• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2007

Trans-fatty acids (TFAs) are defined as the sum of all unsaturated fatty acids that contain one or more non-conjugated double bonds in a trans configuration. Dietary trans- fatty acids originate from commercially hydrogenated oils and from dairy and meat fats. From the perspective of the food industry, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils are attractive because of their long shelf life, stability during deep-frying, and semisolidity, which can be customized to enhance the palatability of baked goods and fried foods. Although no definite differences have been documented so far between the metabolic and health effects of industrial and ruminant TFAs, the intake of industrially produced TFA has declined, and in Europe, the majority of TFAs are of ruminant origin. Due to the scientific evidence associating TFA intake with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CDH), the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) issued a final rule that requires the amount of trans fat present in foods to be declared on the nutrition label, by December 1, 2007. In addition, many food manufacturers who use partially hydrogenated oils in their products have developed, or are considering ways, to reduce or eliminate trans-fatty acids from certain food products.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2002

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects of a novel cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and five known stilbenes, transresveratrol, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosols A and B, isolated from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) were determined against five different cancer cell lines, and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively. Six stilbenes showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner, and especially did potent cytotoxic activity against C6 (mouse glioma) cancer cell with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 8.2 to $20.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$. trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 11.8 and 25.2 g/ml, respectively. In contrast, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 20.4, 21.5, and $12.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$, respectively. However, suffruticosol A and B had less cytotoxic effect against all cancer cells except C6. Meanwhile, six stilbenes exerted antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Of them, trans-resveratrol exhibited the strongest antimutagenic effect against MNNG with $IC_{50}$ value of $27.0{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$, while other five resveratrol oligomers also did moderate antimutagenic activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 31.7 to $35.2{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2017

Changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes and isoforms in human serum have a major diagnostic value, therefore the regulation of ALP activities is a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. To assess the pharmacological activity of retinoids, i.e., all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, their tissue-specific inhibitory effect on human serum ALP activity was elucidated by chemical inhibition methods, heat-sensitive inactivation, and wheat-germ lectin precipitation test. Retinoids showed significant inhibition of the total ALP activity in human serum at a concentration of 5 mM. All-trans retinoic acid (5 mM) and 13-cis retinoic acid (5 mM) inhibited ALP activities by up to 12% and 15%, respectively, compared to that by guanidine hydrochloride (200 mM). L-phenylalanine (100 mM) and urea (30 mM) had no further inhibitory effect on ALP activities in human serum pretreated with retinoids (5 mM). Retinoids significantly inhibited ALP activities by up to 20% compared with that of tetramisole (30 mM). The ALP activities in retinoid-pretreated serum remained unchanged after the heat inactivation process. These results suggest that retinoids are inhibitors of the intestinal ALP isoenzyme. Remarkably, retinoids revealed potent inhibitory activities against ALP in wheat-germ lectin precipitant serum, indicating that they also function as inhibitors of the bone ALP isoform. The results show that retinoids inhibit the specific tissue-derived human serum ALP activities, moreover, the inhibitory effect of retinoids against bone ALP activity suggests their clinical utility as monitoring and prevention of metastasis of bone cancer.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

Objective: Recapitulation of the spermatogenesis process in vitro is a tool for studying the biology of germ cells, and may lead to promising therapeutic strategies in the future. In this study, we attempted to transdifferentiate Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into male germ cells using all-trans retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium. Methods: Human WJ-MSCs were propagated by the explant culture method, and cells at the second passage were induced with differentiation medium containing all-trans retinoic acid for 2 weeks. Putative germ cells were cultured with Sertoli cell-conditioned medium at $36^{\circ}C$ for 3 more weeks. Results: The gene expression profile was consistent with the stage-specific development of germ cells. The expression of Oct4 and Plzf (early germ cell markers) was diminished, while Stra8 (a premeiotic marker), Scp3 (a meiotic marker), and Acr and Prm1 (postmeiotic markers) were upregulated during the induction period. In morphological studies, approximately 5% of the cells were secondary spermatocytes that had completed two stages of acrosome formation (the Golgi phase and the cap phase). A few spermatid-like cells that had undergone the initial stage of tail formation were also noted. Conclusion: Human WJ-MSCs can be transdifferentiated into more advanced stages of germ cells by a simple two-step induction protocol using retinoic acid and Sertoli cell-conditioned medium.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.441-445
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• 2001

