• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare cerebral blood flow between hyperlipidemic patient group and normal healthy aldult group using transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD). I investigated cerebral blood flow of 63 hyperlipidemic patients and 42 healthy adults. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, I measured the systolic peak velocity(Vs) and mean flow velocity(Vm) of the milddle cerebral artery(MCA), anterior cerebral artery(ACA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), basilar artery(BA), internal carotid artery(ICA) in the two groups using TCD. In normal healthy adults, subjects showed a decerease in Vs and Vm with advancing in age. There was a significant difference in the Vm of ICA. There was no significant differences in the Vm of ACA and ICA. In normal healthy adults, females showed high velocities of all examined vessel. There was a significant difference in the Vs of ICA. There was a significant differences in the Vm of MCA and ICA. Normal healthy adults higher than hyperlipidemic patients in the Vs of MCA, ACA, PCA. There was no significant difference in the Vs of all exmined vessels. Hyperlipidemic patientsincrease higher than normal healthy adults in the Vm of ACA. There was a significant difference in the Vs of BA. In the patients aged under 50's, normal healthy adults higher than hyperlipidemic patients in the Vs and Vm except BA. But there was no significant difference in all exmined vessels. In the patients aged over 50's, hyperlipidemic patients higher than normal healthy adults in all examined vessel expect PCA. There was a significant difference in the Vs of BA and ICA. And hyperlipidemic patients higher than that normal healthy adults in all exmined vessels. There was a significant difference in BA and ICA. In this study, visible differences in blood flow between hyperlipidemic patient group and normal healthy aldult group were shown. However, these results do not come up to the previous values that were reported and known worldwide.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2010

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate diagnostic value of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound about risk factor of stroke by comparing blood flow between patients with metabolic syndrome(MS group) and Normal group. Methods: 62 metabolic syndrome patients and 106 healthy adults were selected who had no cerebrovascular diseases, cardiovascular diseases and other systemic diseases. We measured the mean velocity(Vm), peak systolic velocity(Vs) and pulsatility index(PI) of MCA, ACA, PCA, VA, ICA in two groups using TCD. All subjects were divided by gender and age. Results: In comparing Ms group with normal group, Vm in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ICA were lower in MS group. In all vessels, PI of MS group were higher than that of Normal group. In all vessels, Vm and Vs revealed negative correlation with age and PI revealed positive correlation with age. In 20-39 year olds, there was decrease in the Vs and Vm and increase of PI of MS group in comparison with normal group. There was significant difference in the Vm of PCA, ICA, Vs of MCA, PCA, ICA and PI of MCA, ACA. In 40-59 year olds, Vm in the MCA, ACA, ICA and Vs in the MCA, ACA were lower in MS group. PI in the MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In 60-79 year olds, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA was decreased in MS group than Normal group with no statistical signification. Vs in the MCA was lower and PI in the PCA was higher in MS group. In male, Vm of PCA and Vs of MCA were lower and PI of MCA, ACA, PCA, ICA were higher in MS group. In female, Vm of MCA, PCA, ICA and Vs of MCA, ICA were lower and PI of ACA, PCA, VA, ICA were higher in MS group. Conclusions: The significant difference in Vm, Vs, PI between MS group and normal group suggests hemodynamic disorder. Screening and prognosing high risk group can be done through TCD and this can be used to prevent stroke. More detailed study will be needed.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2001

Background and Purpose : Transcranial doppler ultrasonography(TCD) is a noninvasive and nonradioactive technique for evaluation of the hemodynamics in large cerebral vessels. Sahyangsohap-won(SS) has been considered to be effective for the treatment of various disease, especially cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and psychosomatoform disorders. But, there is no study about the effect of SS on the cerebral hemodynamics in humans. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of SS on the changes in cerebral hemodynamics and the dose-dependant effect by using TCD. Subjects and Methods : 30 healthy subjects were randomly divided into three group: group 1 took no drug, group 2 took SS one pill, and group 3 took SS 2 pills. Changes in the mean blood flow velocity(MBFV) and pulsatility index(PI) in the middle cerebral artery were evaluated by means of TCD. We obtained hypercapnia with breath-holding and evaluated cerebrovascular reactivity with the breath-holding index(BHI). Systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and heart rate(HR) were measured by means of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. In group 2 and group 3, the evaluations were performed during the baseline and were repeated at 20, 40, and 60 minutes after SS administration. In group 1, the evaluation was performed at corresponding time intervals. Results : In mean values of MSFV, PI, SSP, DBP, and HR, no stastically significant differences were found between the 3 groups. However, BHI values were significantly lower in groups 2 and 3 than in group 1 at 40 minutes after SS administration(P<0.05, group 1 vs group 2, group 1 vs group 3 by post-hoc analysis: Scheffe's test) but in dose-dependant effect, there was no difference between group 2 and group 3. Conclusion : These results suggest that SS can decrease vascular resistance in cerebral small arteries or arterioles and enhance their distensibility. Further studies on larger numbers of subjects are needed to confirm these effects and the dose-dependant effects.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.316-320
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• 2003

