 출력이 큰 경우에 에너지 Sinking(과도상태) 현상이 발생하게 된다. 이 때, CVCF 인버터용 배터리의 SOC 상태에 따라, 배터리 전압이 급격히 상승하여, 인버터의 과전압 보호동작에 의해 CVCF 인버터가 탈락되어 Micro-grid 전체 계통에 정전을 유발할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 CVCF 인버터를 기반으로 한 도서지역용 Micro-grid의 안정적인 운용을 위하여, 에너지 Sinking이 발생한 경우의 운용특성을 분석하고, CVCF 인버터가 에너지 Sinking 시에 탈락되는 것을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 Micro-grid의 과도상태 운용전략을 제안한다. 또한, CVCF 인버터, 태양광전원, 수용가부하로 구성된 30kW급 Micro-grid 시험장치를 구현하여, 실 계통에서의 에너지 Sinking에 의한 CVCF 인버터 기반 Micro-grid의 과도상태 시 운용특성을 제시한다. 한편, 30kW급 시험장치와 제안한 운용전략을 바탕으로 Micro-grid의 과도상태 운용특성을 분석한 결과, CVCF 인버터용 배터리의 전압과 SOC에 따라 인버터가 탈락하는 과도상태를 사전에 방지할 수 있어, 본 논문의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.734-749
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• 1998

A numerical study t predict the characteristics on transient operation of the heat pipe cooling system with multiple heaters for electronic system has been performed. The heat pipe cooling system of 45 cm length and 16 mm diameter was composed of evaporator section with four heaters which simulate electronic components, insulated transport section, and condenser section with a conductor which was cooled under the constant heat flux boundary condition. Two test cases were investigated in present study; Case 1 indicated that the 1st and 2nd heaters among four heaters were heated off, while the 3rd and the 4th heaters were heated on. Case 2 was the inverse situation switched from heating locations of Case 1. Case 3 indicated that the 1st and 4th heaters among four heaters were heated off, while the 2nd and 3rd heaters were heated on. The results showed that the transient time to reach the steady state is shorter for Case 1 than for Case 2. Especially, the maximum temperature among the heaters which simulate electronic components during switching operation is relatively small compared to the maximum allowable operating temperature in electronic system. It is concluded that the heat pipe cooling system in present study operate with the good thermal reliability even for sudden switching situation of the heaters.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2011

명시적 유한요소법은 비선형성이 많은 대형 문제를 푸는 데는 꼭 필요하지만 종종 그 결과의 해석에 있어서는 어려움이 수반된다. 특별한 경우, 가속도의 과도응답은 극심한 불연속, 과도한 노이즈 또는 앨리어싱이 발생하여 평가가 불가능할 때도 있다. 본 논문에서는 유한요소법의 명시적분에 의한 과도응답 및 응답스펙트럼의 새로운 후처리기법을 제안한다. 해석기에 의한 가속도 거동의 수치적인 에러를 제거하고 물리적인 가속도를 추출하기 위하여 가우스커널을 이용하는 평활화법을 제안하였다. 이 평활화는 신호처리 필터링 기법과 같이 복잡한 주파수에 대한 고려가 없이도 속도에 대한 결과와 응답스펙트럼을 참조함으로써 행해진다. 특히 가우스커널 평활화는 가속도의 피크 값을 잘 나타내면서도 평활도가 우수하였다. 제안된 평활화법에 의하여 부드러운 가속도는 물론 이를 이용하여 설계에서 필요한 층 응답스펙트럼을 구할 수 있다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 Co-Rotational plane beam transient analysis EDISON program(CR-보)를 이용한 에어포일 단면형상 변화에 따른 진동특성 연구를 수행하였다. Co-Rotational 평면 보 해석은 대 회전과 작은 변형률을 갖는 보 해석에 적합하다. 항공기의 날개를 외팔보로 가정하여, VABS를 통한 단면해석과 Fourier 변환을 통해 각 단면형상 변화에 따른 에어포일의 고유진동수를 비교하였다. VABS를 사용하여 단면의 형상과 재료의 적층 정보를 고려한 단면에서의 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 에어포일의 재질, spar 유무, 단일 등방성 재료 복합재료, 에어포일 최대두께의 변화에 따라 에어포일의 끝단 진폭과 고유진동수가 변화함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 에어포일 고유진동수 변화는 2차 관성모멘트/단면적, 밀도, 영률의 변화에 상당한 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다.