• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

Two maize transposable elements, immobilized Ac (iAc) and Ds, have been introduced into the genome of a diploid potato clone (Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja clone 1.22). The iAc is a modified Ac that is supposed to be unable to transpose but is expected to trans-activate the transposition of a Ds that is unable to transpose by itself. When the leaf and stem explants of in vitro shoots of the clone 1.22 were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains harboring binary vectors containing the iAc and the Ds, calli were formed from the explants on media containing 50 mg/L of kanamycin, and shoots were regenerated from the calli. The regenerated shoots formed roots when cultured on media containing 100 mg/L of kanamycin, whereas untransformed shoots did not form roots on the same media. The PCR amplification of the DNA's from the transgenic plants confirmed that the iAc and the Ds elements were introduced into the potato genome of 1.22.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.644-652
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• 2019

This study recognizes the problem of terminology surrounding the concept of transmedia and attempts to arrange and examine the concept by applying the syntagmes theory of linguistics. In transmedia, the prefix 'trans' means transversal, transformation, and transcendence. This versatility of the word transmedia itself provides a starting point for recognizing the concept of transmedia as an incomplete syntagmes with the verbal paradigm of transversal, transformation and transcendence. Depending on who is the subject of media content, such as media companies, creators, and users, syntagmes of transmedia is linked to terms such as transmedia franchise, transmedia storytelling, and prosumer. The purposes of the three subjects in the discourse of transmedia are different, using IP, expanding the story world, and enjoying the work. However, the common desires of 'repeat', 'extension', 'secure' and 'connection' are found in the purpose of three subjects. If terms like transmedia franchise, transmedia storytelling, and prosumer are 'parols' of the transmedia concept, then repetition, extension, securing and linking are the 'langues' of the transmedia concept.

• Trans-
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• v.8
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• pp.79-93
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• 2020

The main purpose of this article is to discuss the impact of "Dance Smash" TV show on Chinese dance, which uses the combination of dance and new media technology as the core content of the program. "Dance Smash", as a dance communication TV program for the public, first considers the entertainment attributes of variety shows. Spread the dance art on the basis of meeting the public's aesthetic needs, thereby expanding the popular living space of dance art. The use of 'moment of the storm' has let the general audience of non-dance majors feel the technical charm of dances, thus playing a healthy promotion role. However, whether "Bullet Time", a type of dance program that has had a successful case in the West, can also have a positive impact on the mass communication of dance in the localization of China, this is what questions and seeks of this article.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.192-200
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• 2002

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for positional and geometric isomers of octadecadienoic acid in which the double bonds are conjugated. CLA has anticancer activity in a variety of animal cancer models, and cis-9, trans-11 (c9t11) and trans-10, cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the most predominant isomers present in the synthetic preparations utilized in these animal studies. To compare the ability of c9t11, t10c12 and an isomeric mixture of CLA to inhibit TSU-Prl cell growth, cells were incubated in a serum-free medium with various concentrations of these fatty acids. The isomeric mixture inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner (1-3 $\mu$M) with a 41 $\pm$ 1% inhibition observed at 3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. T10c12 also inhibited cell proliferation in a dote-dependent manner, However, the efficacy and potency of this isomer was much greater than that of the isomeric mixture with a 49 $\pm$ 2% inhibition observed at 0.3 $\mu$M concentration after 48 hours. By contrast, c9t11 slightly increased cell proliferation. To determine whether the growth-inhibiting effect of CLA is related to the changes in production of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBP) by these cells, serum-free conditioned media were collected. Immunoblot analysis of conditioned media using a monoclonal anti-IGF-II antibody showed that both the isomeric mixture and t10c12 inhibited secretion of both mature 7,500 Mr and higher Mr forms of pro IGF-II, whereas c9t11 had no effect. Ligand blot analysis with 125I-IGF-II revealed the presence of two types of IGFBPs : 24,000 Mr IGFBP-4 and 30,000 Mr IGFBP-6. The production of IGFBP-4 slightly decreased at the highest concentrations of the isomeric mixture and t10c12. These results indicate that CLA inhibits human prostate cancer cell growth, an effect largely due to the action of t10c12. The growth inhibition may result, at least in part, from decreased production of IGF-II and IGFBP-4 by these cells.