Resveratrol, a trihydroxystilbene found in grapes and several plants, has been shown to be active in inhibiting multistage carcinogenic process. Using resveratrol as the prototype, we synthesized several analogs and evaluated their growth inhibitory effect using cultured human cancer cells. In the present report we show that one of the resveratrol analogs, 3, 5,2',4'-tetramethoxy-trans-stilbene, potentiated the inhibition of cancer cell growth. Prompted by the strong growth Inhibitory activity of the compound ($IC_{50}$; $0.8{\mu}$ g/ml) compared to resveratrol ($IC_{50}$; $18{\mu}$ug/ml) in cultured human colon cancer cells (Col2), we performed an action mechanism study using the compound. The compound induced the accumulation of cellular DNA contents in the sub-CO phase DNA contents of the cell cycle by in a time-dependent manner. The morphological changes were also consistent with an apoptotic process. This result indicated that the compound induced apoptosis of cancer cells, and may be a candidate for use in the development of potential cancer chemotherapeutic or cancer chemopreventive agents.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

Breast cancer detection using electrical impedance techniques is based on numerous experimental findings that cancerous tissues have higher electrical conductivity values than normal tissues. Lately, by taking advantage of the structure of current flows underneath a planar probe of array electrodes, a mathematical formula to find lesions from a measured trans­admittance map has been derived. In order to experimentally validate its mathematical analysis and the suggested lesion estimation algorithm, we developed a 256-channel trans-admittance scanner (TAS) for probing anomalies underneath a planar array of electrodes. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the TAS. Its performance together with the lesion estimation algorithm was evaluated using saline phantoms. Further studies are proposed to validate the system on human subjects.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.431-436
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• 2001

Antifungal activities of trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) derivatives including commercial CA derivatives as well as synthesized CA derivatives against various human pathogenic fungi were investigated. Among the derivatives tested, -chlorocinnamaldehyde, $\alpha$-bromocinnamaldehyde and 7-phenyl-2,4,6-heptatrienal were more potent than CA in antifungal activity, $\alpha$-Bromocinnamaldehyde was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of representative fungi of dermatomycosis with minimum inhibitory cocentration(MIC) of 0.61~9.76$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml . In the structure-activity relationship, introduction of the chlorine and bromine group into the C-2 of CA resulted in the decrease of MIC. Derivative with more double bonds exhibited the increase of antifungal activity against various pathogenic fungi.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1566-1573
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• 2009

Trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation of preadipocytes in non-ruminant animals (mice, rat, and human). However, the effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA have not been clear in ruminants. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of trans-10, cis-12 CLA on adipocyte differentiation of ovine preadipocytes. Differentiation of these preadipocytes was facilitated by treatment with trans-10, cis-12 CLA. Trans-10, cis-12 CLA increased the number and size of oil red O-stainable lipid drops as well as the levels of GPDH activity. PPAR-$\gamma{2}$ and adipophilin mRNA, adipogenic marker genes, were increased by treatment with trans-10, cis-12 CLA. This result was different from that observed with 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, a clonal cell line derived from rodents. Furthermore, trans-10, cis-12 CLA alone induced the adipocyte differentiation of ovine preadipocytes in differentiation-induction medium without troglitazone. These results suggest that CLA is an inducer and regulator in adipocyte differentiation of ovine preadipocytes, with species differences between ovine and rodent preadipocytes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.407-411
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• 2000

The effects of heat shock, or all-trans retinoic acid, on the expression of the C-reactive protein mRNA in the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells, as well as the functional role of the C-reactive protein as a molecular chaperone, were studied. The expression level of the C-reactive protein mRNA in the HT-29 cells was increased time-dependently when exposed to heat-shock, and dose-dependently when treated with all-trans retinoic acid. The activities of transglutaminase C and K in the HT-29 cells were significantly increased when treated with all-trans retinoic acid. The C-reactive protein prevented thermal aggregation of the citrate synthase and stabilized the target enzyme, citrate synthase. The C-reactive protein promoted functional refolding of the urea-denatured citrate synthase up to 40-70%. These results suggest that the C-reactive protein, which is induced in human colon carcinoma cells, when heated or treated with all-trans retinoic acid has in a part functional activity of the molecular chaperone.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.101-101
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• 1997

As part of a drug discovery program to develope more effective platinum-based anticancer drugs, a series of platinum complexes trans -diaminocyclohexane platinum bi sdiphenylphosphino -ethane (KHPC-002) cis-diaminocyclohexane platinum bisdiphenylphosphino-ethane (KHPC-006) has been evaluated in vitro against 4 human carcinoma cell lines with those of cisplatin using a tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT assay). The cell lines were two human bladder carcinoma cell lines, HT-1197 and HT-1376, human colon carcinoma cell line, HCT-116, and prostate cancer cell line DU-145.