• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1997

외래 저항성 유전자, Proteinase inhibitor II가 형질전환된 3계통의 벨기에 포플러를 대상으로 딱정벌레에 대한 유전자 발현정도가 기내에서 조사되었다. 포플러 계통은 선발 유전자로서 Nos-promoter와 Neomycin phosphotransferase gene에 의하여 조절되고 곤충에 대한 저항성 유전자로서 CaMV-35S와 Pin2(Proteinase inhibitor II)에 의한 형질전환체이다. 특히, 형질전환된 포플러의 내충성 저항력을 조기검정하기 위하여, 조직배양을 응용한 새로운 방법으로서 곤충의 알을 표면 살균하여 기내의 조직배양묘와 배양하는 동시배양 방법이 이용되었다. 형질전환된 포플러의 저항성은 기내에서 유충에 의해 섭취된 잎면적, 잎 섭취에 의한 유충의 무게 증감, 유충의 성장단계 등에 의하여 조사되었다. 특히, 잎면적은 각각의 LPI(Leaf plastochron index)별로 측정되었고, 잎면적, 유충의 무게, 곤충의 성장 속도는 형질전환체와 비형질전환체 간에 큰 차이를 보였다. 기내에서 무병상태로 배양된 알들이 부화된 후, 유충의 잎 섭취도는 LPI 4와 5사이에서 가장 높았다. 본 실험의 기내 배양법은 외래유전자를 삽입한 이후에 곧바로 발현을 빠른 시간내에 조기검정 할 수 있는 새로운 방법의 개발이라 할 수 있다.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2011

Non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) is a popular vegetable in Asian countries. The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), an insect with worldwide distribution, is a main pest of Brassicaceae crops and causes enormous crop losses. Transfer of the anti-insect gene into the plant genome by transgenic technology and subsequent breeding of insect-resistant varieties will be an effective approach to reducing the damage caused by this pest. We have produced transgenic non-heading Chinese cabbage plants expressing the potato proteinase inhibitor II gene (pinII) and tested the pest resistance of these transgenic plants. Non-heading Chinese cabbages grown for 45 days on which buds had formed were used as experimental materials for Agrobacterium-mediated vacuum infiltration transformation. Forty-one resistant plants were selected from 1166 g of seed harvested from the infiltrated plants based on the resistance of the young seedlings to the herbicide Basta. The transgenic traits were further confirmed by the Chlorophenol red test, PCR, and genomic Southern blotting. The results showed that the bar and pinII genes were co-integrated into the resistant plant genome. A bioassay of insect resistance in the second generation of individual lines of the transgenic plants showed that DBM larvae fed on transgenic leaves were severely stunted and had a higher mortality than those fed on the wild-type leaves.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.323-330
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• 2006

We investigated the impact of watermelon grafted onto Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus (CGMMV)-resistant transgenic watermelon rootstock on insects as non-target organisms in a greenhouse in 2005. We quantitatively collected insect assemblages living on leaves and flowers, and we used sticky traps to collect alate insects. We compared the patterns of insect assemblages and community composition, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) on watermelon leaves and western flower thrip (Frankliniella occidentalis Trybom) on watermelon male flowers, between CGMMV-resistant transgenic watermelon (TR) and non-transgenic watermelon (nTR). Non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination verified that insect assemblages on leaves and sticky traps were different between TR and nTR (P<0.05). The insect assemblages on male flowers were not statistically significant. Multi-response permutation procedures proofed our results from NMS results (P>0.05). Conclusively, TR watermelons appear to have some adverse effects on the population of cotton aphids on leaves and sticky traps, but watermelon male flowers do not show an adverse effect. Further research is required to assess the effect of TR on the aphid and western flower thrip. Life table experiments might support the specific reason for the adverse effects from leaf assemblages. Assessment of non-target impacts is an essential part of the risk assessment of non-target insects for the impact of transgenic organisms.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2013

The nutritional composition of transgenic rice (Agb0101) with bar and modified cry1Ac1 genes grown with herbicides was compared with that of its non-transgenic counterpart. The analyzed components (proximates, amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, trypsin inhibitors, and phytic acid) in the herbicide-treated Agb0101 brown rice were substantially equivalent to those of its non-transgenic counterpart.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

The technique of plant transformation has started to show off its great power in the area of plant breeding by commercially successful introduction of transgenic varieties such as herbicide tolerant soybean and insect resistant corn in USA with an unimaginable speed. However, in contrast with the great success in the commercialization of herbicide tolerance and insect resistance, the transformation works on disease resistance has not yet reached the stage of full commercialization. This review surveys the current status of molecular breeding for plant disease resistance and their limits and problems. Some novel ideas and approaches in molecular breeding for disease resistance are introduced.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.137-140
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• 1998

딱정 벌레목 유충에 살충성을 나타내는 형질 전환 토마토 식물체를 4세대까지 분자 육종을 하였다. 분자 육종된 4세대 식물체에서 살충성 유전자인 B.t.t. 독소 유전자와 유전자가 발현되는 것을 확인하였다. 이 4세대 형질 전환 식물체는 독소 유전자 발현에 의해 딱정 벌레 유충에 살충성을 나타내고 있음이 확인 되었고, 4세대 형질 전환 식물체는 염색체는 2 배수체로 확인되어 정상적인 토마토 식물체임이 증명 되었다. 이 결과들은 형질 전환에 사용된 독소 유전자가 다음 세대로 안정되게 유전되고 있음을 나타내고 있다는 증거이다. 이러한 형질 전환된 식물체의 분자 육종은 농업에 있어서 현재의 일시적인 해충 방제에 비해 장기적인 해충 구제에 대한 새로운 방법의 가능성을 제시하고 있다고 하겠다.