• Trans-
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• v.4
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• pp.1-36
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• 2018

This paper summarizes some of the contents of the 7th International Symposium "Classical Art and Digital" of the Transmedia Institute(TMI), held on October 31, 2017. The purpose of this year's International Symposium was to look back on the genre and the aesthetic history of classical art and to create a place for discourse about the recognition of classical art in the modern digital era. In the first part of the discussion about the duplication of the original and virtual imitation, three presentations on "Visual Image Art and Digital" were introduced. The conclusion of this first discussion is summarized by urging the movement of viewpoint as 'systematic change of the routine aesthetic process'. In the second part on "Performing Arts and Digital", we realize that we need to definitize the 'new directive term system' necessary for the era of digital convergence and performance. In this process we can refer to the need for the emergence of a new aesthetic basis. Two papers in the second part of the paper will introduce the study of 'dance' performance. Some of these studies are reintroduced at the conclusion. The theme of this year's International Symposium can be expected to provide a foothold for the forthcoming second 'Laocoon sculpture argue'. In short, behind the various controversies in the history of aesthetics, this year's conference is concluded with a call for the need to flexibly read the enormous flow of 'art' and 'mental heritage left by art'. It is said that this year's international conferences are presenting the basis of practical and systematic theories for the upcoming fusion media era.

• Trans-
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• v.12
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

This study predicts and raises the changes that AI will bring to dance art when machine-based choreography began, and finds questions we can ask as human artists. Research suggests that one of the crises of dance in the era of machine creative arts is that artificial intelligence does not stay in the tool of human choreography but becomes the subject of choreography. It is based on the political discourse of choreography that artificial intelligence has the power to control and restrict human dancers. This comes from a sense of crisis that the AI takes over the area of choreography and the human choreographer remains an incompetent coordinator, and as a result, the dancer's dancing body can be reduced to a mechanical body controlled by AI. In order for these concerns not to become a reality, this study proposes three measures. First, choreographer and dancer should develop digital literacy to live in the age of AI art. Secondly, choreographer should acquire the ability to accurately distinguish the roles of human choreographer, dancer, and AI in creative work. Thirdly, various levels of discourse on AI dance should be formed by actively conducting mutual media research of dance and technology. Through these efforts, the human dancer will exist as a subject of art, not a passive agent in the new dance ecosystem brought by the innovation of artificial intelligence technology and will be able to face an era coexistence with artificial intelligence creativily and productively.

• Trans-
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• v.12
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• pp.21-49
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• 2022

This study examines the possibility of chronic brain disease rehabilitation treatment using VR/AR technology and raises the research need for the development of digital therapeutics. In addition, by proposing a digital therapeutic research and development process this study intends to contribute to the development of VR/AR rehabilitation treatment. To this end, this study identified research trends of VR/AR technology, neurophysiology, and chronic brain disease and proposed a method for applying VR/AR technology to treat chronic brain disease patients in three stages. The first stage is to prepare a neurophysiological basis for rehabilitation treatment of brain disease patients using VR technology. The second stage is to provide a treatment method using VR/AR technology and systematize the contents characteristics. The third stage is to conduct clinical trails and validate that the treatment method and contents utilization is effective for the patient. It is hope that this study serves as a guide for developing media production base technology for treating patient with a chronic brain disease.