배경: 경두개 초음파 검사에 의한 미세색전의 진단은 향후 뇌색전증의 위험이 높은 환자의 선별에 큰 도움이 되리라 기대된다. 우리는 전향적으로 심장 판막 수술 전과 후의 미세색전의 양성률과 빈도를 검사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 심장 판막 질환이 있는 50명의 환자를 대상으로 본 연구는 진행되었다. 뇌경색의 병력이 있거나, 과거에 인공 기계 심장 판막 수술을 받은 환자는 본 연구에서 제외하였다. 경두개 초음파 검사는 중대뇌동맥에서 1시간 동안 미세색전을 감시하였고, 수술 전과 수술 후 2차례 검사하였다. 결과: 기계 심장 판막 수술은 28명, 조직 판막 수술은 10명, 승모판막 성형술은 12명에서 시행되었다. 미세색전의 양성률은 수술 전(8%)에 비하여 수술 후(50%)에 의미 있게 증가하였으며 (p=0.00), 미세색전은 항응고제 강도, 심장 부정맥, 환자의 연령, 고혈압의 병력과 관련성이 없었다. 기계 심장 판막 이식수술 후 미세색전의 양성률(71.4%)은 조직 판막 이식수술(10%)이나 승모판막 성형술(33.3%)에 비하여 의미 있게 높았다(p=0.002). 결론: 미세색전은 심장 판막 수술 후 의미 있게 증가하며 이러한 변화는 인공 기계 심장 판막 수술 후 색전증의 위험과 관련되어 있다고 추정된다.

• 대한중풍순환신경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

Objectives : Transcranial Doppler (TCD) has been reported to be established as useful in detecting spasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage and to be probably useful in diagnosing stenosis or occlusion in intracranial arteries. In the detection of intracranial stenosis using TCD there have been reported some kinds of diagnostic criteria. This study was aimed to evaluate the accordance between TCD and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in detection of intracranial stenosis and to find out more accurate criteria for intracranial stenosis using TCD. Methods : Seventy-six stroke patients were evaluated by TCD and MRA. TCD criteria for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis were used by 3 methods; ≥ 80cm/sec of mean velocity(Vm), ≥ 140 cm/sec of systolic velocity(Vs), and both. For stenosis of vertebral(VA) and basilar arteries(BA), the TCD criteria followed by 2 methods; ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm and ≥ 100 cm/sec of Vs. The stenosis of intracranial artery in MRA followed by the interpretation of specialist in the department of radiology. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and kappa agreement were calculated in each criteria of TCD compared with the result of MRA. Results : The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic accuracy and kappa agreement using ≥ 80cm/sec of Vm for MCA stenosis were 55.6%, 81%, 34.5%, 91.0%, 77.1%, and 0.293, respectively. Using 140 cm/sec of Vs, those were 44.4%, 92.0%, 50.5%, 90.2%, 84.7%, 0.380, and using both criteria those were 44.4%, 95.0%, 61.5%, 90.5%, 87.3%, 0.445, respectively. Those using ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm for VA and BA stenosis were 71.4%, 93.7%, 26.3%, 99.0%, 93.0%, 0.186 and using ≥ 100 cm/sec of Vs those were 71.4%, 97.3%, 45.5%, 99.1%, 96.5%, 0.539, respectively. Conclusion : These results suggested that for the diagnosis of MCA stenosis using TCD we should use the criteria of both ≥ 80cm/sec of Vm and 140 cm/sec of Vs, and for the VA and BA stenosis we adapt the criteria of ≥ 70 cm/sec of Vm.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect given to the variable details which disturb the flow of blood in brain artery disease through Aerobic exercises. It chose the subjects of study : 5 persons in an exercise group and 5 persons in a non-exercise group. Peak brain blood velocity, mean velocity, and resistance & artery stricture ratio were measured with TCD, measure machine for brain artery blood flow. The conclusion of the study was as follows: 1. At pre-test of an exercises group and a non-exercise group, PBV, MBV, BRI, ASI of a non-exercise group were showed much lower in the variation of left common carotid artery(LCCA). 2. At post-test of an aerobic exercises group and a non-exercise group, PBV, MBV, BRI, ASI of a non-exercise group were showed just a little decrease ratio but were not significant different in the variation of left common carotid artery(LCCA). Viewing on the base of these result, continuing exercises promote the functional improvement of the heart blood system and were showed the positive variation of artery stricture ratio according to brain blood flow velocity, the pulse and resistance or blood velocity. Therefore programs for prescriptions through aerobic exercises must be developed in many ways.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) should be carefully assessed in patient for whom manipulation of the cervical spine is to be undertaken. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in posterior cerebral artery blood flow velocity following head and body positioning by transcranial doppler ultrasonography (TCD) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty two healthy female (mean age $20.77{\pm}1.30yrs.$) participants volunteered to participate in the study. None of the participants had a history of neck pain or headache within the last 6 months. To evaluate the cerebral blood flow, we measured the mean flow velocity of the posterior cerebral artery unilaterally (right side). The blood flow velocity was measured under 3 different head positions (in a neutral head position, ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation position) and 2 different body conditions (supine position and sitting position). RESULTS: The mean blood flow velocity of posterior cerebral artery was decreased in body positioning from supine to sitting (p<.05), but the decreased rate of blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery did not change significantly between ipsilateral head rotation and contralateral head rotation (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These result of our study show that body positioning (sitting and supine) affect the blood flow velocity in posterior cerebral artery.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-104
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• 2003