• 환경생물
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.488-497
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• 2018

형질전환 벼와 일반 벼의 환경위해성 평가 기초자료를 위해 경상남도 사천시에서 2013~2017년, 경상북도 군위군에서 2015~2016년 7월 말부터 10월 초까지 벼에 발생하는 곤충상을 조사하고 군집특성을 분석하여 비교하였다. 사천시에서 형질전환 벼는 경상대학교 LMO (Living genetically Modified Organism) 격리포장 내에서 재배되었고, 일반 벼는 경상남도 사천시 사천읍 두량리에서 재배되었다. 군위군에서 형질전환 벼는 경북대학교 LMO 격리포장 내에서 재배되었고, 일반 벼는 경상북도 군위군 효령면 화계리에서 재배되었다. 채집방법으로 육안 조사, 포충망 조사, 유아등 트랩, 끈끈이 트랩을 이용하였다. 5년 동안 사천시에서 총 15목 123과 464종 37,941개체가 채집되었고, 2년 동안 군위군에서 총 13목 111과 366종 10,030개체가 채집되었다. 다년간 LMO포장과 일반포장을 비교해본 결과 매년 상위 주요 목은 우점 순서를 제외하면 거의 같은 목이 나타나는 것을 보아 아직까지는 LMO포장과 일반포장의 차이가 뚜렷하게 나타나지 않았다고 사료된다. 그리고 LMO포장과 일반포장 사이의 유사도 지수와 일반포장 사이의 유사도 지수가 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 LMO로 인한 차이가 아닌 환경에 의한 차이로 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.875-890
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• 2021

In order to confirm the safety of a genetically modified organism (GMO), we assess its potential toxicity on non-target insects and spiders. In this study, the effects of GM soybean, a type of vitamin-A-enhanced transgenic soybean with tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate, were assessed under a field condition. The study compared this vitamin-A-enhanced transgenic soybean and a non-GM soybean (Gwangan) in a living modified organism (LMO) isolated field of Kyungpook National University (Gunwi) and the National Institute Agricultural Sciences (Jeonju) in the Republic of Korea in 2019 - 2020. In total, 207,760 individual insects and arachnids, representing 81 families and 13 orders, were collected during the study. From the two types of soybean fields, corresponding totals of 105,765 and 101,995 individuals from the vitamin-A-enhanced transgenic soybean and Gwangan samples areas were collected. An analysis of variance indicated no significant differences (p < 0.05). A multivariate analysis showed that the dominance and richness outcomes of plant-dwelling insects were similar. The data on insect species population densities were subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA) and an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), which did not distinguish between the two varieties, i.e., the vitamin-A-enhanced transgenic soybean and the non-GM soybean in any cultivated field. However, the results of the PCA analysis could be divided overall into four groups based on the yearly survey areas. Therefore, there was no evidence for the different impact of vitamin A-enhanced transgenic soybean on the above-ground insects and spiders compared to non-GM soybean.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.521-529
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• 2019

Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is a species of the widespread geminiviruses. The infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) causes a reduction in photosynthetic activity, which is part of the viral symptoms. ${\beta}C1$ is a viral factor encoded by the betasatellite DNA ($DNA{\beta}$) accompanying TYLCCNV. It is a major viral pathogenicity factor of TYLCCNV. To elucidate the effect of ${\beta}C1$ on plants' photosynthesis, we measured the relative chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence in TY-LCCNV-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. The results showed that Chl content is reduced in TYLCCNV A-infected, TYLCCNV A plus $DNA{\beta}$ (TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$)-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic plants. Further, changes in Chl fluorescence parameters, such as electron transport rate, $F_v/F_m$, NPQ, and qP, revealed that photosynthetic efficiency is compromised in the aforementioned N. benthamiana plants. The presense of ${\beta}C1$ aggravated the decrease of Chl content and photosynthetic efficiency during viral infection. Additionally, the real-time quantitative PCR analysis of oxygen evolving complex genes in photosystem II, such as PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR, showed a significant reduction of the relative expression of these genes at the late stage of TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$ infection and at the vegetative stage of ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. In summary, this study revealed the pathogenicity of TYLCCNV in photosynthesis and disclosed the effect of ${\beta}C1$ in exacerbating the damage in photosynthesis efficiency by TYLCCNV infection.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2022

Insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) expresses a toxic protein (mcry1Ac1) derived from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis found in the rice cultivar Dongjin with an insecticidal property against rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). In this study, to investigate the impact of Bt-T on non-target organisms, the feed and oviposition preferences and biological parameters of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) were comparatively analyzed in four rice cultivars: Dongjin (parent variety), Ilmi (reference cultivar), Chinnong (brown planthopper resistant cultivar) and Bt-T. In the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the feed preferences were 32.4 ± 8.3 and 34.1 ± 6.8%, and the oviposition preferences were 32.5 ± 5.1 and 30.0 ± 5.3% respectively, and there was no statistical significance between these rices. Additionally, in the Bt-T and Dongjin cultivars, the total lifespans from egg to adult were 39.5 ± 6.9 and 40.0 ± 5.8 days, and the weights of adult females were 1.78 ± 0.14 and 1.72 ± 0.16 mg, respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference in the biological parameters between these two varieties. Overall, the results indicate that the insect-resistant transgenic rice (Bt-T) did not negatively affect the reproduction and life cycle of brown planthopper, a non-target organism.