• Trans-
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• v.15
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• pp.81-104
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• 2023

This paper analyzes the danmu phenomenon with the concept of participatory culture proposed by Henry Jenkins. Unlike other comments, Danmu is a function that allows users to post anonymously while watching a video, and comments posted at that time are immediately displayed on the screen and can be viewed by other viewers. The service was first launched by Niconico. In this paper, the danmu phenomenon in the Chinese video platform Bilibili is analyzed by focusing on three aspects. First, in terms of creative sharing under collective intelligence, we explore how users create their own creations and share them with other users through danmu. Second, in the collaboration model under public participation, the method and meaning of collective cooperation through users' interaction is dealt with. Third, in terms of financial support of commercial capital, the influence of danmu videos to create commercial profits is analyzed as a case. In addition, the negative aspects and challenges of participatory culture in Bilibili are analyzed. Negative aspects such as participation gap, copyright infringement, excessive use of danmu and problems of anonymity were reviewed, and major challenges to realize the potential of danmu as a participatory culture were suggested. This paper comprehensively analyzes danmu using research methods such as literature review and case studies, and through this, tries to derive insights on how participatory culture and danmu interact and evolve in modern society. Danmu, as a participatory medium, is an important tool that promotes individual and collective creation and interaction, and is pioneering a new boundary between the media industry and its users.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.896-904
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• 2001

Conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) is a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid(LA) and exhibits anticarcinogenic activity in multiple experimental animal models. Cis-9,trns-11(c9t11) and trans-10,cis-12(t10c12) CLA are the principal isomers found in foods. The present study was performed to determine whether CLA and the two isomers inhibits HT-29 cell proliferation and to assess whether such an effect was related to changes in secretion of eicosanoids. Cells were incubated in serum-free medium with various concentrations(0 to 20$\mu$M) of CLA or LA. CLA inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition(70 $\pm$ 1%) observed at 20$\mu$M concentration after 96 hours. However, LA had no effect at the same concentration range. To compare the ability of c9f11 and t10c12 to inhibit cell proliferation, cells were incubated with increasing concentrations(0 to 4$\mu$M) of these isomers. T10c12 inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. A 66 $\pm$ 2% decrease in cell number was observed within 96 hours after addition of 4$\mu$M t10c12. By contrast, c9t11 had no effect. The concentrations of CLA and the two isomers in the plasma membrane were increased when they were added to the incubation medium. However, they did not alter the levels of arachidonic acid in plasma membrane. To assess whether the proliferation inhibiting effect of CLA was related to changes in eicosanoid production, prostaglandin E$_2$(PGE$_2$) and leukotriene B$_4$(LTB$_4$) concentrations in conditioned media were estimated by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Both CLA and t10c12 increased the production of materials reactive to PGE$_2$ and LTB$_4$ antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. By contrast, c9t11 had no effect. These results indicate that inhibition of HT-29 cell proliferation by CLA is attributed to the effect of the t10v12 isomer. The materials reactive to PGE$_2$ and LTB$_4$ antibodies may inhibit growth stimulatory effect of arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoids on HT-29 cell proliferation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.637-645
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• 1999

Two putative regulator genes, mocR and mocS, of the moc (mannityl opine catabolism) operons in pTi15955 of the octopine-/mannityl opine-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955, were tested for their possible roles as repressors in the moc operons. The regions upstream of macC and mocD, the first structural genes in the two divergently oriented moc operons, were transcriptionally fused into the promoterless lacZ reporter gene. Each of the lacZ-fusions was introduced into Agrobacterium strain UIA5, a Ti plasmid-cured derivative, harboring either a mocR or a mocS clone. The resulting strains were grown in media containing various sugar sources, and the $\beta$-galactosidase activities were quantitatively measured. The results suggested that MocR repressed the expression of macC and macD. The expression of the fused $\beta$-galactosidase was not induced by mannopine (MOP) or possible catabolic intermediates of the opine, e.g. santhopine (SOP), glucose, mannose, or glutamine. However, the repression was significantly relieved by the supplementation of MOP and the concomitant introduction of the agcA gene encoding MOP cyclase that catalyzes the lactonization of MOP to agropine (AGR). These results suggested that AGR, rather than MOP or the other catabolic intermediates, is the inducer for the expression of the operon. On the contrary to previous report showing that the induction levels of macC and macD were lowered by the supplementation of inorganic nitrogen in media, the expression of these genes was not affected by the level of nitrogen in our reporter system. MocS did not strongly repress the expressions of macC and mocD. It is possible that MocS may be involved in the regulation of the operons present downstream of the moc operon, which are responsible for the utilization of mannopinic acid and agropinic acid.