Objective : This study was carried to make out the connection between cerebral artery blood flow velocity and ischemic theory that presumed the cause of Bell's palsy. Method : We measured cerebral artery blood flow velocity each external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, common carotid artery, siphon, superficial temporal artery by TCD to 20 patients who diagnosed as facial nerve palsy from march 2001 to July 2001 and all objectives devided two groups as palsy side. A group is right side facial nerve palsy and B group is left facial nerve palsy. Results : 1. There is no effective change of blood flow in external carotid artery either A, B group. 2. There is no effective change of blood flow in internal carotid artery either A, B group. 3. There is no effective change of blood flow in common carotid artery either A, B group. 4. There is no effective change of blood flow in siphon artery either A, B group. 5. There is no effective change of blood flow in superficial temporal artery either A, B group.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible role for cranial artery velocity in cervicogenic headache. Methods: We studied 13 patients with cervicogenic headaches (M=9, F=4, age=$24.50{\pm}3.50\;y$) these were compared to 20 normal subjects (M=10, F=10, age=$23.30{\pm}2.90\;y$). Cervicogenic headache patients were divided into two groups (a myofascial relaxation group, a placebo group). Pain levels were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound recordings were used to measure blood flow velocity in the cranial artery. Results: Cervicogenic headache patients exhibited a significantly lower blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery. The patients who received an intervention had a significantly higher blood flow velocity in the left middle cerebral artery, right vertebral artery and basilar artery. Compared to the placebo group, the myofascial relaxation group exhibited a significantly decreased level of pain. Conclusion: Cervicogenic headache is pain referred to the head from a source in the cervical spine. Manual therapy affect to cervical spine and soft tissue as well as the passage of these vessels and nerves to recover because it is thought to be able to help.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effects of SSP(silver-spike point) therapy, applied to acupuncture points, on the middle cerebral arteries blood flows of sample group(tention-type headache patients, n=12) and control group(non tension-type headache patients, n=12), and on the reduction of their headaches, when applied to acupuncture points. Methods : We stimulated 6 acupuncture points for headache with the SSP(three times a week for three weeks), and measured VAS(visual analogue scale) and the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries with TCD(transcranial doppler ultrasonography). Results : The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery and VAS of the sample group and the control group were compared four times(initial, 1weeks, 2weeks, 3weeks) and significant differences in the measurements were found at 3 weeks(p<.05). The blood flow of the middle cerebral artery of the sample group was significantly increased, and VAS was significantly decreased in both groups. Conclusions : The silver-spike-point low-frequency electrical-stimulation treatment, applied to acupuncture points, can significantly increase the blood flow of the middle cerebral arteries in headache patients and can thus alleviate their headaches.